Archive
February 8, 2025
- → PM Modi to Visit US on 12-13 February
- → India Summons Bangladesh Acting High Commissioner
What happened?
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit the United States on 12-13 February to hold talks with US President Donald Trump and engage with senior leaders of the US administration. This will be PM Modi’s first visit to the US since President Trump’s second-term inauguration.
Why it matters to India
During a special media briefing, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasised the significance of the visit, stating that PM Modi’s trip within three weeks of the new administration taking office highlights the strategic importance of the India-US partnership. Misri confirmed that energy and defence will be key focus areas in discussions between PM Modi and President Trump.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on February 7, 2025 summoned Bangladesh’s Acting High Commissioner to India, Md. Nural Islam, to express concerns over continued negative remarks by Bangladeshi authorities regarding India.
Why it matters to India:
On February 6, 2025, Bangladesh formally lodged a strong protest with India over remarks made by deposed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, particularly concerning the alleged recent vandalism of her father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s house. Bangladesh’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs criticised Hasina’s statements as “false and fabricated” and described her activities while in exile in India as a “hostile act.”
MEA Spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal, in an official statement, said:
“Comments attributed to former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina have been made in her individual capacity, in which India has no role to play. Conflating this with the Government of India’s position will not contribute positively to bilateral relations. While the Government of India remains committed to fostering a mutually beneficial relationship, we expect Bangladesh to reciprocate in a similar manner without vitiating the atmosphere.”
This recent development came in the backdrop of India condemning the demolition of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s residence in Dhaka, calling it an act of vandalism that must be strongly denounced.
February 7, 2025
- → Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Holds Talks with U.S. Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth
- → India Boosts Defence Modernisation with ₹10,147 Crore Rocket Procurement Deals
- → India-Spain 5th Joint Working Group Meeting on Defence Cooperation
- → NITI Aayog Hosts Conclave on ‘Viksit Bharat@2047’
What happened?
Ahead of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh spoke with U.S. Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth over the phone on February 06, 2025. Singh congratulated Hegseth on his confirmation and further discussed ways to strengthen the India-US bilateral defence partnership. Both leaders agreed on an ambitious operational, intelligence, logistics, and defence-industrial cooperation agenda.
Why it matters to India:
The phone discussion took place less than a week before Prime Minister Modi’s scheduled visit to Washington, where he is set to meet U.S. President Donald Trump. Over the past decade, India and the U.S. have significantly deepened their defence collaboration, launching several initiatives to enhance bilateral ties. The India-US strategic partnership is built on shared values, including a commitment to democracy and a rules-based international order.
India and the U.S. are now actively collaborating on technology development, integration of defence industrial supply chains, enhanced interoperability, logistics and information sharing, and joint military exercises. Both sides also support innovation in defence through government, start-ups, businesses, and academic partnerships. India and the US have also agreed to draft a comprehensive framework for defence cooperation, shaping bilateral collaboration from 2025 to 2035.
What happened?
In a significant step towards strengthening India’s defence capabilities and realising the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed contracts worth ₹10,147 crore with three leading Indian companies: Economic Explosives Ltd (EEL), Munitions India Ltd (MIL), and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL). The agreements aim to enhance the Indian Army’s firepower by equipping it with advanced rockets for the PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). This marks a major milestone in the modernisation of India’s artillery forces.
Why it matters to India:
This procurement marks a crucial step in the modernisation of India’s Artillery Rocket Regiments, strengthening the nation’s long-range precision strike capabilities. The deal is also expected to generate employment opportunities, particularly within India’s MSME sector, as domestic industries play a central role in defence production. By prioritising indigenous manufacturing, this initiative aligns with India’s vision of self-reliance in defence technology. It also cements the country’s position as a key player in global defence innovation while reinforcing its commitment to national security and technological advancement.
What happened?
The 5th Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting between the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of India and Spain took place in New Delhi on February 6, 2025. The meeting was co-chaired by Amitabh Prasad, Joint Secretary of International Cooperation (India), and Brigadier General Paulino Garcia Diego, Special Advisor on Defence Diplomacy to the Secretary General of Defence Policy (Spain).
Why it matters to India:
During the JWG meeting, both sides reviewed ongoing bilateral defence cooperation initiatives and outlined plans for further collaboration, particularly in the maritime domain. Discussions focused on strengthening ties in technology and armament production. A key highlight of the talks was the C295 Project, a collaboration between Airbus Spain and Tata Advanced Systems Limited. As the first Make-in-India initiative in the defence aircraft sector, this project has encouraged deeper cooperation between Indian and Spanish companies. Both nations are now exploring further opportunities for joint ventures in aerospace and defence manufacturing.
What happened?
On 6 February 2025, India’s National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog organised a high-level conclave titled “Towards Viksit Bharat@2047: Strengthening Economy, National Security, Global Partnerships, and Law” at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi. The event brought together key policymakers, including the Vice Chairman, Members, and CEO of NITI Aayog, alongside distinguished speakers such as the Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India and the Secretary of the Ministry of Defence.
Why it matters to India:
The conclave addressed several crucial areas of India’s development trajectory, offering key insights into economic growth, strategic partnerships, and national security. Regarding economic growth and global competitiveness, the panel highlighted the need for regulatory reforms, infrastructure expansion, and deeper integration into global trade. Experts emphasised the importance of private sector investment in research and development, energy security, and access to critical raw materials as key drivers for sustained growth. Strengthening fiscal policies and fostering innovation were also seen as essential for long-term competitiveness. In the area of strategic partnerships for development, the panel focused on India’s diplomatic role in balancing alliances with both the Global South and North while advocating for trade liberalisation and tariff reduction. India’s leadership in renewable energy and the importance of international cooperation in securing critical minerals were also discussed. Additionally, strengthening digital infrastructure and reforming legal frameworks were identified as vital to attracting global investment and improving the ease of doing business. Lastly, in the panel on supply chain resilience and national defence, experts explored the need for a robust defence supply chain, distinguishing between civilian Just in Time and military Just in Case models. Cybersecurity was recognised as essential to safeguarding supply chain integrity. The panel also discussed how public-private partnerships could enhance defence procurement and logistics management.
February 6, 2025
- → India Engaging with US to Ensure Deportees Are Not Mistreated: Jaishankar
- → MEA Working on New Law for Indians Working Abroad
- → 1st India-Arab Universities’ Presidents’ Conference
- → ‘IMEEC’ in Spotlight as Greek Foreign Minister Visit India
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, stated that the Indian government is engaging with the US to ensure that deportees are not mistreated. “It is the obligation of all countries to take back their nationals if found to be living illegally abroad,” he said. Jaishankar also met Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 February 2025 to brief him on the issue.
On 5 February 2025, a US military aircraft landed in Amritsar, carrying 104 deported Indian nationals. These deportations come as part of increased US immigration enforcement efforts, primarily targeting individuals who entered the country illegally or overstayed their visas. They align with U.S. President Donald Trump’s hard stance on the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the US.
Why it matters to India:
The Indian government has consistently maintained that it does not justify or support illegal immigration. Its cooperation with Trump’s deportation policy appears to be a strategic move to strengthen its case for the H-1B visa programme, which India argues benefits both nations. By readily accepting deported individuals, India could be attempting to counter anti-immigrant sentiment in the US while advocating for legal migration pathways for Indian professionals. India has also agreed to take back approximately 18,000 ‘irregular immigrants’ identified for deportation by the US government. This is not the first instance of India repatriating deported nationals from the US. The current India-U.S. deliberations on the issue of illegal migration should, therefore, be viewed within the broader context of India’s migration diplomacy, which prioritises legal migration over irregular and unlawful migration.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is “seriously considering” enacting a new law, tentatively titled the Overseas Mobility (Facilitation and Welfare) Bill, 2024, which would replace the “outdated provisions” of the Emigration Act of 1983. This was stated in the fourth report of the Parliamentary Committee on External Affairs, presented to the Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament) on February 3, 2025. The move comes amid controversy surrounding the deportation of over a hundred Indian migrants by the United States, who were returned to India on a C-17 US military aircraft, bound in chains and shackles, after landing in Amritsar yesterday.
Why it matters to India:
The proposed legislation aims to create a robust framework that will ensure safe, orderly, and regular migration for overseas employment. The draft of this bill is currently being consulted with relevant ministries. Emigration is a key area of focus, as the MEA reports that there are currently 15.85 million Indians living abroad, with around 15 million employed in various jobs—both skilled and unskilled. In recent years, the government has prioritised creating mobility agreements to simplify the migration process. India has already signed labour mobility pacts with five countries, including Taiwan. These agreements include nations like Israel, Malaysia, Japan, Portugal, and Mauritius.
Additionally, India has entered into memorandums of understanding on migration and mobility with several countries, including the UK, France, Germany, Australia, Austria, Italy, and Denmark. However, the current legal framework is still based on the Emigration Act of 1983, a law that has now been in place for over 40 years.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs, in association with the University Grants Commission (UGC) as the knowledge partner and the League of Arab States (LAS) as the co-organiser, organised the 1st India-Arab Universities’ Presidents’ Conference at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi, from 5th to 6th February 2025. The conference was held under the education vertical of the Executive Program for the implementation of the Memorandum of Cooperation between India and LAS.
Why it matters to India:
The conference served as a platform for universities from India and the Arab world to engage with one another in meaningful ways. It also brought together the collective vision of academicians for the future of higher education. The conference aimed at harnessing the potential of higher education in ways that transcended national borders and laid the groundwork for future collaboration in the field of higher education between India and the Arab world.
Four sessions of the conference were focused on Higher Education and Skill Development Cooperation between India and LAS towards Development and Prosperity; Innovative and New Areas of Academic Cooperation, including Sharing Experiences on New Approaches in Education, such as the Usage of Digital Platforms; Academic Cooperation, including the Current Status and Challenges of Mutual Recognition of Degrees; and Promoting Joint Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation, including AI, Quantum Computing, and Biotechnology.
What happened?
Greek Foreign Affairs Minister George Gerapetritis is on a four-day visit to India from February 05-08, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC) will be a key focus during a meeting between Greece’s Foreign Minister and India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, scheduled for February 6, 2025. Greece holds significant strategic importance for India within the framework of the IMEEC due to its location in Europe, making it a vital gateway to the European market. The country’s seaports, especially Piraeus, are crucial entry points for Indian goods destined for Europe. This geographic advantage facilitates faster and more efficient movement of goods compared to traditional sea routes, potentially reducing transportation costs and transit times. India also considers that Greece could play a key role in facilitating trade negotiations and agreements between India and the European Union.
February 5, 2025
- → India-UK Consultations on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
- → India’s finance ministry asks employees to avoid AI tools like ChatGPT, DeepSeek
- → The King of Bhutan visit India
- → India’s natural gas production to peak in 2025, decline thereafter: Wood Mackenzie
What happened?
