The maritime relationship between India and Russia stems from Cold War legacies and has evolved into a multi-dimensional strategic partnership encompassing naval cooperation, shipbuilding, sea-route connectivity, and energy transport. The strength of this relationship, proven especially in critical times, flows from agreements such as the 1971 Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation; the 2000 Declaration of Strategic Partnership; and the 2+2 ministerial dialogues initiated in 2021. This article examines the historical background, the current state of maritime ties, key initiatives and challenges, and the implications for the Indo-Pacific and global maritime order.