Archive
June 14, 2025
- → Jammu: Civil and Military Leaders Strategise for Post-Operation Sindoor Integration
- → Indian Agencies Successfully Stabilise Fire-Hit Singaporean Vessel Off Kochi
- → External Affairs Minister Jaishankar Engages with Israeli and Iranian Counterparts Amidst West Asia Tensions
- → Prime Minister Modi to Embark on Three-Nation Tour to Cyprus, Canada, and Croatia
What happened?
A two-day military-civil liaison conference was held in Jammu on June 12 and 13, 2025, to enhance synergy and deliberate on critical issues, including ongoing efforts to support the local population along the border areas, more than a month after the launch of Operation Sindoor. The conference, held at Satwari cantonment, saw the attendance of senior army officials and representatives from key government departments of the Jammu division, including General Officer Commanding, Tiger Division, Major General Mukesh Bhanwala, and Divisional Commissioner, Jammu, Ramesh Kumar.
Operation Sindoor involved close coordination and integration between the Tiger Division, paramilitary forces, and civil administration to counter adversarial designs. Under Operation Sindoor, the Indian armed forces carried out missile strikes on terror infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) during the night of May 6 and 7, 2025, in retaliation to the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, which killed 26 persons.
The high-level meeting served as a platform to discuss strategic and civic matters, including infrastructure development, civic-military synergy in remote areas, and support for border populations. Major General Bhanwala emphasized the importance of seamless collaboration between civil and military agencies. The Divisional Commissioner of Jammu acknowledged the Indian Army’s sustained efforts in humanitarian assistance and infrastructure support across the region. Discussions also covered road connectivity in border villages, border area tourism, and welfare measures for ex-servicemen and their families. The conference concluded with a reaffirmed commitment to a “Whole of Nation Approach” towards peace, development, and resilience in Jammu and Kashmir.
Why it matters to India
This military-civil liaison conference in Jammu holds significant importance for India’s internal security and development in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The focus on enhancing synergy post-Operation Sindoor indicates a concerted effort to consolidate security gains and foster stability in the border regions. The discussions on infrastructure development, civic-military synergy, and support for border populations directly address key developmental and security challenges in a sensitive region. The emphasis on collaboration between civil and military agencies underscores India’s integrated approach to governance and security in areas prone to cross-border threats. Furthermore, the acknowledgment of the Indian Army’s humanitarian and infrastructural support highlights its role beyond combat operations, contributing to the welfare and integration of the local populace. This “Whole of Nation Approach” is crucial for promoting long-term peace, development, and resilience in Jammu and Kashmir, aligning with India’s broader national security and developmental objectives for the region.
What happened?
On June 13, 2025, the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), alongside the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force, successfully transferred the tow of the distressed Singaporean container vessel MV Wan Hai 503 to the ocean-going tug Offshore Warrior. The ICG had been keeping the vessel away from the Kerala coast for several days, but deteriorating weather conditions and strong westerly winds caused it to drift dangerously towards the shoreline.
Despite adverse weather hindering aerial operations and delaying the boarding of the salvage crew, a Navy Sea King helicopter launched from Kochi on June 13 successfully winched salvage team members onto the vessel under extremely challenging conditions. The team then managed to connect a 600-meter tow rope to the Offshore Warrior approximately 20 nautical miles off the coast of Kochi.
Currently, the vessel is being towed westward at 1.8 knots and is nearly 35 nautical miles offshore. Three ICG Offshore Patrol Vessels continue to escort the container ship and sustain firefighting operations. Only thick smoke and a few isolated hotspots remain on board, indicating the effectiveness of the ICG’s firefighting efforts. The ICG is closely coordinating with the Directorate General of Shipping to ensure the vessel remains at least 50 nautical miles from the Indian coastline until its fate is determined by the owners, in accordance with international norms. The situation is expected to stabilise further with the anticipated arrival of additional firefighting tugs.
Why it matters to India
This high-risk operation by the Indian Coast Guard, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force demonstrates India’s robust maritime response capabilities and its commitment to ensuring safety and environmental protection in its exclusive economic zone. The successful containment of the fire and the towing of the vessel averted a potential major environmental disaster off the Kerala coast, which would have had significant implications for India’s marine ecosystems and coastal livelihoods. The coordinated effort also highlights the seamless inter-agency cooperation within India’s defence and maritime security apparatus.
What happened?
On June 13, 2025, amid escalating tensions between Israel and Iran, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar held telephonic conversations with his counterparts in both countries. He shared updates on these discussions through posts on X.