On February 4, 2025, India-UK Consultations on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation were held in New Delhi. The Indian delegation was led by Ms Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary (Disarmament and International Security Affairs), Ministry of External Affairs, while the UK delegation was led by Mr Stephen Lillie, Director for Defence and International Security at the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
The two sides discussed developments in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation relating to nuclear, chemical and biological domains, as well as regional non-proliferation issues, outer space security-related matters, conventional weapons, including AI in the military domain and multilateral export control regimes.
Why it matters to India:
The India-UK consultations on disarmament and non-proliferation hold significant importance for India as they build upon the strategic commitments made in April 2022 when both nations reaffirmed their desire to strengthen civil nuclear cooperation. At that time, India and the UK welcomed the UK’s renewed collaboration with the Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP) to jointly promote research and training in nuclear energy studies, radioactive applications, and nuclear security and safety. These consultations provide a platform to advance negotiations on a renewed and strengthened India-UK Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, bolstering India’s nuclear energy capabilities while ensuring adherence to global safety standards. Furthermore, both countries share a vested interest in promoting nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, aligning with their broader goals of global security.
What happened?
India’s finance ministry has asked its employees to avoid using AI tools, including ChatGPT and DeepSeek, for official purposes, citing risks posed to the confidentiality of government documents and data, an internal department advisory showed. “It has been determined that AI tools and AI apps (such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, etc.) in the office computers and devices pose risks for the confidentiality of (government) data and documents,” said the advisory by the Indian Finance Ministry dated January 29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
Countries like Australia and Italy have placed similar restrictions on using DeepSeek, citing data security risks. Notably, the advisory reports surfaced on social media on February 04, 2025, ahead of a scheduled visit to India by OpenAI chief Sam Altman, who is scheduled to meet India’s IT minister. OpenAI is also facing the heat in India due to a high-profile copyright infringement battle with India’s top media houses. In court filings, the company has argued that since it does not have its servers in the country and Indian courts should not hear the matter.
What happened?
At the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, paid a special visit to India to attend the Maha Kumbh Mela from February 03-04, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
According to an official statement by India’s Ministry of External Affairs: “India and Bhutan enjoy unique ties of friendship and cooperation, which are characterised by mutual understanding and trust. The visit of His Majesty, the King of Bhutan, is in keeping with the tradition of regular high-level exchanges between India and Bhutan, an important hallmark of the special partnership.” Beyond the optics, the Bhutanese King’s visit signifies Bhutan’s deep understanding of Indian culture and the spiritual significance of the Maha Kumbh. Last year, the King and Queen of Bhutan visited India in March 2024 and December 2024.
What happened?
According to a report by consultancy firm Wood Mackenzie, India’s natural gas production is expected to peak in 2025, growing by 4.5% before declining at an average rate of 3.6% annually until 2030 due to ageing fields and project delays. After 2030, production could fall even faster—by 9% annually—driven by resource exhaustion and fewer new discoveries. As domestic output shrinks, India’s dependence on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) will surge, making it the world’s third-largest LNG importer after China and Japan by 2032.
Why it matters to India:
Rising import dependence threatens India’s energy security, exposing the economy to global price fluctuations and supply disruptions, especially amid geopolitical tensions. This could strain the trade balance, increasing the current account deficit. Additionally, costlier LNG imports may impact industries like fertilisers, refining, and city gas distribution, raising operational costs and consumer prices. To mitigate these risks, India must implement effective policy reforms, attract private investments, and fast-track domestic exploration projects, as outlined in the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill introduced in 2024.
February 4, 2025
- → India Contributes USD 37.64 Million to the United Nations Annual Regular Budget
- → India-United Kingdom Collaboration in Cutting-Edge Technologies
- → EAM Jaishankar Addresses Second IIC-Bruegel Annual Seminar
- → Ministers from Over 20 Countries to Attend India Energy Week
What happened?
India has paid United States Dollars (USD) 37.64 million to the United Nations (UN) Regular Budget for 2025, joining the “honour roll” of 35 member states who have paid their regular budget assessments in full and on time to the UN. According to the UN Committee on Contributions, as of 31 January 2025, thirty-five member states have paid their regular budget assessments in full within the 30-day due period specified in the UN financial regulations. India contributed USD 37.64 million to the 2025 UN Regular Budget and paid on 31 January 2025.
Why it matters to India:
According to the provisions of Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter), every member state is legally obligated to pay their respective share towards peacekeeping. The assessed contributions provide a reliable funding source for core functions of the UN Secretariat via the UN regular and peacekeeping budgets.
Like all UN member states, India contributes to the United Nations budget to support its operations, peacekeeping missions, and various global programmes. These contributions are part of its obligations as a UN member under the UN Charter. The funds help maintain international peace and security, promote sustainable development, protect human rights, and respond to humanitarian crises. India’s timely and full payments reflect its commitment to multilateralism and global governance. As a country that values its role in international affairs, India sees these contributions as essential to strengthening its diplomatic influence, supporting global stability, and reinforcing its image as a responsible global actor.
What happened?
The Deputy National Security Advisers (Deputy NSAs) of the United Kingdom (UK) and India met in London last week to evaluate progress under the UK-India Technology Security Initiative (TSI). They discussed collaboration in Artificial Intelligence (AI), telecommunications, and critical minerals, highlighting the shared commitment to technological innovation.
Why it matters to India:
The India-UK collaboration in cutting-edge technologies, framed under the UK-India Technology Security Initiative (TSI) of July 2024, marks a significant milestone in the growing bilateral relationship between the two countries. The TSI is being coordinated by the National Security Advisers (NSAs) of both countries through existing and new dialogues. The NSAs also set priority areas and identify interdependencies for cooperation on critical and emerging technologies, which will, in turn, help build meaningful technology value chain partnerships between India and the UK. The TSI seeks to address the increasing role of technology in national security and economic development to elevate the strategic partnership between India and the UK. Building on the India-UK Roadmap 2030, the TSI sharpens the focus on critical and emerging technologies (CET) across key sectors, enhancing existing collaborations and establishing new mechanisms for cooperation.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), Dr Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, while addressing the second India International Centre (IIC)-Bruegel Annual Seminar in Delhi on 4 February 2025, reiterated India’s position on multilateralism on a global scale, saying different standards have been applied to countries in the East and the West. The minister called out the selective and uneven application of “matters of principle” for different countries and asserted that any global agenda can no longer be set by a handful of powers.
Why it matters to India:
Speaking at the second IIC-Bruegel Annual Seminar in Delhi, the EAM said, “The world is currently witnessing two major conflicts. These are often presented as matters of principle. We are told that the very future of the world order is at stake. Yet, the record shows how selectively and unevenly these principles have been applied.”
Emphasis on multilateralism, as highlighted by the EAM, reflects India’s ambition to reshape global governance structures to be more inclusive and equitable. This stance matters to India because it seeks to challenge the dominance of a few Western powers in setting international norms, advocating instead for a system that recognises the voices of emerging economies. By calling out the selective application of global principles, India aims to protect its strategic interests, strengthen its global influence, and ensure that international rules are fairer to countries in the Global South.
What happened?
Energy ministers from over 20 nations, including advanced economies, top energy producers, and key countries from the Global South, are set to participate in the upcoming India Energy Week (IEW) 2025 in New Delhi from 11 to 14 February 2025. In addition to ministers, the event will witness the presence of foreign ambassadors, heads of prominent international organisations, and 90 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) or executive board members from some of the world’s largest Fortune 500 energy corporations.
Why it matters to India:
As one of the first major energy events of the year, IEW will set the strategic tone for the sector in 2025, addressing pressing challenges and emerging opportunities. Organised under the patronage of India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry (FIPI) and dmg events, IEW 2025 aims to foster collaboration and innovation that will shape the future of global energy. The event will host 10 country pavilions featuring nations such as the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), the Russian Federation, Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands. Additionally, eight thematic zones will focus on key sectors such as hydrogen, renewables, biofuels, and petrochemicals, providing a platform for discussing energy transition and sustainable development.
February 3, 2025
- → India Working to Cut Trade Barriers with the United States
- → Russia’s State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin Arrives in India
- → Kingdom of Morocco Eyes Direct Flights with India to Boost Trade and Tourism
- → India’s Defence Budget for 2025
- → India to revive IMEC amidst Gaza ceasefires.
- → India sets ambitious goal of 100 GW Nuclear Energy by 2047
What happened?
Amid President of the United States Donald Trump’s imposition of tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China, the Government of India, in its Union Budget for the Financial Year (FY) 2025–26 presented on 2 February 2025, significantly reduced customs duties on high-end motorcycles, luxury cars, and smartphone components—a move that could benefit American companies like Harley-Davidson, Tesla, and Apple. Additionally, India has reportedly prepared a fact sheet for diplomats from the United States on tariffs for key American products to showcase that import duties on the top 30 items (led by crude petroleum, coking coal, aeroplanes, and liquefied natural gas) from the United States are all below 7.5% as a course correction to ‘correct bad optics.’
Why it matters to India:
Despite cordial ties between the United States and India, President Trump has often grouped India with China as a “tariff abuser” country. Notably, India’s move on tariffs comes on the eve of the likely visit of Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi to the United States in mid-February, which seems to have helped persuade the Trump administration not to impose tariffs on India as it has done with Mexico, Canada, and China. Amid President Trump’s tariff threats, India’s strategic duty cuts aim to boost domestic production while mitigating trade disruptions in an unpredictable global market. For instance, according to Chairman of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, the rationalisation of tariff rates—reducing them from 15 to eight slabs, including the zero rate—should help “correct” the bad “optics” and send a clear signal to the world that “we are not a high-tariff country.”
What happened?
The Chairman of Russia’s State Duma (lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia), Vyacheslav Volodin, arrived on an official visit to India on 3 February 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The visit of Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin comes against the backdrop of a likely visit by President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin for the annual India-Russia Leaders’ Summit later this year. According to the Embassy of the Russian Federation in New Delhi, discussions during the visit will cover issues related to India-Russia cooperation in economic, cultural, educational, and technological spheres and the development of interparliamentary dialogue.
What happened?
The Kingdom of Morocco is seeking direct air connectivity with the Republic of India to support the rise in trade and tourism. While the share of Indian nationals in total arrivals is small, it is growing rapidly. Over 40,000 Indian citizens visited Morocco in 2024, marking a 43% increase compared to 2023. Indian arrivals in the country have risen by 150% compared to 2019.
Why it matters to India:
Morocco has emerged as a key supplier of phosphate-based fertilisers to India in recent years. Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) announced the establishment of a plant in Morocco in September 2024 to produce wheeled armoured platforms. Travel between the two countries is increasing, and discussions on direct flights have gathered momentum. Alongside tourism, Morocco also seeks more Indian investments in defence, information technology (IT), and logistics. It is exploring the export of fruits to India to diversify trade. Bilateral trade between the two countries stood at $2.4 billion in FY 2023–24, with faster growth in Indian exports.
What happened?
