India’s connectivity push has transformed border checkpoints into gateways. But the story of these crossings reveals an uncomfortable truth: building a bridge is easier than keeping it open.

In 2012, India did something unprecedented: for the first time in seven decades, it established a dedicated institution for cross-border connectivity through its land borders. The Land Ports Authority of India, or LPAI, was formed to build Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) or land ports that would consolidate all border-crossing activities, including customs, immigration, security, and quarantine, in one area. Today, fifteen land ports are operational with Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, and several more are under development. Together, they carry approximately 40–50% of trade between India and its neighbouring countries. In India’s connectivity journey, the LPAI stands out as an exception—a case that shows how a capable institution can make connectivity projects work.