Jaishankar received a call from Israel’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gideon Sa’ar, regarding ongoing developments. Later the same day, he also spoke with Iran’s Foreign Minister Seyyed Abbas Araghchi on the latest situation.
Earlier on June 13, Israel launched “Operation Rising Lion,” conducting strikes at multiple sites in Iran, reportedly resulting in the deaths of key military commanders and nuclear scientists. In response to the escalating tensions, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) issued a statement on June 13, expressing India’s deep concern and close monitoring of the evolving situation, urging both nations to avoid escalatory steps.
Why it matters to India
India’s prompt engagement with both Israel and Iran at the foreign minister level highlights its commitment to de-escalation and regional stability in West Asia. The region is crucial for India’s energy security, trade routes, and the large Indian diaspora residing there. By engaging directly with both sides, India demonstrates its diplomatic influence and its role as a responsible global actor aiming to prevent further conflict. The MEA’s statement underscores India’s concern over the potential broader implications of the conflict on global stability and its own strategic interests, particularly concerning energy supplies and economic partnerships in the region. Maintaining a balanced diplomatic approach is critical for India to protect its varied interests in West Asia.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to undertake a three-nation tour from June 15 to 19, 2025, visiting Cyprus, Canada, and Croatia. The visit aims to strengthen India’s bilateral ties and expand strategic engagement with the European Union, the Mediterranean region, and G-7 partners.
In the first phase of the tour, Prime Minister Modi will be in Cyprus from June 15 to 16, following an invitation from President Nikos Christodoulides. This marks the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Cyprus in over two decades. During his stay in Nicosia, Prime Minister Modi will engage in official talks with President Christodoulides and later address business leaders in Limassol.
Subsequently, on June 16–17, Prime Minister Modi will travel to Canada to participate in the G-7 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta, at the invitation of Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney. This will be his sixth consecutive participation in the summit. Discussions at the G-7 will include energy security, emerging technologies, and global innovation challenges, with a specific focus on the AI-energy nexus and advancements in quantum technology. Bilateral meetings are also planned on the sidelines of the summit.
The final leg of the tour will take the Prime Minister to Croatia on June 18, upon the invitation of Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. This historic visit will be the first by an Indian Prime Minister to Croatia. Prime Minister Modi will hold talks with Prime Minister Plenković and meet Croatian President Zoran Milanović.
Why it matters to India
This three-nation visit signifies India’s increasing global engagement and strategic intention to enhance cooperation across Europe and North America. The visit to Cyprus aims to reaffirm shared commitments and expand India’s presence in the Mediterranean region. Participation in the G-7 Summit in Canada provides a crucial platform for India to engage with G-7 leaders and international organizations on critical global issues such as energy security and emerging technologies, fostering India’s position in global innovation and technology landscape. The maiden visit to Croatia is expected to be a milestone in bilateral relations, strengthening diplomatic and economic ties with European Union nations. Overall, the tour underscores India’s proactive diplomacy and its efforts to forge stronger strategic and economic partnerships worldwide.
June 13, 2025
- → Israel Launches ‘Preemptive Strike’ on Iran’s Nuclear Sites, Confirms IDF
- → Trump Urges Iran to Make Deal After Israel Blasts Nuclear and Military Targets
- → India Urges Iran-Israel to De-escalate, Choose Diplomacy
- → India Abstains on UNGA Draft Resolution Seeking Permanent Ceasefire in Gaza
What happened?
On Friday (local time), Israel launched a “preemptive strike” on Iran’s nuclear program, as confirmed by Defense Minister Israel Katz. Explosions were heard across Iran’s capital in the early hours of Friday. This action came amid escalating tensions between Israel and Tehran over Iran’s rapidly advancing nuclear program. A statement from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office declared, “Moments ago, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion, a targeted military operation to roll back the Iranian threat to Israel’s very survival. This operation will continue for as many days as it takes to remove this threat”.
Following Israel’s preemptive strike, a missile and drone attack against Israel and its civilian population was expected, as reported by CNN, citing Katz’s statement. Katz also announced a “special situation” in Israel, confirming that schools in Israel would remain closed on Friday. The Israel Defence Forces (IDF) confirmed on X (formerly Twitter) that they launched “a preemptive, precise, combined offensive to strike Iran’s nuclear programme,” with dozens of Israeli Air Force (IAF) jets completing the first stage, which included strikes on nuclear and military targets in different areas of Iran. The IDF further stated that “Iran is closer than ever to obtaining a nuclear weapon,” posing an “existential threat” to Israel and the wider world, and that Israel “has no choice but to fulfil the obligation to act in defence of its citizens”.