The Union Budget of the Republic of India for 2025 was presented on 1 February 2025 by the Minister of Finance, Nirmala Sitharaman. The budgetary allocations for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) were made in line with the Government of India’s vision for ‘Viksit Bharat @ 2047,’ aiming for technologically advanced, self-reliant (‘Aatmanirbhar’) armed forces. The Union Budget has allocated ₹6,81,210.27 crore for FY 2025–26 for the MoD. This allocation is 9.53% higher than the budget estimate for FY 2024–25 and accounts for 13.45% of the Union Budget, the highest among all ministries. Under capital expenditure, ₹48,614 crore has been set aside for aircraft and aero engines, while ₹24,391 crore has been allocated for the naval fleet. An amount of ₹63,099 crore has been earmarked for other equipment.
Why it matters to India:
The defence budget aligns with the Ministry of Defence’s decision to observe FY 2025–26 as the ‘Year of Reforms,’ aiming to modernise India’s armed forces and simplify the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) to ensure the optimum utilisation of funds. A notable aspect of this budget is the enhanced investment in border security and maritime capabilities against growing challenges as neighbouring countries, particularly the People’s Republic of China, continue to advance their military capabilities, including enhancements in air power and naval fleets.
What happened?
During the ongoing Israel-Gaza ceasefire, India has reignited diplomatic efforts to advance the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar discussed the project during his recent visit to UAE from January 27-29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The IMEC aims to create a trade route from India, the Middle East, and Europe, enhancing trade and infrastructure. Despite a delay due to the Israel-Gaza conflict, India views IMEC as vital for long-term strategic influence. A successful implementation could bolster India’s role in reshaping regional supply chains, enhancing energy security, and fostering alliances with key partners like the UAE and Saudi Arabia. The conflict in Gaza had stalled IMEC’s progress by disrupting Israel-Arab normalisation efforts critical to the corridor’s northern route, heightening security risks at key ports like Haifa, and diverting diplomatic focus to ceasefire negotiations over infrastructure planning.
What happened?
India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, while presenting the Union Budget on February 01, 2025, announced a bold target of developing 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity by 2047, with a strong emphasis on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), marking a strategic shift towards sustainable and clean energy solutions.
Why it matters to India:
The 100 GW nuclear power target is part of India’s broader vision to achieve energy security while reducing carbon emissions. The announcement of this major initiative in the Union Budget is designed to foster India’s energy transition efforts and move the country closer to its long-term goal of net-zero emissions by 2070. Introducing SMRs is central to this strategy, as they promise safer, more cost-effective, and scalable nuclear power generation. The government plans to amend the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act to accelerate the growth of India’s nuclear power sector. These amendments aim to encourage greater private sector participation, which will be essential for scaling up the nuclear energy infrastructure.
By setting ambitious goals for nuclear power, the government is signalling its commitment to reducing the nation’s carbon footprint and investing in clean energy solutions. While challenges remain in terms of implementing these plans, the focus on SMRs and the increased private sector involvement are expected to pave the way for a more sustainable, resilient energy system.
January 31, 2025
- → Trump Threatens BRICS. Again.
- → India To Develop a Foundational Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model
- → The Economic Survey 2024-25: Expected Growth Rate between 6.3-6.8 Percent
What happened?
In a post nearly identical to the one made in November, ahead of the 2024 US Presidential elections, President Trump stated, “We are going to require a commitment from these seemingly hostile Countries that they will neither create a new BRICS currency nor back any other currency to replace the mighty U.S. Dollar or, they will face 100% Tariffs…”
Why it matters to India:
As part of BRICS, India has somewhat backed the promotion of trade in local currencies, and the bloc has discussed ways to reduce reliance on the US dollar for many years. Such efforts were intensified in the wake of US sanctions on Russia in the aftermath of the Ukraine war and have been largely led by Moscow and Beijing. The global debate over the possibility of de-dollarization assumed further significance as BRICS expanded last year to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran and the UAE.
However, India is largely against a BRICS currency, in part due to its warines that such a move may strenghten China’s already considerable economic dominance within the group. On the other hand, President Trump’s now-repeated threat must also be seen in the context of a possible reconfiguration in India-US trade ties as New Delhi negotiates with a new White House. In the past, Trump has called India a “very big abuser” of trade policies. Meanwhile, India enjoys a trade surplus of $35.3 billion with the US, making it one of it’s most vital economic partnerships.
What happened?
Days after a Chinese AI lab took the world by surprise through the launch of a low-cost foundational AI model, DeepSeek, the GoI has decided to build a domestic large-language model (LLM) of its own within a few months as part of the Rs. 10,370 crore IndiaAI mission. The announcement was made by Indian IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, who also called for proposals to “develop our own foundational model” for “the Indian context, languages, culture, and devoid of biases.”
Why it matters to India:
As the global AI race heated up last week, with the US in the lead and China now closer behind, India’s announcement underscores a strategic imperative to make rapid gains in order to secure the country’s techno-economic future. Even as China demonstrated its AI prowess last week, it also revealed that the cost of competition in next-generation technology may be far lower than many previously thought. In turn, this arguably lowers the entry barrier for India to compete in AI technologies with other major powers.
Towards this end, the GoI has selected ten companies that will supply approximately 18,000 Graphic Processing units (GPUs) to develop an Indian foundational AI model and also announced its intention to launch a common compute facility in the “next few days”, which will enable start-ups and researchers to access advanced services at low-costs (relative to the global average). The same is a boost to the country’s ability to make AI-based innovations and deploy models.
What happened?
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tabled the Economic Survey 2024-25 in Lok Sabha, within six months from the last one, which was presented in July 2024. As per the same, India’s real GDP is expected to grow 6.5 percent in FY25, which remains relatively stable and close to the decadal average.
Why It matters to India:
As India doubles down on its ambition to become a $5 trillion economy over the next few years, the Economic Survey is a key document that annually indicates the state of the country’s macroeconomic health, as well as comprehensive analysis of fiscal trends, monetary policy, external trade, infrastructure developments, socio-economic policies and impact, and so on.
Among many other highlights, this year’s Survey showcased strength in the country’s agriculture sector, recovery of the industrial sector to above the pre-pandemic trajectory, and the softening of retail inflation from 5.4% to 4.9%. India’s gross FDI inflows also seemed to have somewhat revived, from $47.2 billion in FY 24 (first 8 months) to $55.6 billion in the same period of FY 25. Overall, the Survey argued that “the fundamentals of the domestic economy remain robust, with a strong external account, calibrated fiscal consolidation and stable private consumption,” but highlighted that India’s growth plans will require large investments in infrastructure.
January 30, 2025
- → India-UK Free Trade Agreement Talks to Restart
- → OpenAI Chief Sam Altman Schedules India Visit
- → UN General Assembly President’s Visit to India
- → Union Cabinet approves National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)
What happened?
Britain Finance Minister Rachel Reeves on 29th January told the reporter that Britain’s business and Trade secretary would visit India to restart the talks on the Free Trade Agreement Between India and the United Kingdom.
Why it Matters to India:
India and the U.K. have been in talks for an FTA since 2022, and several rounds of talks have already been done, but the momentum slowed down after the new government’s election in the U.K.
A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the UK is crucial for boosting trade, investment, and job creation. The UK is a key trading partner for India, and bilateral trade between them exceeds $20 billion. An FTA would eliminate tariffs, benefiting Indian exports like textiles, pharmaceuticals, IT services, and automobiles. It would also ease regulatory barriers for Indian firms, increasing market access. The UK is a major investor in India, and an FTA would attract more FDI, fostering growth in manufacturing and services.
What happened?
Sam Altman, OpenAI Chief, will visit India on February 5, 2025. This will be his first visit to India after 2023 when he visited PM Shri Narendra Modi to discuss the potential of India’s AI ecosystem.
Why it Matters to India:
Big tech giants are battling for territories and users with the AI race heating up. Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft and a partner of OpenAI, announced in the first week of January 2025 a 3 billion USD investment in AI Infrastructure in India. Sam’s visit also comes at at time when his company is facing lawsuits from Indian media companies for copyright infringement.
What Happened?
The United Nations General Assembly President, Mr Philemon Yang, will visit India from February 4 to 8, 2025. He is visiting following the request made by the Indian government.
Why it Matters to India:
President Yang will be visiting Delhi and Bangalore, and his itinerary includes a call with the President of India, Draupadi Murmu, and discussions with the External Affairs Minister, Dr S. Jaishankar. One of the main objectives of Yang’s visit is to strengthen multilateral cooperation with India on global issues, including international peace and security. He is also set to visit a health facility, the Infosys Campus and the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru. Every year, the UN General Assembly President visits India to strengthen ties. Last year, H.E. Dennis Francis was on his maiden visit to India.
What happened?
The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 29th January, approved the launch of the National Critical Mineral Mission with an outlay of Rs. 16,300 crore and additional investments worth 18,000 crore expected from Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
Why it Matters to India
The NCMM will institute a ‘whole of government’ approach to reduce India’s major import dependencies (particularly on China) for minerals vital to the country’s green energy transition and manufacturing sector. Importantly, it will enhance policy support to India’s PSUs and private sector across each segment of critical mineral value chains – exploration, extraction, beneficiation, and refinement, as well as recycling minerals to introduce ‘circularity’. Moreover, it will strengthen India’s ability to acquire resources abroad and cooperate with its international partners through frameworks such as the US-led Mineral Security Partnership.
January 29, 2025
- → Dr. S. Jaishankar’s remarks at Raisina Middle East, Abu Dhabi
- → India’s digital economy set to drive nearly 20% of GDP by 2029-30
- → ISRO marks 100th mission with successful launch of navigation satellite
- → Government of India unveils draft rules to standardise time across India
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), Dr. S. Jaishankar, delivered the keynote address at the inaugural Raisina Dialogue in Abu Dhabi on January 28, 2025, highlighting the growing importance of India-Middle East relations. He emphasised that India considers the Middle East as an extended neighbourhood with which India has fully reconnected.
Why it matters to India:
EAM’s remarks are noteworthy because, in recent years, India’s bilateral relations have deepened significantly, particularly with the Gulf countries. For example, trade between India and the Gulf has reached USD 160 to 180 billion annually, with more than 9 million Indians living and working in the region. Beyond energy, India’s strategic interests encompass infrastructure, defence, technology, fertilisers, and green energy projects, including green hydrogen and submarine cables. Dr. Jaishankar also mentioned that connectivity is central to regional cooperation. Initiatives like the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) are steps toward restoring disrupted natural linkages. Maritime security and humanitarian cooperation are also areas requiring collaborative mechanisms.
What Happened?
As per the State of India’s Digital Economy Report 2024, India’s digital economy will contribute nearly one-fifth of the national income by 2029-30, surpassing agriculture and manufacturing in less than six years. With an 11.74% share in GDP in 2022-23 (INR 31.64 lakh crore or USD 402 billion), the digital economy has emerged as a key driver of economic growth.
Why it matters to India?
As per the report, India is now the third-largest digitalised country globally in terms of economy-wide digitalisation and ranks 12th among G20 countries for individual user digitalisation. Key growth drivers include artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, cloud services, and the rise of global capability centres (GCCs), with India hosting 55% of the world’s GCCs. These centres, established by multinational corporations, provide research and development (R&D) services, IT support, and business process management. In 2022-23, the digital economy employed 14.67 million people, with 58.07% of these jobs in digital-enabling industries.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully completed its 100th launch from the Sriharikota spaceport with the lift-off of a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) carrying the NVS-02 satellite on January 29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The GSLV-F15 flight is the 17th mission of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and the 11th successful mission using an indigenous cryogenic stage. This flight also marks the 8th operational flight of GSLV, featuring the indigenous cryogenic stage.
The NVS-02 satellite is a crucial addition to India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system, a regional navigation satellite system designed to provide precise Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) services to users in India and regions up to 1,500 km beyond its borders. This launch updates India’s Regional Navigation Satellite System from four to five satellites, enhancing service reliability and performance.
What happened?
The Government of India’s Department of Consumer Affairs has introduced the Draft Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2025, to standardise timekeeping across India. Developed in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the rules require all sectors to adopt Indian Standard Time (IST) with millisecond accuracy, impacting industries such as telecommunications, banking, and navigation.
Why it matters to India:
The proposed rules are expected to offer numerous benefits, including enhanced precision and uniformity in time synchronisation across banking, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing sectors. This will lead to improved operational efficiency and better technological integration and will enhance global competitiveness.
Additionally, the adoption of IST will strengthen national security by improving the synchronisation of critical infrastructure and supporting real-time applications across sectors.
In the realm of digital governance, these rules will facilitate the reliable synchronisation of digital devices, navigation systems, and public services. It will also play an important role in ensuring accurate financial transactions and consistency in record-keeping and documentation.
With the new rules, India can benefit from greater precision in critical sectors such as navigation, telecommunications, internet services, banking, power grid synchronisation, 5G technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT).
January 28, 2025
- → UN Peacekeeping Chief thanks India and other troops contributors in Congo
- → India and China agree to resume direct flights
- → Phone call between the Indian Prime Minister and U.S. President
- → India and Oman push forward with CEPA negotiations
What happened?
UN Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix expressed gratitude to India and other nations contributing troops to the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) following the deaths of three peacekeepers last week. Countries like South Africa, Malawi, and Uruguay reported that on January 25, 2025, soldiers from their armies were killed while attempting to halt the advance of M23 rebel fighters in eastern DRC.
Why it matters to India:
India has been a key contributor to the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), deploying 1,114 troops and 160 police personnel. Indian peacekeepers have played a vital role in maintaining stability, protecting civilians, and supporting regional humanitarian efforts. With 21 personnel lost since the mission’s inception in 2010, ensuring their safety remains a top priority for India. The recent deaths and the capture of Goma, a major eastern city of DRC, by M23 rebels underscore the ongoing instability, highlighting the urgent need for stronger international cooperation and more effective peacekeeping strategies.
What happened?
India and China have agreed in principle to resume direct flights between the two nations, nearly five years after the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent political-military tensions. The announcement on January 27, 2025, came at the conclusion of a visit to Beijing by India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri.
Why it matters to India:
Mr Misri’s trip to Beijing was to follow up on a series of “people-centric steps to stabilise and rebuild ties,” according to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). A statement from MEA confirmed that the visit yielded an agreement “in principle to resume direct air services between the two countries.” The rapprochement also included agreements on improving access for journalists from both sides and facilitating Indian pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar in Tibet.
What happened?
On January 27, 2025, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with U.S. President Donald J. Trump and congratulated him on his historic second term as the 47th President of the United States. This was the first phone call between the two leaders since President Trump’s inauguration on January 20, 2025.
Why it matters:
According to a statement from India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to a mutually beneficial and trusted partnership. They discussed various aspects of the wide-ranging bilateral comprehensive global strategic partnership and measures to advance it, including technology, trade, investment, energy, and defence. The two leaders also exchanged views on global issues, including the situation in West Asia and Ukraine, and reiterated their commitment to work together to promote global peace, prosperity, and security. Notably, the White House’s official statement also mentioned plans for Prime Minister Modi to visit the White House.
What happened?
India’s Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, began his official visit to Oman to attend the 11th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) with his Omani counterpart from January 27–28, 2025. The discussions primarily will be focused on advancing negotiations for the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), strengthening bilateral trade and investment ties, and identifying new avenues for collaboration.
Why it matters to India:
The visit highlights India’s commitment to enhancing its trade and investment ties with Oman, an important partner within the Gulf Cooperation Council. Bilateral trade between the two nations reached $8.94 billion in 2023-24, reflecting the depth of their economic relationship.
The CEPA negotiations, which are at an advanced stage, are expected to gain further traction during the visit. Both sides aim for a balanced, commercially significant, mutually beneficial agreement reflecting their shared economic priorities.
January 27, 2025
- → Indian Foreign Secretary and Chinese Foreign Minister hold talks in Beijing
- → U.S. President suspends all foreign aid, including to India.
- → External Affairs Minister to visit UAE
- → Key outcomes of the state visit of the President of Indonesia to India
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary (FS) Vikram Misri, during his ongoing official visit to China, held discussions with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on 27 January 2025. The Chinese readout of the Misri-Yi meeting stated that both sides discussed the meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Kazan last December 2024. The discussions also focused on restarting practical cooperation, the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties, and India’s extended support for China’s Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Presidency.
Why it matters to India
The ongoing visit of India’s FS comes just over a month after India’s National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on 18 December 2024, in the backdrop of a border patrolling arrangement announced on 21 October 2025. The meeting marks a continuation of discussions between India and China to address political, economic, and people-to-people aspects of their relationship. According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) statement, this resumption of dialogue between the two sides aligns with agreements at the leadership level to explore the next steps in bilateral relations.
What happened?
The United States has announced the suspension of all foreign aid (putting a hold on such aid for 90 days) and ordered a review of American financial assistance to other countries to ensure it is efficient and consistent with its foreign policy under the America First agenda. The U.S. State Department has issued a halt to nearly all existing foreign assistance and paused new aid, according to an internal memo sent to officials and US embassies abroad. It makes exceptions only for emergency food aid and military funding for Israel and Egypt.
Why it matters to India
In the backdrop of U.S. President Donald Trump signing an executive order on his first day in office that no further foreign assistance will be disbursed in a manner that is not fully aligned with foreign policy, the U.S. mission in India has reported that it started a “review” to ensure their existing grants comply with executive orders. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) partners with India to address critical development challenges through the US government’s Feed the Future, Global Health, and Global Climate Change initiatives. The announcement is likely to impact programmes on the environment, health, and other such initiatives run by the US embassy and the USAID in India for decades.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) Dr S. Jaishankar will pay an official visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 27–29 January 2025.
Why it matters to India
During this upcoming visit, the EAM will meet the leadership of the UAE to review the close partnership between the two countries and explore avenues to further enhance the bilateral relationship. The EAM will also deliver the keynote address at the inaugural session of Raisina Middle East to be held in Abu Dhabi. The visit will provide an opportunity to advance the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the two countries and add new momentum to the India-UAE relationship.
What happened?
The Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto paid a state visit to India from 23–26 January 2025. He also attended the celebrations of India’s 76th Republic Day as the Chief Guest. The visit yielded significant outcomes aimed at strengthening bilateral ties across diverse sectors. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi described Indonesia an “important partner” for India in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Indo-Pacific.
Why it matters to India
In a special briefing by India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on 25 January 2025, Secretary (East) outlined key outcomes of the State visit. For instance, both sides signed important Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) in critical areas such as health cooperation, maritime safety, traditional medicine, and digital development.
Further, the emphasis on defence collaboration, particularly joint exercises and potential defence manufacturing, highlighted Indonesia’s interest in leveraging India’s expertise in maintenance and shipbuilding. Indonesia also announced the opening of its infrastructure sector to Indian investments and encouraged collaboration in ports, railways, and airports.
Among other areas, education and healthcare emerged as priority sectors, with plans for Indonesian students and doctors to train in India and for Indian institutions to explore opportunities in Indonesia. Overall, the Indonesian President’s visit not only reaffirmed India’s Act East policy but also positioned the two nations as critical partners in the region’s geopolitical and economic framework.
January 24, 2025
- → India’s Foreign Secretary to visit China
- → Indonesian President’s visit to India
- → Launch of SANJAY – Battlefield Surveillance System
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary, Shri Vikram Misri, will be visiting Beijing on 26-27 January 2025 for a meeting of the Foreign Secretary-Vice Minister mechanism between India and China.
Why it matters to India:
The announcement of the visit comes just over a month after India’s National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on December 18, 2024, in the backdrop of a border patrolling arrangement that was announced on October 21, 2025, followed by a meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia on October 23, 2025.
The meeting marks a continuation of discussions between India and China to address political, economic, and people-to-people aspects of their relationship. According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) statement, this resumption of dialogue between the two sides aligns with agreements at the leadership level to explore the next steps in bilateral relations.
What happened?
Indonesia’s President Prabowo Subianto landed in India on January 23, 2025, for his official visit as Chief Guest for India’s 2025 Republic Day Parade. This is the fourth time an Indonesian President will be the chief guest on India’s Republic Day after 2018, 2011, and 1950.
Why it matters to India:
The Indonesian President’s visit to India is symbolic of the growing strategic partnership between the two countries. In his meetings with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, expected on January 25, the agenda will focus on food, energy and health security, alongside defence deals, including Brahmos, for which Indonesia is keen to have the transfer of technology.
What happened?
In a major step toward modernising the Indian Army’s surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities, India’s Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) in New Delhi on January 24, 2025.
Why its matters to India:
According to a press release from the Ministry of Defence—the system will significantly improve battlefield transparency, giving the Army’s Command and Headquarters an accurate, real-time view to support decision-making through a centralised web application. The system will act as a crucial force multiplier in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations, enhancing the Army’s ability to operate in conventional and sub-conventional operations within a network-centric environment. The system’s launch signifies a major step toward data-driven and network-centric warfare for Indian armed forces.
January 23, 2025
- → WEF report: India leads in tech-driven growth
- → Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) set to commission a green hydrogen plant
- → India’s External Affairs Ministry to Organise Technology Dialogue 2025
- → India opens to legitimate return of undocumented Indians: Jaishankar
What happened?
According to a World Economic Forum (WEF) report, India stands at the forefront as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and a global hub for startups and digital innovation. The Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) India, a part of the WEF, released its six-year impact journey report at the WEF Annual Meeting on January 20, 2025.
Why it matters to India
The WEF report highlights India’s growing leadership in leveraging emerging technologies for societal transformation. It showcases how C4IR India has driven impactful AI, agriculture, healthcare, and urban development initiatives, directly improving the lives of over 1.25 million citizens. By outlining ambitious future goals, such as scaling these technologies to reach 10 million citizens and advancing climate, space, and aerial mobility solutions, the report underscores India’s role as a global hub for innovation.
What happened?
In an important step towards sustainability, the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) is set to commission its green hydrogen plant in Panipat, Haryana, within the next two years. This was revealed by IOC’s Chairman Arvinder Singh Sahney at the World Economic Forum 2025 in Davos, Switzerland.