Why it matters to India
The Israeli preemptive strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities and the escalating tensions in the region have significant implications for India, primarily concerning regional stability and the safety of its citizens. While the immediate focus is on Israel and Iran, any prolonged conflict in West Asia can impact global energy markets, directly affecting India’s oil imports and economic stability. The withdrawal of U.S. troops from the region and the heightened military activity underscore the volatile security environment, which could disrupt trade routes and necessitate ongoing vigilance for Indian nationals residing in the area. India’s broader strategic interests involve maintaining diplomatic relations with all regional powers to ensure stability and protect its economic and security interests.
What happened?
Israel launched large-scale strikes against Iran on Friday, attacking nuclear facilities and missile factories, and reportedly killing a number of military commanders in what could be a prolonged operation to prevent Tehran from building an atomic weapon. U.S. President Donald Trump suggested Iran brought the attack upon itself by resisting U.S. demands in talks to restrict its nuclear program, urging Iran to make a deal as “the next already planned attacks being even more brutal”. Washington stated it had no part in the operation.
Iran promised a harsh response to the strikes, which reportedly killed the heads of its armed forces and the Revolutionary Guards. Israel indicated it was intercepting about 100 drones launched towards its territory in retaliation, and Israeli media later reported that an order for citizens to remain near protected areas had been lifted, suggesting most drones were neutralized. Crude oil prices rose by approximately 9% due to fears of wider retaliatory attacks in the major oil-producing region.
Why it matters to India
The escalation of conflict in the Middle East has significant implications for India, particularly concerning global crude oil prices, which saw a nearly 9% leap due to fears of wider retaliatory attacks in a major oil-producing region. This directly impacts India’s energy security, as it is a major oil importer. The potential for prolonged instability in the region could disrupt trade routes and further strain global supply chains, affecting India’s economic interests. While the news focuses on the U.S. and Israeli actions, India’s broader geopolitical concerns include the safety of its diaspora in the region and maintaining diplomatic ties with all parties involved to facilitate de-escalation and protect its strategic interests.
What happened?
New Delhi expressed “deep concern” on Thursday over escalating tensions between Iran and Israel, particularly regarding reported attacks on nuclear facilities. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) called on both nations to exercise restraint and avoid actions that could further destabilize the region. In an official statement, the MEA confirmed that India is “closely monitoring the evolving situation, including reports related to attacks on nuclear sites”. India urged the use of existing diplomatic channels to de-escalate tensions and resolve underlying issues through dialogue.
Why it matters to India
India’s expression of deep concern and call for de-escalation aligns with its strategic interest in regional stability, as heightened tensions in West Asia can impact India’s energy security, trade routes, and the safety of its diaspora. The MEA highlighting India’s close and friendly relations with both countries and its readiness to offer support underscores India’s role as a potential mediator and its commitment to diplomatic solutions in international conflicts. The advisory for Indian nationals in the region to remain vigilant and the continuous contact of Indian embassies with the community demonstrate India’s proactive measures to ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens abroad amidst geopolitical uncertainties.
What happened?
India abstained in the UN General Assembly from a vote on a draft resolution that demanded an immediate, unconditional, and permanent ceasefire in Gaza. The 193-member UN General Assembly overwhelmingly adopted the resolution, introduced by Spain, which demanded an immediate and permanent ceasefire to be respected by all parties, and reiterated its call for the immediate, dignified, and unconditional release of all hostages held by Hamas and other groups. India was among 19 nations that abstained, while 12 nations voted against the resolution, which received 149 votes in favor. Other abstaining nations included Albania, Cameroon, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Malawi, Panama, South Sudan, and Togo.
Why it matters to India
India’s abstention from the UNGA resolution reflects its nuanced diplomatic approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict, emphasizing dialogue and diplomacy as the sole means for resolution rather than taking a definitive side through voting. This stance underscores India’s long-standing commitment to a negotiated two-state solution, which it believes is essential for lasting peace and stability in the region, a critical geopolitical concern for India. By calling for the protection of civilians and humanitarian assistance, India aligns with its humanitarian values and its consistent efforts to provide aid to the people of Gaza, reinforcing its image as a responsible global actor concerned with human welfare. This balanced approach allows India to maintain strong ties with both Israel and Palestine, ensuring its ability to play a constructive role in future peace efforts.