Why it matters to India
The plant, when commissioned, will have a production capacity of 10,000 tons per annum. The plant aims to bolster India’s green energy mission, contributing to a sustainable and carbon-neutral future.
What happened?
The Ministry is organising the inaugural edition of “Technology Dialogue” from 24-25 January 2025 in Bengaluru, in collaboration with the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India and the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.
Why it matters to India
The event will be the first of its kind. Track 1.5 Dialogue will be organised, focusing on technology policy and partnerships. The theme of the inaugural edition of the Dialogue is “Exploring New Frontiers in Technology Diplomacy”. Over the course of the Dialogue, senior policymakers, industry leaders, scientists and scholars will deliberate on key issues relating to the technology domain, including India’s international technology engagements, leveraging strategic partnerships on critical and emerging technologies, with a focus on developments in Quantum Advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semiconductors, Space and Bioeconomy.
What happened?
Addressing a press conference on January 22, 2025, in Washington D.C., India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), S. Jaishankar, clarified India’s stance on its citizens residing ‘illegally’ abroad. He stated that India is prepared to facilitate the fair and lawful return of its citizens living unlawfully in the United States or other countries. This statement comes in the context of EAM’s first bilateral meeting with the new U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, on January 21, 2025, wherein the U.S. side flagged the issue of ‘irregular migration’ from India.
Why it matters to India
Having high stakes in promoting the ‘legal’ mobility of Indian talent and skill-based global workforce, EAM S. Jaishankar’s comments appear to signal the U.S. about India’s willingness to address the issue of illegal mobility and illegal migration. He insisted that India has always been open to the legitimate return of undocumented Indians, noting that New Delhi is still in the process of verifying those from the US who can be deported to India.
January 22, 2025
- → Joint Statement by Quad Foreign Ministers
- → U.S. Secretary of State Rubio’s First Bilateral Meeting with India’s EAM
- → Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Advisor Visits China
- → Key Outcomes from India’s Recent Engagements with the Philippines, Palau, and the Federated States of Micronesia
What happened?
Quad foreign ministers from the U.S., India, Japan, and Australia met on January 22, 2025. The group reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening a free and open Indo-Pacific through a joint statement.
Why it matters to India
This maiden Quad foreign ministers’ meeting in 2025 marked the first significant foreign policy event of the newly inaugurated Trump administration and the new U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio. During the meeting, Quad ministers agreed to New Delhi’s plan to host the summit this year, with planned visits by Quad leaders to India. Through a joint statement, the Quad reiterated their shared commitment to fostering a free and open Indo-Pacific where “sovereignty and territorial integrity are upheld and defended” and cautioned against “any unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force.”
What happened?
Newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State (SoS) Marco Rubio met India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar for their first bilateral meeting on January 21, 2025. Both sides reviewed the extensive bilateral partnership and reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening U.S.-India ties.
Why it matters to India
The decision of the U.S. Secretary of State to choose his Indian counterpart for his first bilateral meeting underscores the importance of the new Trump administration’s focus on strengthening relations with India. The discussions centred on critical and emerging technologies, defence cooperation, energy, and advancing a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Notably, the official U.S. readout of the meeting highlighted the Trump administration’s desire to work with India to advance economic ties and address concerns related to irregular migration.
What happened?
Bangladesh’s interim government’s Advisor for Foreign Affairs, Md Touhid Hossain, is visiting China from January 20 to 24, 2025. During his visit, Hossain has held discussions with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. The discussions primarily focused on the issue of Chinese debt owed by Bangladesh.
Why it matters to India
Amid the political crisis in Bangladesh since August 2024, China has intensified its diplomatic activities in the country. For instance, Chinese representatives have held meetings with student leaders and political party representatives who played a key role in toppling Sheikh Hasina’s government. Notably, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 73% of Bangladesh’s military imports between 2010 to 2020 came from China. Bangladesh also owes over $6 billion in debt to China. Therefore, Advisor Touhid Hossain’s decision to choose China for his first bilateral visit, reaffirming Bangladesh’s commitment to China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China’s decision to extend Bangladesh’s loan repayment period appear to signal the growing influence of China in the neighbourhood, which is a concern for India.
What happened?
India’s Minister of State (MoS) for External Affairs, Pabitra Margherita, completed his visit to the Philippines, the Republic of Palau, and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from January 14 to 21, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
These visits by India’s MoS highlights India’s efforts to strengthen its Act East Policy and broaden its vision for the Indo-Pacific region. In a statement issued on January 22, 2025, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) outlined the key outcomes of the visit. For instance, during MoS visit to the Philippines, the discussions were held with key leaders marking the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In Palau, the MoS attended the presidential inauguration, discussed bilateral cooperation, and gifted water tanks for harvesting rainwater to support local development. In FSM, MoS held extensive talks with leaders to enhance bilateral ties and development cooperation. The MoS also had a short stopover in Guam, a U.S. territory, where he interacted with the local Indian community.
January 21, 2025
- → The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue
- → India- France Bilateral Meeting
- → U.S. President threatened BRICS with high tariffs
- → U.S. President Trump’s Executive Orders
- → India nominated to two important UN Panels
What happened?
The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue was held in New Delhi on 14 January 2025. It was co-chaired by Pavan Kapoor, Deputy National Security Advisor, and Alice Rufo, Director General for International Relations and Strategy, Ministry for the Armed Forces, France. The discussions primarily focused on enhancing bilateral cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
Why it matters to India
The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue is significant for India as it reinforced the strategic partnership between India and France in the IOR, underscoring India’s commitment to regional stability and sustainable ocean governance. Notably, both India and France share a vision for a free and open Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Both sides agreed to develop a joint assessment of the threats to maritime security in the region and agreed to work jointly towards countering illicit maritime activities–including piracy and armed robbery, maritime terrorism, contraband smuggling, illegal unreported and unregulated fishing along with tackling hybrid as well as cyber security threats and marine pollution.
What happened?
India and France held foreign office consultations in Paris on 20th January 2025. The meeting was co-chaired by the Foreign Secretary of India, Vikram Misri and the Secretary-General of the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, Anne-Marie Descôtes. During the meeting, both sides reviewed their past cooperation efforts and discussed the roadmap for India-France Horizon 2047.
Why it Matters to India
Horizon 2047 is a strategic roadmap launched by India and France in July 2023 to deepen their bilateral partnership over the next 25 years, culminating in 2047, which marks 100 years of India’s independence. The discussions focused upon—artificial intelligence, civil nuclear energy, cultural ties, institutional dialogue mechanisms, among others. Both sides have reached an agreement to expand the partnership in high-end technology sectors. There were also discussions on climate change, the environment, and health.
What happened?
U.S. President Donald Trump once again threatened BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) with high tariffs if the group tried to replace the usage of the dollar in global trade.
Why it Matters to India
Globally, countries have been making efforts to reduce their dependence on the U.S.-led financial system. There have been deliberations within BRICS for conducting trade transactions in the regional currencies. For instance, in 2022, during the Ukraine-Russia war, the Reserve Bank of India permitted the usage of Indian rupees as currency in payments of international trade.
What happened?
The new U.S. President, Donald Trump, signed his first set of executive orders on his first day in office after taking oath on January 20, 2025. Some of the noteworthy executive orders include the withdrawal of the USA from the Paris Agreement, the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the restriction of birthright citizenship.
Why it Matters to India
Donald Trump’s executive orders could have significant implications for India across various domains. His decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement will weaken global climate finance and support mechanisms, which are crucial for India’s clean energy transitions and climate resilience efforts. In the realm of global health, Trump’s move to withdraw U.S. funding from the World Health Organization (WHO) disrupted international health initiatives, indirectly affecting India’s ability to combat pandemics, access vaccines, and benefit from coordinated global health strategies. Additionally, his executive orders restricting birthright citizenship in the U.S. created legal uncertainties for Indian migrants, particularly those with children born in America, potentially reducing the opportunities for Indians to secure U.S. citizenship through family ties.
What happened?
In January 2025, India was nominated to the United Nations Statistical Council and the UN Committee of Experts on Big Data Science for official statistics (UN-CEBD). India will help formulate global practices to use data science in official statistics.
Why it Matters to India
India’s membership in the UN Statistical Council and nomination to the UN-CEBD bolster its global statistical reputation, enabling it to influence global norms on big data. It highlights India’s advancements in AI, satellite imagery, and alternate data for policymaking while reflecting domestic reforms to standardize and modernize statistical systems. In the election held in April 2023 by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), India got 46 votes out of 53 for the membership of the United Nations Statistical Council.
January 20, 2025
- → Quad Foreign Ministers at Trump Inauguration
- → 5th Meeting of the India-Italy Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism and Organised Crime
- → India’s Commerce Minister Visits EU
What happened?
Soon after President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on 20 January 2025, the foreign ministers of Australia, India, and Japan will gather in Washington D.C. for an important diplomatic meeting with the U.S. Secretary of State-designate, Marco Rubio.
Why it matters to India
Scheduled for 21 January 2025, this meeting marks the first major diplomatic event of the Trump presidency. It is expected to underscore the Quad’s commitment to maintaining a stable, secure, and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. The meeting will also provide an opportunity to address concerns about a potential shift in U.S. foreign policy under the second Trump administration.
What happened?
The 5th meeting of the India-Italy Joint Working Group (JWG) on Counter Terrorism and Organised Crime was held on 16-17 January 2025 in Rome, Italy. The meeting was co-chaired by Mr. K.D. Dewal, Joint Secretary for Counter-Terrorism in the Ministry of External Affairs, and Mr Alessandro Azzoni, Senior Deputy Director for Political Affairs and Director for Security at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Why it matters to India
This meeting is significant for enhancing bilateral cooperation in tackling terrorism and organised crime. Discussions on emerging threats, misuse of technology, and capacity building reflect India’s strategic focus on international collaboration. Strengthening ties with Italy and reaffirming commitments in multilateral forums like the United Nations (UN) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) bolsters India’s global counterterrorism efforts and its role in ensuring regional and international security.
What happened?
India’s Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal, met with Maroš Šefčovič, European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, for a High-Level Dialogue from 18-19 January 2025 in Brussels. Minister Goyal outlined six principles to strengthen the India-EU partnership: focusing on shared values, equitable trade, harmonised standards, resilient supply chains, sustainable development, and leveraging India’s technological potential.
Why it matters to India
The visit of India’s Commerce and Industry Minister to the EU is significant in the context of ongoing India-EU FTA negotiations. Both sides emphasised creating a robust Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and addressing pending trade issues. They directed their negotiating teams to expedite consultations and review progress under the India-EU Trade and Technology Council. Bilateral trade between India and the EU accounted for over USD 180 billion in 2023-24, and the EU remains a major source of Foreign Direct Investment into India, contributing USD 117.34 billion.
January 18, 2025
- → India and U.S. sign MoU on Cybercrime investigations
- → Union Cabinet approves establishing a ‘Third Launch Pad (TLP)’ at Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
- → Russia and Iran sign Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty
- → Jaishankar delivers Nani Palkhivala Memorial Lecture
What happened?
India and the US signed an MoU to enhance cooperation in cybercrime investigations on 17 January 2025 in Washington, DC. The MoU was signed by Ambassador of India to the United States, Shri Vinay Kwatra and Ms. Kristie Canegallo, the Acting United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS).
Why it matters to India
The MoU would allow the respective agencies of the two countries to step up the level of cooperation and training with respect to the use of cyber threat intelligence and digital forensics in criminal investigations.
What happened?
In a significant decision, India’s Union cabinet approved the plan to establish the Third Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Why it matters to India
This proposed third launch pad (TLP) will greatly enhance India’s national capacity to undertake human spaceflight & space exploration missions. The launchpad is to be established within 4 years.
What happened?
On January 17, 2025, Russia and Iran signed a twenty-year strategic partnership treaty in Moscow. According to Iranian and Russian officials, this newly signed “comprehensive strategic partnership treaty” covers areas ranging from trade and military cooperation to science, culture, and education.
Why it matters to India?
India shares cordial and friendly relations with Russia and Iran bilaterally and under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) multilateral framework. Notably, India also has a stake in the North-South Transport Corridor (NSTC), which Russia and Iran are now actively collaborating to complete as part of a newly signed strategic partnership treaty. The ambitious 7,200-km-long trade corridor seeks to link Russia’s Baltic Sea coast to India’s western ports in the Arabian Sea through Azerbaijan and Iran. Iran and Russia are critical regional partners for India.
What happened?
Delivering his 1st significant foreign policy lecture for the new year 2025, External affairs minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar delivered the 19th Nani A. Palkivala Memorial Lecture in Mumbai on January 18, 2025.
Why it matters to India
In his lecture, Dr. S. Jaishankar spoke in length about the wide expanse of areas covered in the ambit of Indian foreign policy and underlined India’s diplomatic approach in the last decade. EAM argued that “India’s approach can be summed up in terms… mutual respect, mutual sensitivity, and mutual interest.” Deliberating further on India’s image in the world, EAM stated that the “[g]rowing on the tradition of openness, we see our position as that of the Vishwabandhu, a reliable partner and a dependable friend. Our endeavour is to maximise friendships and minimise problems”. EAM suggested that this is done by taking India’s interests into consideration.
January 17, 2025
- → India to tap private sector investment in nuclear power
- → India-Czech Republic Foreign Office consultations
- → India’s Union Cabinet approved aircraft leasing bill
- → Singapore President’s visit to Odisha
What happened?
India’s Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), the country’s state-owned nuclear power operator, has issued a request for proposals (RFP) inviting Indian industries to finance and construct a fleet of 220 MW Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs). These reactors are intended for both captive use and power sales in accordance with government regulations. This initiative aligns with India’s goal of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2070, contributing to reducing the nation’s carbon footprint.
Why it matters to India
The release of the RFP follows a statement by Minister of State Jitendra Singh on December 4, 2024, which outlined the government’s vision for Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs).
Additionally, India’s Union Budget of July 2024 had announced plans to open the nuclear sector to private investment, specifically for the development of BSRs. This move marks a significant step in India’s strategy to involve private enterprises in the nuclear sector. It also sends a positive message to India’s international partners, including the U.S., showcasing its commitment to modernising its energy infrastructure and fostering international collaboration.
What happened?
On January 15, 2025, India and the Czech Republic held their 8th round of Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) in New Delhi. The meeting was co-chaired by Shri M. Anand Prakash, Joint Secretary (Central Europe) at India’s Ministry of External Affairs, and Ms. Katerina Sequensova, Director General of the Non-European Countries, Economic and Development Cooperation Section at the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Why it matters to India
Last year, in January 2024, India and the Czech Republic agreed to elevate their relationship in innovative sectors to a Strategic Partnership on Innovation. Both sides conducted a comprehensive review of bilateral, regional, and international issues during the FOC talks. The discussions focused on progress in political relations, including exchanging high-level visits, trade and investment, cooperation in science and technology, defence partnerships, and people-to-people contacts, particularly through student mobility between the two countries.
What happened?
As part of key reforms in India’s civil aviation sector, the Union Cabinet approved the Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2024, on January 17, 2025. This bill aims to lower leasing and financing costs for Indian carriers, which is expected to reduce airfares. Currently, the majority of commercial aircraft in India are leased. The bill will now be presented to Parliament for approval.
Why it matters to India:
Once enacted, the bill will ratify the Cape Town Convention, a global treaty that secures the rights of lessors to repossess high-value equipment, such as aircraft, helicopters, and engines, in the event of payment defaults. Although India is a signatory to the convention, it has not yet been ratified by Parliament. This legislation will enable the Indian government to establish rules for implementing the convention and its protocols, boosting lessor confidence in the Indian civil aviation sector. Consequently, this is expected to lower lending costs and positively impact airfares.
What happened?
Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam is visiting the Indian coastal state of Odisha as part of his ongoing visit to India from January 17-18, 2025. At least eight Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) will be signed during this visit, focusing on skill development, industrial infrastructure, and sustainable energy.
Why it matters to India
Singapore has previously partnered with Indian states such as Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. The current focus on Odisha represents Singapore’s effort to broaden its partnerships in India, particularly in the semiconductor sector. For instance, an MoU will be signed with Odisha to extend cooperation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), aiming to enhance the skill development ecosystem for the semiconductor industry in the state.
January 16, 2025
- → India welcomes Israel-Hamas ceasefire announcement
- → India, Bangladesh to hold talks on border fencing and infiltration
- → Indonesian President to be the chief guest at India’s Republic Day celebrations.
- → ISRO successfully docks satellites as part of the SpaDeX Mission
- → U.S. lifts decades-old restrictions on three Indian entities
What happened?
India expressed its support for the recently announced ceasefire and hostage release agreement between Israel and Hamas that will come into effect from January 19, 2025.
Why it matters to India
Issuing a statement on January 16, 2025, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), while welcoming “the announcement of the agreement for the release of hostages and a ceasefire in Gaza,” reiterated India’s long-standing position of calling for the release of all hostages, a ceasefire, and a return to diplomacy and dialogue. The Israel-Hamas ceasefire is crucial for India’s interests in the Middle East, such as the safety and well-being of its diaspora, and most notably for its plans to push for the Middle East Europe corridor.
What happened?
India and Bangladesh will hold a four-day Director General (DG)-level meeting with discussions on border fencing and infiltration to be among top agenda. The 55th edition of these bi-annual talks will take place between February 16-19, led by India’s Border Security Force (BSF) DG and Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) chief. This will be the first such meeting since the ouster of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 05, 2024.
Why it matters to India
This twice postponed meeting is taking place in the backdrop of ongoing border tensions between the two sides on the construction of fences along the international border, which resulted in both sides summoning each other’s High Commissioners recently. While Bangladesh has expressed “deep concern” about India’s fence construction along the border, India, on the other hand, insisted that it is following all the protocols and agreements regarding “security measures at the border.”
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), in a statement on January 16, 2025, announced that “[a]t the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, President of the Republic of Indonesia H.E Prabowo Subianto will pay a State Visit to India during 25-26 January 2025. President Prabowo will also be the Chief Guest for India’s 76th Republic Day celebrations.”
Why it matters to India
A comprehensive strategic partner, Indonesia is an important pillar in India’s Act East Policy and its vision for the Indo-Pacific. Notably, Indonesia formally joined the BRICS, an intergovernmental organisation, on January 6, 2025. Indonesia has also formally expressed interest in acquiring the BrahMos missile system from India in the backdrop of China’s assertive actions in the South China Sea. The $450 million deal will be discussed during Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to India.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced the successful completion of the docking of the SpaceX satellites on January 16, 2025.
Why it matters to India
The docking procedure was postponed several times due to technical issues, but now, with the successful docking of satellites, India has become the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to accomplish the feat. The success of SpaceX is vital for India’s space ambitions and also opens new frontiers for the Indian military’s space-based programmes. It is pertinent to note that docking technology enables larger space structures, satellite refuelling, long-term maintenance, and sustainable exploration. It also supports sample return missions and reduces space debris, making space operations safer and more efficient.
What happened?
The United States Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) on January 15, 2025, removed three prominent Indian government-run entities—Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), and Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)—from the Entity List, paving the way for advanced energy cooperation between the U.S. and India. Notably, following India’s nuclear tests in 1998, the U.S. had imposed an embargo on Indian atomic energy companies.
Why it mattered to India
The decision comes in the backdrop of the January 06, 2025 visit of U.S. National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan to India, wherein he had announced that the U.S. was finalising the necessary steps for the removal of regulations that had prevented civil nuclear cooperation between India’s leading nuclear entities and U.S. companies. The move marks a significant step in operationalising the 2008 nuclear deal, strengthening US-India relations and expanding joint efforts in nuclear and space technologies.
January 15, 2025
- → India, Oman hold fifth round of talks for proposed FTA
- → India well positioned as global hub for data centres
- → Indian Navy commissions three frontline combatants
- → Top Bangladeshi military official is on a rare visit to Pakistan
- → India raises concerns with Russia over the death of an Indian national
- → Russia bats for India’s inclusion in the Afghanistan Quad
What happened?
On January 13, 2025, India and Oman held a two-day fifth round of talks for a proposed free trade agreement (FTA). The first round of formal negotiations for the agreement, officially dubbed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), were held in November 2023. Despite progress, the earlier negotiations hit a roadblock amid differences over market access for petrochemical products.
Why it matters to India
A comprehensive trade deal with Oman is a part of India’s keenness to improve its relations with West Asian nations. Oman is part of the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and bilateral trade between India and Oman has reached $8.9 billion in the financial year 2023-24. Among the GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE), India already has a trade agreement with the UAE, which was signed in February 2022.
What happened?
India’s Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal, has emphasised India’s potential to become a global hub for data centres. Speaking at the Thuglak 55th-year anniversary program in Chennai on January 14, 2025, the Minister highlighted Government of India’s efforts to enhance country’s infrastructure and boosting investments in the technology sector.
Why it matters to India
Minister Piyush Goyal’s remarks underline India’s progress in strengthening its energy infrastructure. For instance, the Minister highlighted that India’s interconnected power grid, established within three years by the Union Government, has eliminated cost differences between northern and southern regions. He further noted that India’s ability to provide green and reliable energy solutions has drawn global attention, creating opportunities in areas such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and technology-driven businesses.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated three frontline naval combatants to the nation upon their commissioning on January 15, 2025. These naval combatants –Nilgiri, the lead ship of the Project 17A stealth frigate class; Surat, the fourth and final ship of the Project 15B stealth destroyer class; and Vaghsheer, the sixth and final submarine of the Scorpene-class project, were commissioned at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai.
Why it matters to India
All three platforms have been designed and constructed entirely at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai, a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in the critical domain of defence production. A statement from the prime minister’s office stated that the commissioning of the three major naval combatants marks a significant leap in realising India’s vision of becoming a global leader in defence manufacturing and maritime security.
What happened?