June 12, 2025
- → Bangladesh Desired Good Ties with India, but Issues Arose: Yunus
- → US Begins Evacuating Staff from Middle East Amid Tensions with Iran
- → EAM Jaishankar Meets French President Macron , thanks France for support against terrorism
- → Nepal Calls for ‘Green Energy Cooperation’ with India
What happened?
On June 11, 2025, Bangladesh Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus stated in London that his interim government aimed for good relations with India, but “something always went wrong”. During an interaction with Chatham House think tank director Bronwen Maddox, Yunus discussed bilateral ties with India and the democratic roadmap for Bangladesh. He addressed an informal diplomatic note to India seeking the extradition of deposed prime minister Sheikh Hasina and expressed a desire for a “very legal, very proper” process. Yunus attributed the recurring issues to “fake news coming from the Indian press” which he claimed had connections with policymakers. He also mentioned that anger against Hasina had transferred to India because she was hosted there, and he had asked Prime Minister Modi to help ensure she doesn’t speak to Bangladeshi people in a way that incites anger.
Why it matters to India
The statements by Bangladesh’s Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus highlight the complex and at times strained relationship between India and its neighbour, which is critical for India’s regional stability and security. The interim government’s desire for good relations is important for maintaining peace along the shared border and fostering economic cooperation. However, Yunus’s accusations of “fake news” from the Indian press influencing Bangladeshi sentiment and his concerns about Sheikh Hasina’s activities from India indicate potential points of friction that could impact bilateral trust. The situation surrounding Sheikh Hasina, particularly her social media presence and its impact on Bangladesh, underscores the need for careful diplomatic engagement to prevent misunderstandings and maintain strong ties, which are essential for India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy.
What happened?
On June 11, 2025, the United States began evacuating non-essential personnel from its diplomatic missions and military bases in the Middle East, including the US Embassy in Baghdad, amid rising tensions with Iran and stalled nuclear negotiations. The State Department authorised the departure of staff not deemed critical, and US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth permitted the departure of military dependents across the region. President Donald Trump confirmed the decision was due to security concerns, stating that Iran “can’t have a nuclear weapon”. This move follows an apparent deadlock in nuclear talks with Tehran and reports of Iranian warnings to target US military assets if negotiations fail.
Why it matters to India
The escalating tensions in the Middle East have significant implications for India, particularly concerning energy security and the safety of its diaspora. Any disruption to oil supplies due to conflict in the region could directly impact India’s economy, as it is a major importer of crude oil. The rise in global oil prices following the news of the US evacuation is a direct concern for India’s economic stability. Furthermore, a large Indian diaspora resides and works in the Middle East, and any instability or conflict in the region could necessitate large-scale evacuation efforts, posing logistical and humanitarian challenges for India. The situation highlights the delicate balance of regional power dynamics and the potential for a volatile environment to affect India’s strategic interests and economic well-being.
What happened?
On June 12, 2025, Union External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar met with French President Emmanuel Macron, conveying greetings from Prime Minister Narendra Modi and expressing gratitude for France’s strong message of support in the fight against terrorism. EAM Jaishankar posted on the social media platform X, stating that their discussions reflected “the trust, comfort and ambition of our Strategic Partnership”. This meeting was part of Jaishankar’s Europe visit, which included discussions in Brussels with top European leaders to strengthen the EU-India strategic partnership.
Why it matters to India
This meeting underscores the deepening strategic partnership between India and France, a crucial relationship for India’s foreign policy objectives. France’s consistent support in counter-terrorism efforts is vital for India’s national security interests. Furthermore, EAM Jaishankar’s discussions on the India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with European leaders are highly significant for India’s economic growth. The anticipation of the FTA’s completion by the end of the year would open new avenues for trade and investment, boosting India’s economic ties with the European Union. India’s position on global issues, such as its nuanced stance on EU-US trade relations and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as articulated by Jaishankar, highlights India’s growing diplomatic influence and its commitment to resolving international disputes through negotiation rather than conflict.
What happened?
Nepal’s Foreign Minister Arzoo Rana Deuba, during the Nepal-India Strategic Dialogue in Kathmandu, emphasised that green energy cooperation, particularly through clean and sustainable energy sources, will strengthen interdependence between Nepal and India. She highlighted India’s commitment to importing 10,000 MW of electricity from Nepal over the next decade, an agreement signed in January 2024. Deuba also stressed the importance of enhancing connectivity through investments in various infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, waterways, airways, and digital infrastructure.