A top Bangladeshi military official—Lieutenant General Kamarul Hassan, Principal Staff Officer (PSO) of the Armed Forces Division of Bangladesh, is on a rare visit to Pakistan and held meetings with senior Pakistan military leadership at the General Headquarters in (GHQ) in Rawalpindi on January 14, 2025. As per Pakistan’s Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the discussions focused on matters of “mutual strategic interest” wherein both sides explored avenues for enhancing bilateral defence cooperation.
Why it matters to India
This latest visit underscores an ongoing shift in bilateral ties between Bangladesh and Pakistan since former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina stepped down. Noteworthy, this visit by a top Bangladeshi military official to Pakistan took place in the backdrop of India’s deteriorating ties
with Bangladesh, with most recently both sides summoning each other’s top envoys. Under Mohammad Yunus’ leadership, Bangladesh’s interim government has undertaken a number of steps to strengthen ties with Pakistan, which are perceived as detrimental to India’s security concerns.
What happened?
On January 14, 2025, India ‘strongly’ raised the matter with Russia of the killing of Indian national Binil Babu, a native of Kerala’s Thrissur, who was killed due to a drone attack while fighting on Russia-Ukraine war frontlines.
Why it mattered to India
This incident underscores the ongoing issue of Indian nationals being recruited into Russia’s armed forces—many of whom were allegedly duped by fake recruiters. Back in October 2024, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri had stated that 85 Indians had been discharged from the Russian military and efforts were on the secure the release of 20 more. Since then, India has been pressing Russia for an early discharge of all the remaining Indian nationals in the Russian armed forces.
What happened?
On January 14, 2025, Russia’s foreign minister Sergei Lavrov called for the inclusion of India in the Quad grouping on Afghanistan, which currently has China, Pakistan, Iran and Russia as members. This four-country Quad group is focused towards stabilising and aiding Afghanistan.
Why it matters to India
The last time, the Afghan Quad countries met at the foreign ministers’ level back in November 2024 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly. The Russian foreign minister’s comments are significant at a time when India has increased its engagement with the Taliban government in Kabul. On January 8, 2025, Indian foreign secretary Vikram Misri and Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi met in Dubai and discussed Chabahar port and Indian humanitarian assistance, among other issues.
January 14, 2025
- → 5G connectivity at Siachen Glacier
- → India sends second tranche of food grain assistance to Lesotho
- → Visit of MoS for External Affairs to the Philippines, Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia
- → India commemorates 150 years of its meteorological department
- → Visit of External Affairs Minister to Spain
What happened?
In the run-up to Army Day on January 15, 2025, Reliance JIO (private sector telecom giant), in partnership with the Indian Army’s Fire and Fury Corps, announced the successful installation of a 5G base station at Siachen glacier.
Why it matters to India
The move will enable high-speed internet connectivity for Indian soldiers posted at 16,000 feet in the Karakoram range. The area, which is often referred to as the world’s highest battleground, is characterised by extreme weather conditions, with temperatures plummeting to as much as -50 degrees Celsius. This development underscores the Indian army’s use of new technological advancements in partnership with the private sector to secure India’s defences in border regions.
What happened?
India dispatched a second tranche of consignment on January 13, 2025, to the southern African nation of Lesotho. The assistance comprises 1000 metric tonnes of sorghum (jowar) to help tackle Lesotho’s food shortage crisis as a result of El Niño-induced drought.
Why it matters to India
The food grain assistance underscores India’s commitment to South-South cooperation and solidarity with the southern African nation. Previously, in December 2024, India dispatched 1000 metric tonnes of rice to Lesotho.
What happened?
India’s Minister of State (MoS) for External Affairs, Shri Pabitra Margherita, will visit the Philippines, the Republic of Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from 14-21 January 2025.
Why it matters to India
According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), MoS Margherita’s visit to the Philippines on 14 January 2025 will coincide with the 75th anniversary of India-Philippines bilateral relations. On 16 January, in the Republic of Palau, Margherita will attend the swearing-in ceremony of President Surangel Whipps Jr. and will also meet with Palau’s
leadership to discuss development projects undertaken by India in the country. On 18 January, Margherita will travel to the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) for the first-ever ministerial-level visit from India. Overall, these official visits to the Indo-Pacific region are part of India’s ongoing efforts to strengthen its Act East Policy and broader vision for the Indo-Pacific.
What happened?
India is commemorating 150 years of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Established in 1875 during the British colonial era, the IMD will complete 150 years of service on 15th January 2025. To mark this historic occasion, India has also invited officials from countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh (who were part of undivided British India) and other neighbouring countries like Nepal, Afghanistan, Myanmar, etc.
Why it matters to India
On January 14, 2025, while describing IMD as a symbol of India’s scientific journey, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled ‘Mission Mausam’ and released IMD’s Vision-2047 document for weather resilience and climate change adaptation in a push towards making India a climate-smart nation while underscoring India’s commitment towards a sustainable future and climate readiness. It is worth noting that IMD’s flash flood guidance system has been providing critical information to neighbouring countries, including Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, over the years.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, is on a two-day visit to Spain from 13 to 14 January 2025. This will be his first visit as India’s External Affairs Minister to Spain.
Why it matters to India
During this ongoing visit, India and Spain announced signing two key agreements—one focused on sports and the other on sustainable urban development. Both sides stated that 2026 would be designated a “dual year” to celebrate India-Spain collaboration in culture, artificial intelligence, and tourism. Notably, Dr. S. Jaishankar was also invited by Spain’s Foreign Minister to address the Spanish ambassadors at a global conference, which underscored the growing significance of India’s role on the global stage.
January 13, 2025
- → India’s Union Minister of Coal & Mines to visit Saudi Arabia
- → EAM Jaishankar to represent India at Trump’s swearing-in ceremony
- → Maha Kumbh Mela – 2025
- → India and Bangladesh summon each other’s top envoys
What happened?
India’s Union Minister of Coal & Mines, Shri G. Kishan Reddy, will visit Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 14-16, 2025. He will attend the Ministerial Round Table at the Future Minerals Forum 2025, a global event focused on mineral supply chains and energy transition. During the visit, Shri Reddy will also meet with mining ministers from various countries and interact with the Indian diaspora in Riyadh.
Why it matters to India
Energy cooperation is a central pillar of Indo-Saudi bilateral ties, with Saudi Arabia being a key partner in India’s energy security. This visit highlights the growing potential for India-Saudi Arabia collaboration, especially at the business-to-business (B2B) level in the mining sector. In 2024, Saudi Arabia approved $9.32 billion in investment deals in metals and mining involving companies from India, China, and other nations. This created significant opportunities for Indian firms like Vedanta to expand their presence in this critical sector.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, will represent India at the swearing-in ceremony of President-elect Donald Trump on January 20, 2025. Invited by the Trump-Vance Inaugural Committee, this marks Jaishankar’s second visit to the U.S. in the recent past, following his meeting with the incoming U.S. national security advisor (NSA)-designate Mike Waltz on December 27, 2024.
Why it matters to India
This visit is crucial for strengthening India-US diplomatic ties as the new incoming U.S. administration takes office. Jaishankar’s discussions with new U.S. representatives and other visiting international dignitaries will play a key role in shaping future collaborations, emphasising India’s commitment to maintaining strong bilateral relations.
What happened?
The grand 45-day Maha Kumbh Mela commenced on January 13, 2025, at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This significant Hindu festival, celebrated every 12 years, coincides with a unique 144-year cycle in 2025 and is expected to draw more than 400 million visitors, both Indians and foreign tourists, in one of the largest human gatherings.
Why it matters to India
The Maha Kumbh Mela is a profound spiritual event and a showcase of India’s rich cultural heritage and modern technological advancements. It enhances India’s soft power by demonstrating its capacity to harmonise ancient traditions with contemporary innovation, promoting values of faith, unity, and coexistence on a global stage.
What happened?
On January 13, 2025, India summoned Bangladesh’s deputy high commissioner, Nural Islam, a day after Dhaka summoned Indian High Commissioner Pranay Verma. Dhaka has expressed “deep concern” over India’s Border Security Force (BSF) activities, particularly the construction of fences at five border locations.
Why it matters to India
Bangladesh claims India’s actions (constructing fences) violate a bilateral agreement. The interim Bangladeshi government blames “unequal agreements” from the Sheikh Hasina era for the current border issues. For India, enhancing border security is the topmost priority through BSF’s fencing initiatives.
January 11, 2025
- → US announces sanctions on Russia’s energy sector, two Indian companies named
- → Foxconn stops sending Chinese workers to India iPhone factories
- → Indian Prime Minister Modi to visit Paris for AI summit next month
- → Singapore President to embark on an official visit to India
What happened
On January 10, 2025, the outgoing Biden administration announced sweeping sanctions on Russia’s energy sector, targeting over 200 entities and individuals, including major Russian oil producers and maritime services. Two Indian companies, Skyhart Management Services and Avision Management Services, were sanctioned for transporting Russian LNG. These measures aim to curtail Russia’s revenue, which funds its military activities, by limiting its access to global markets and U.S. services related to oil production.
Why it matters to India
The new sanctions are the most direct and aggressive step taken by the Biden administration against Russia’s energy sector. India may face significant disruptions in Russian oil supplies, pushing refiners to seek alternatives from West Asia and the U.S., likely increasing costs. The sanctions on Indian firms underscore the geopolitical complexities impacting India’s energy security and diplomatic relations with the U.S. and Russia.
What Happened?
Taiwanese firm Foxconn, a major manufacturing partner for Apple, is reportedly halting new work rotations for its Chinese employees at its iPhone factories in India, opting to send Taiwanese workers instead. At the same time, China appears to be disrupting Apple’s iPhone production in India by delaying shipments of specialised manufacturing equipment. These moves are widely seen as China’s attempt to block India from becoming a serious competitor in the global manufacturing landscape.
Why it matters to India
In FY2024, Apple assembled $14 billion worth of iPhones in India through plants operated by Foxconn, Pegatron, and Tata Group. Any disruption to Foxconn’s factories in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka could impact iPhone production and hinder Apple’s efforts to reduce its reliance on Chinese manufacturing by diversifying operations in India. An important space to watch.
What happened?
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi will travel to Paris in February 2024 for a bilateral visit and to attend the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit being hosted by France. The summit will focus on five key areas: innovation and culture, global AI governance, public interest, the future of work, and trust in AI. The summit aims to facilitate global dialogue on AI’s development and regulation.
Why it matters to India
Prime Minister Modi’s participation in this upcoming AI summit aligns with India’s commitment to be part of initiatives pertaining to responsible development, deployment, and adoption of AI. The summit’s discussions will also address critical topics like AI misuse and misinformation, areas of concern for India. President Macron highlighted India’s crucial role in global AI discourse alongside major players like the US, China, and the Gulf nations. Additionally, two significant defence deals (26 Rafale-M fighter jets and three additional Scorpene-class submarines) valued at over $10 billion are also expected to be finalised.
What happened?
On January 15, 2025, Singapore’s President Tharman Shanmugaratnam will begin an important visit to India, marking the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. During the visit, from January 14 to 18, India and Singapore are expected to sign two skill development agreements. This will be Shanmugaratnam’s first state visit to India and the first by any Singaporean president in the last decade.