Why it matters to India
This emphasis on green energy cooperation holds significant importance for India as it seeks to diversify its energy sources and strengthen regional energy security. The long-term agreement to import 10,000 MW of electricity from Nepal over the next 10 years directly contributes to India’s energy demands and renewable energy targets. Nepal’s substantial hydro-potential offers a clean, climate-resilient, and renewable energy source that can be harnessed for generations, aligning with India’s efforts to transition towards sustainable energy. Enhanced connectivity through infrastructure investments will further integrate the two economies, facilitating trade and movement of goods and services, which is particularly crucial for land-locked Nepal’s reliance on India. This collaboration not only secures a stable energy supply for India but also strengthens bilateral ties and regional stability.
June 11, 2025
- → EAM Jaishankar Advocates for Ambitious India-EU FTA
- → India, Malaysia Deepen Maritime Ties with Naval Staff Talks
- → Foreign Secretary Misri Reviews Strategic Partnership with UAE
- → DRDO Showcases Future-Ready Defence Tech at Indo-Defence 2025
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar has expressed India’s support for an ambitious and balanced India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) by the end of the year. During a joint press conference with EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, Jaishankar emphasized that India and the EU are important forces in an emerging multipolar world order and stressed the powerful case for forging deeper ties. They held “open and productive talks” covering defence and security, maritime security, cyber, and space. The issue of counter-terrorism also dominated the agenda, with Kallas dubbing nuclear threats as an area of mutual concern for India and the EU.
Why it matters to India
EAM Jaishankar’s push for an ambitious India-EU FTA by year-end is crucial for India’s economic growth and global trade integration. Strengthening ties with the EU, a major economic and political bloc, is vital for India’s strategic autonomy in an emerging multipolar world order. Discussions on defence, security, cyber, and space, alongside counter-terrorism, enhance India’s comprehensive security and diplomatic partnerships with key global players.
What happened?
The Indian Navy and Royal Malaysian Navy held the 10th edition of their Navy-to-Navy Staff Talks on June 10 in Kuala Lumpur, aiming to enhance maritime cooperation and plan future engagements. Rear Admiral Shantanu Jha led the Indian delegation, with discussions focusing on ongoing naval collaboration and laying groundwork for expanded joint initiatives. This dialogue is part of India’s broader efforts to deepen maritime and strategic ties with Southeast Asian nations. Parallel to the naval talks, India’s Secretary (East) P. Kumaran engaged in high-level diplomatic meetings on the sidelines of the East Asia Summit Senior Officials’ Meeting (EAS SOM) in Penang, Malaysia, meeting officials from Brunei, Australia, and Cambodia to strengthen relations and regional cooperation.
Why it matters to India
Deepening maritime cooperation with Malaysia and other Southeast Asian nations is vital for India’s security and strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region. These engagements, including naval staff talks and EAS SOM meetings, strengthen bilateral ties, foster multilateral engagement, and contribute to maintaining peace and security in the region.
What happened?
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri met UAE Minister of State for International Cooperation, H.E. Reem Al Hashimy, in Abu Dhabi to review the progress of their comprehensive strategic partnership. They assessed the current state of bilateral ties and explored opportunities for future cooperation. Misri also met with Ali Alnuaim, Chairman of the Defence, Interior and Foreign Affairs Committee of the Federal National Council, discussing parliamentary cooperation and affirming commitment to combating terrorism. Additionally, the Foreign Secretary met Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, Minister of Tolerance Office, expressing gratitude for the warm reception and emphasizing the shared spirit of harmony and tolerance between the two countries.
Why it matters to India
These high-level meetings underscore the deepening and expanding comprehensive strategic partnership between India and the UAE. Reviewing bilateral ties and exploring future cooperation opportunities are crucial for enhancing economic, political, and security collaboration between the two nations. The discussions on combating terrorism and promoting tolerance are particularly important for regional stability and addressing shared global challenges.
What happened?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is participating in the Indo-Defence 2025 exhibition in Jakarta, Indonesia, from June 11 to 14, as part of the India Pavilion. The event provides a platform for DRDO to showcase India’s cutting-edge defence technologies, including ASTRA MK-I, Remotely Operated Vehicle Daksh, Low Frequency Dunking Sonar (LFDS-X), Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C), Wheeled Armoured Platform (Whap), Varunastra Heavy Weight Torpedo, and Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile. Earlier, DRDO’s Vehicles Research & Development Establishment (VRDE) transferred technologies of nine systems to 10 industries, and signed an MoU with COEP Technological University, Pune, for collaboration in cutting-edge technologies. Secretary of Defence R&D and Chairman of DRDO, Dr. Samir V. Kamat, complimented DRDO and industry for the exceptional performance of indigenous systems during Operation Sindoor.