Why it matters to India
In 2024, India and Singapore elevated their ties to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP), highlighting their increasing alignment in economic, technological, and geopolitical matters. Singapore is one of India’s key trading partners in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with bilateral trade reaching USD 35.61 billion in FY 2023-24.
January 10, 2025
- → India-US collaboration on counterterrorism
- → ISRO’s SpaDex mission ready for another docking attempt
- → Taliban urges India to grant visas, assures security vetting
- → Hurricane relief: India steps up for Cuba
What happened?
Addressing a gathering on ‘Peace and the Role of the US-India Defence and Security Partnership’ on January 09, 2025, in Mumbai, U.S Ambassador to India, Eric Garcetti, spoke about progress achieved in counter-terror and de-radicalisation cooperation between the two countries. He also stated that India and the U.S. are working together towards the de-radicalisation of vulnerable communities in the fight against terror.
Why it matters to India
Ambassador Garcetti’s remarks reflect India’s and the U.S.’s multifaceted approach towards counter-terrorism, which goes beyond military responses. Garcetti’s advocacy for community development, economic opportunities, and addressing societal imbalances aligns with India’s holistic strategy to promote long-term peace and stability, particularly in vulnerable communities, thereby reducing the chances of radicalisation.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will attempt another space docking (SpaDeX) attempt of two satellites launched on December 30, 2024, after two earlier attempts were postponed due to unforeseen satellite drift on January 08, 2025. The drift occurred when two satellites moved further apart during a manoeuvre to reduce their distance. The historic mission involves a step-by-step approach to bring two satellites closer, aiming to dock them together.
Why it matters to India
The success of SpaDeX is vital for India’s space ambitions. Docking technology enables larger space structures, satellite refuelling, long-term maintenance, and sustainable exploration. It also supports sample return missions and reduces space debris, making
space operations safer and more efficient. A successful docking would position India as the fourth country after the United States, Russia, and China to master this advanced space technology.
What happened?
India and the Taliban held their first high-level meeting on January 08, 2025, in Dubai, during which the Taliban representatives urged India to start issuing visas to Afghan businessmen, students, and patients. The Taliban assured India of vetting visa seekers to address security concerns.
Why it mattered to India
This issuing of visas for Afghan nationals is significant for India primarily due to its security concerns and for the political implications, especially since India does not officially recognise the Taliban government. The matter also involves diplomatic, security, and logistical challenges, particularly given the previous restrictions on Afghan nationals entering India after the Taliban takeover.
What happened?
On November 6, 2024, Hurricane Rafael struck western Cuba’s Artemisa province as a Category 3 storm, causing widespread power outages and significant rainfall. In continuation of its humanitarian aid diplomacy, India dispatched a consignment of essential medicines comprising antibiotics, antipyretics, painkillers, oral rehydration solution (ORS) and muscle relaxants for Cuba on January 10, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
India’s humanitarian assistance to Cuba exemplifies its efforts to project itself as a important global power, particularly in the Global South. Through this aid consignment, India also reinforced its historical ties with Cuba and showcased its strategic approach towards Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR).
January 9, 2025
- → India to sign a mining pact with Mongolia
- → India is hosting the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
- → 11th India-EU Human Rights Dialogue
- → Indian Foreign Secretary meets Afghan Taliban’s Foreign Minister in a historic first.
What happened?
India is expected to sign a preliminary agreement with Mongolia focused on cooperation in geology and exploration, specifically for copper and coking coal. The proposed deal is in an advanced stage, with the Indian cabinet approving the memorandum of understanding (MoU). Indian companies, including Adani, Hindalco, and Vedanta, have expressed interest in sourcing resources from Mongolia, known for its high-quality coking coal.
Why it matters to India.
The agreement is vital for securing essential resources, reducing import dependency, and diversifying supply chains. It would strengthen India’s economic and geopolitical ties with resource-rich Mongolia, supporting its growing industrial demand and ensuring long-term resource security.
What happened?
India is hosting the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from January 8 to 10, 2025, with an estimated 4,000 delegates from the global Indian diaspora. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the event.
Why it matters to India:
PBD strengthens India’s cultural, economic, and diplomatic ties with its global diaspora. It also celebrates the diaspora’s contributions and fosters collaboration on trade, technology, and culture. Events like PBD enhance India’s global presence and promote tourism in India.
What happened?
The 11th India-European Union Human Rights Dialogue held in New Delhi on January 8, 2025, focused on strengthening cooperation between India and the European Union on human rights. The discussions primarily focused on shared commitments towards democracy, freedom, the rule of law, and other specific human rights issues such as civil rights, gender equality, and freedom of expression.
Why it matters to India:
Both sides discussed the issues related to civil and political rights; social, economic, and cultural rights; elimination of discrimination in all its manifestations; freedom of religion or belief; countering religious hatred; freedom of expression and opinion, both online and offline; gender, LGBTQI+ and the rights of the child; women’s empowerment; and technology and human rights. The two sides also exchanged views on the rights of migrants and Business and Human Rights.”
During the dialogue, both sides reaffirmed their commitment to human rights while addressing key differences, including the EU’s opposition to capital punishment and India’s focus on the Right to Development. They also concurred on the importance of enhancing multilateral cooperation and maintaining regular dialogue.
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri met with Taliban Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi in Dubai on January 08, 2025, marking their first official meeting. Both sides discussed bilateral relations, regional issues, and humanitarian aid, with India pledging support for Afghanistan’s health sector and trade through the Chabahar port.
Why it matters to India.
This latest meeting marked India’s ongoing efforts to engage Afghan Taliban leadership directly, especially at a time when the region’s geopolitics is in a state of flux. It also demonstrates India’s proactive pursuit of national and regional security interests. Both sides discussed enhancing cricket ties and boosting trade through the Chabahar port, which is key for India’s strategic interests. Notably, the Afghan Taliban leadership also acknowledged India’s security concerns, indicating a mutual understanding for a continued dialogue.
January 8, 2025
- → US Congressman challenges the investigation against Adani
- → Microsoft to invest 3 billion in AI infra in India
- → Rajnath Singh reaffirms strong bilateral ties with Maldives
- → Sri Lankan PM to visit China
- → India Grants Visa Extension to Sheikh Hasina
What happened?
U.S. Congressman Lance Gooden has raised concerns over the U.S. Justice Department’s investigation into Indian businessman Gautam Adani for allegedly bribing Indian officials. Gooden argues the case is an overreach, as the alleged crimes occurred in India and have no direct U.S. involvement. He warns that the investigation could harm U.S.-India relations, distract from domestic issues, and potentially escalate into an international incident. Gooden also questions the political motivations behind the timing of the investigation.
Why it matters to India:
This investigation into Adani could potentially strain diplomatic relations between India and the U.S. and raise concerns about U.S. jurisdiction over actions involving Indian citizens and officials, potentially impacting future bilateral ties and political relations.
What happened?
Microsoft plans to invest $3 billion in India over the next two years to expand its cloud and AI capabilities. The investment will fund establishing an AI Center of Excellence and AI productivity labs in 20 National Skill Training Institutes across 10 states. CEO Satya Nadella announced this at the Microsoft AI tour in New Delhi, aiming to train 500,000 Indians in AI under the India AI initiative.
Why it matters to India
This investment could significantly enhance India’s technological infrastructure, accelerating AI adoption across healthcare, finance, agriculture, and education sectors. It creates opportunities for students, educators, and entrepreneurs, boosting India’s AI adoption rate of 72% in 2024.
What happened?
Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met his Maldivian counterpart to reinforce India’s commitment to strengthening ties with the Maldives. He emphasised the Maldives’ role in India’s ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’ and its importance to regional stability in the Indian Ocean.
Why it matters to India
The Maldives is strategically important due to its location near India’s west coast and vital maritime routes. Strengthening ties through defence cooperation ensures regional stability and security in the Indian Ocean and supports India’s broader geopolitical interests.
What happened?
Sri Lanka’s President Anura Kumara Dissanayake will visit China on January 14, following his December trip to India late last year. The visit marks 68 years of Sri Lanka-China relations, with Dissanayake reaffirming Sri Lanka’s commitment to ‘One China’ policy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and expressing gratitude for China’s debt restructuring support.
Why it matters to India
India opposes BRI, viewing it as a tool for expanding Chinese influence, and is concerned by Sri Lanka’s participation. Sri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean, along critical maritime trade routes, heightens India’s concern over Chinese influence in the region. Additionally, while Dissanayake’s assurance that Sri Lanka will not allow its territory to harm Indian interests is a positive sign, it remains to be seen how this will play out, especially with the growing China-Sri Lanka ties.
What happened?
On January 8, the interim government of Bangladesh revoked the passport of ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, citing her alleged involvement in the July killings of last year, which reportedly resulted in the deaths of several hundred people. They have also requested her extradition from India to face charges of “crimes against humanity and genocide.” However, the Indian government has opted to extend her visa, allowing her to remain in India.
Why it matters to India
Hasina’s extradition is diplomatically sensitive for India, as she is regarded as a key ally. India is unlikely to extradite her, viewing the charges as politically motivated and concerned that she wouldn’t receive a fair trial. Also, the extradition treaty between India and Bangladesh may not cover political extraditions, further complicating the situation. The Indian government has maintained a cautious stance, with External Affairs Ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal noting that it is for Hasina to decide her future: “As far as former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina is concerned, we don’t have an update on her plans. It is for her to take things forward.”
January 7, 2025
- → Canadian Prime Minister resigns
- → United States moves to unlock civil nuclear cooperation with India
- → Indonesia formally joins BRICS
What happened?
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau resigns amid falling approval ratings and internal divisions within the Liberal Party.
Why it matters to India:
Trudeau’s resignation follows controversial claims about India’s involvement in the killing of Khalistan terrorist and Canadian citizen Hardeep Singh Nijjar, which sparked severe diplomatic fallout and strained international relations. The Liberal Party in Canada now faces a crucial decision to either appoint an interim leader or hold a leadership contest to determine its future direction. The resignation signals a significant political shift in Canada, with potential implications for the country’s domestic policies and foreign relations.
What happened?
The United States of America (USA) moves to unlock civil nuclear cooperation with India by removing entities like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), and Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) from the Entity List, paving the way for deeper collaboration.
Why it matters to India:
This move marks a significant step in operationalising the 2008 nuclear deal, strengthening US-India relations and expanding joint efforts in nuclear and space technologies. At the same time, it boosts India’s energy and technological capabilities, advancing its position as a key player in the global technological landscape.
What happened?
Indonesia formally joins Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), becoming the first Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) country to be included in the group of major emerging economies.
Why it matters to India.
Indonesia’s membership strengthens the BRICS bloc, expanding its influence in the Global South and aligning with the group’s agenda for reforming global governance institutions. At the same time, Indonesia’s membership signals its growing role in global economic and political dynamics, offering a strategic opportunity to boost collaboration with developing nations. The announcement gains significance in the wake of India’s decision to host the Indonesian President as the Republic Day guest on January 26, 2025.