Why it matters to India
DRDO’s participation in Indo-Defence 2025 highlights India’s growing capabilities in indigenous defence technology and its commitment to becoming a defence exporter. Showcasing advanced systems strengthens India’s image as a reliable defence partner in the Indo-Pacific region. The transfer of technologies to industries and collaborations with academic institutions align with the government’s vision of a robust defence industrial ecosystem and “Atmanirbharta” (self-reliance) in defence.
June 10, 2025
- → Piyush Goyal Deepens India-Switzerland Trade Ties, Urges Investments Under TEPA
- → Finland Confident of India-EU Trade Deal by Year-End
- → India Ready to Strike ‘Deep into Pakistan’ if Provoked, Warns EAM Jaishankar
What happened?
Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal met with top Swiss business leaders in Bern on Monday to boost bilateral economic ties. The discussions, held under the framework of the recently signed Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) between India and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), focused on expanding cooperation in innovation, technology transfer, and sustainable manufacturing. Goyal extended an open invitation for Swiss firms to expand their footprint in India, highlighting India’s rapidly growing economy, youthful talent base, and favorable investment climate. He assured Swiss companies of a transparent regulatory framework, robust intellectual property rights, and investor-friendly policies, urging them to view India as a strategic hub for manufacturing, innovation, and global value chain integration. Swiss business leaders expressed strong confidence in India’s economic trajectory and voiced their intent to deepen engagement across sectors like biotechnology, precision engineering, healthcare, and defence.
Why it matters to India
Minister Goyal’s visit aims to leverage the new TEPA to significantly enhance trade and investment with Switzerland, a major economy and a hub for innovation. Attracting Swiss investment and technology transfer in key sectors like biotechnology, precision engineering, and defence is crucial for India’s “Make in India” initiative and its goal of becoming a global manufacturing and innovation powerhouse. The discussions on regulatory harmonization and mutual recognition agreements will further streamline business processes, fostering stronger bilateral economic and professional networks.
What happened?
Finland’s Ambassador to India, Kimmo Lähdevirta, expressed confidence on Monday about finalizing a much-awaited trade deal between India and the European Union (EU) by the end of the year. Speaking at the inauguration of Finland’s honorary consulate in Ahmedabad, Lähdevirta described the recent visit of the European Union College of Commissioners to India as “historic” and said it created “very good momentum” for negotiations. He noted that both EU and Indian leaders are committed to achieving an agreement by year-end and highlighted the “very good” prospects for the trade deal. The ambassador stated that annual trade between India and Finland is nearly 3 billion Euros and emphasized the importance of “meaningful” tariff levels for industrial goods. He also noted that nearly 10 Finnish companies are already present in Gujarat, with cooperation focusing on clean energy, circular economy, skilling, smart infrastructure, and sustainable design.
Why it matters to India
The optimism from Finland regarding the India-EU trade deal is a positive sign for India’s economic growth and integration into global markets. A comprehensive trade agreement with the EU would open significant opportunities for Indian industrial goods and services, fostering increased trade and investment. The growing interest of Finnish companies in investing in Gujarat across various sectors, including clean energy and smart infrastructure, aligns with India’s development goals and its push for sustainable solutions.
What happened?
Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar warned that India is prepared to strike “deep into Pakistan” if provoked by terrorist attacks, nearly three weeks after a brief but intense war between the two nuclear-armed countries. Speaking in Brussels, Jaishankar stated that Pakistan’s “commitment to terrorism as an instrument of state policy” remains the core issue. He asserted that the April conflict, which began after India accused Pakistan of sponsoring a terrorist attack in an Indian-administered region that killed 26 civilians, ended because Indian strikes “disabled” eight main Pakistani airfields. Jaishankar reiterated that India will “never give in to nuclear blackmail” and will take decisions in its national interest.
Why it matters to India
EAM Jaishankar’s strong warning signals India’s unwavering resolve against cross-border terrorism and highlights a shift in its response strategy. The assertion that India will not be deterred by “nuclear blackmail” and will act decisively against terrorist organizations, regardless of their location, underscores India’s commitment to national security and its proactive stance against state-sponsored terrorism. This stance aims to deter future attacks and hold accountable those who “sponsor, nurture and utilize” terrorism.
June 9, 2025
- → Commerce Minister Goyal on Official Visit to Switzerland and Sweden
- → UN Ocean Summit Opens in France Amid Calls for Marine Protection
- → DRDO Transfers Nine Defence Technologies to industries to Boost Make in India
- → EAM Jaishankar Boosts Ties, Highlights Terror Stance in Europe Visit
What happened?
Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, began an official visit to Switzerland and Sweden on June 9, 2025, with the visit concluding on June 13, 2025. In Switzerland, Mr. Goyal will engage with global CEOs and industry leaders, focusing on strengthening bilateral trade and investment. His itinerary includes sectoral meetings with prominent Swiss industry leaders in pharmaceuticals, life sciences, precision engineering, machine tools, and high-tech manufacturing. A key highlight will be a meeting with Federal Councillor Guy Parmelin. In Sweden, Mr. Goyal will co-chair the 21st Session of the Indo-Swedish Joint Commission for Economic, Industrial and Scientific Cooperation (JCEISC) with Benjamin Dousa, Minister for International Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade. He will also hold bilateral meetings with Mr. Dousa and Håkan Jevrell, State Secretary to the Minister of Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade.
Why it matters to India
This visit underscores India’s commitment to deepening strategic and economic partnerships with key European nations. By engaging with Swiss and Swedish industry leaders, Minister Goyal aims to boost bilateral trade and investment, which is crucial for India’s economic growth and technological advancement. The focus on sectors like pharma, life sciences, precision engineering, advanced manufacturing, innovation, green technologies, and sustainable solutions aligns with India’s priorities for development and sustainability. Discussions around the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) will explore new opportunities for collaboration and market access for Indian businesses. The visit is expected to reinforce existing robust economic relationships and identify new avenues for growth, contributing to India’s long-term economic objectives and global partnerships.
What happened?
A global summit on the state of the oceans, the UN Ocean Conference, commenced on Monday in Nice, France, with calls to boost marine protections and address what organizers term a marine “emergency”. Around 60 heads of state and government, alongside business leaders, scientists, and civil society activists, are attending the conference. The summit aims to secure concrete plans and funding to tackle the challenges facing oceans, including plastic pollution and overexploitation. Discussions are also focused on securing the necessary ratifications for the High Seas Treaty and a moratorium on deep-sea mining. The UK announced a partial ban on bottom trawling in half its marine protected areas, and France committed to similar restrictions.
Why it matters to India
The UN Ocean Conference holds significant relevance for India, particularly given the alarm raised by Indian ocean experts regarding plastic pollution along the Indian coastline. The issue of marine plastic waste affecting India’s coastal waters, with around 5% of marine catch containing plastic, highlights the urgent need for comprehensive solutions. India’s participation in this global summit is crucial for advocating for international cooperation and securing financial support for ocean protection, which is currently underfunded globally. India can leverage this platform to contribute to and benefit from global efforts to restore ocean ecosystems through improved fisheries management and environmental care. Strengthening international frameworks for marine conservation directly impacts India’s long-term environmental sustainability, food security, and blue economy initiatives.
What happened?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has transferred nine advanced defence technologies to ten Indian public and private industries. This initiative aims to accelerate manufacturing, reduce import dependence, and strengthen the link between research and production in India’s defence sector. Key technologies transferred include the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Recce Vehicle (Tracked) Mk-II to Bharat Electronics , the Mounted Gun System to Bharat Forge , and the Anti-Terrorist Vehicle (Tracked Version) to Metaltech Motor Bodies. Additionally, a 70-ton trailer for the Arjun Mk-1A Main Battle Tank has been licensed to BEML, Tata International Vehicle Applications, SDR Auto, and John Galt International. Other transfers include the Expandable Mobile Shelter to Bharat Electronics , the Vajra Riot Control Vehicle to Tata Advanced Systems , Unit Maintenance Vehicle (UMV) and Unit Repair Vehicles (URV) for the MBT Arjun to BEML , and the Multi-Purpose Decontamination System to Dass Hitachi and Goma Engineering.
Why it matters to India
This technology transfer marks a significant stride in India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) mission, equipping domestic industries with state-of-the-art defence technologies and fostering a robust defence industrial ecosystem. By licensing these critical technologies to Indian firms, the DRDO is directly contributing to reducing India’s reliance on foreign imports for defence equipment. This boosts local manufacturing capabilities, creates employment, and enhances India’s strategic autonomy in defence. The development and production of advanced systems like the CBRN Recce Vehicle, Mounted Gun System, and Anti-Terrorist Vehicle domestically directly support the modernization of India’s armed forces and their operational readiness.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar is undertaking a visit to France and Belgium from June 8 to June 14, 2025, for discussions with the leadership of both countries and the European Union (EU). In France, Mr. Jaishankar will meet with French Foreign Minister Jean Noel Barrot in Paris and Marseille and participate in the inaugural Mediterranean Raisina Dialogue. In Brussels, he will hold the first ministerial strategic dialogue with EU foreign and security policy chief Kaja Kallas, and engage with the senior leadership of the European Commission and European Parliament. He will also hold bilateral consultations with Belgian Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot. The discussions aim to strengthen bilateral relations and emphasize India’s zero-tolerance policy on terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This visit is strategically important for India as it seeks to deepen its relationships with key European nations and the EU, bolstering diplomatic and economic ties. Engaging with France, a long-standing strategic partner, and Belgium, with its robust economic partnership, will facilitate cooperation across various strategic domains, including trade, investment, green energy, technology, pharmaceuticals, and the diamond sector. The focus on India’s stance against terrorism allows Mr. Jaishankar to brief interlocutors on India’s counter-terrorism efforts, aligning with India’s foreign policy objectives. The visit is expected to inject renewed momentum into ongoing cooperation and enhance India’s global partnerships, supporting its long-term economic and strategic goals.
June 7, 2025
- → Canadian PM Carney Invites Modi to G7 Summit, Signalling Thaw in Ties
- → UK Foreign Secretary Lammy Arrives in Delhi, Discussions on trade, defence, and security are on table
- → PM Modi Meets Central Asian Foreign Ministers at India-Central Asia Dialogue
- → India, China Diplomats Discuss Bilateral Ties, Kailash Yatra
- → India Calls for Global Action on Extreme Heat Risk at UNDRR
- → India, Italy Strengthen Economic Ties at India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation (JCEC)
What happened?
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has invited his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, to the upcoming G7 summit in Alberta, Canada, scheduled for June 15-17. The invitation was extended during a phone call between the two leaders on Friday, marking a potential shift in the strained Canada-India relations. Prime Minister Modi confirmed his attendance and thanked Carney in a social media post, stating he looked forward to meeting him at the summit. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) noted that both leaders acknowledged the “deep people-to-people ties between India and Canada” and reaffirmed their commitment to work together with “renewed vigour, guided by mutual respect and shared interests”.
Why it matters to India
This invitation to the G7 summit signals a significant step towards repairing the strained relationship between India and Canada. The phone call and the agreement for continued dialogue on security concerns indicate a mutual desire to move past previous diplomatic tensions. India’s consistent participation in G7 summits highlights its growing global influence, and a strengthened relationship with Canada, a G7 member, is crucial for India’s diplomatic and economic objectives, fostering mutual trust and shared interests.
What happened?
British Foreign Secretary David Lammy arrived in New Delhi on Saturday for a two-day visit to review bilateral ties in areas of trade, defence, and security. Lammy will hold wide-ranging talks with his Indian counterpart S. Jaishankar and is scheduled to call on Prime Minister Narendra Modi and meet Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal. His visit comes over a month after India and the UK finalized an ambitious free trade agreement (FTA), which is expected to exempt 99% of Indian exports from tariffs. The Indian side is expected to raise the issue of cross-border terrorism from Pakistan with the British foreign secretary.
Why it matters to India
The visit of the UK Foreign Secretary is significant for advancing India-UK bilateral relations, particularly after the finalization of the ambitious Free Trade Agreement. Discussions on trade, defence, and security will further strengthen strategic partnerships. Raising the issue of cross-border terrorism with the UK, a country that was involved in de-escalation efforts between India and Pakistan, is crucial for India to garner international support against terrorism.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a joint call with the Foreign Ministers of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Ministers briefed the Prime Minister on the 4th Meeting of the India-Central Asia Dialogue, held earlier in New Delhi. Prime Minister Modi emphasized that relations with Central Asian countries are a key priority for India and shared his vision for greater economic interconnections, expanded connectivity, enhanced defence and security cooperation, and comprehensive collaboration in new and emerging areas. The Central Asian Foreign Ministers strongly condemned the April 22, 2025, terrorist attack in Pahalgam and expressed support for India’s fight against cross-border terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This meeting underscores India’s growing engagement with Central Asia, a region of strategic importance for connectivity, energy security, and regional stability. Strengthening economic ties, defence cooperation, and collaboration in emerging areas will benefit India’s geopolitical interests and economic growth. The strong condemnation of the Pahalgam terror attack by Central Asian leaders highlights growing international solidarity with India in combating cross-border terrorism.
What happened?
Indian Ambassador to China Pradeep Kumar Rawat recently met China’s Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong to review bilateral relations and discuss implementing agreements reached by their leaders last year. This marked the first diplomatic engagement between the two countries since India’s “Operation Sindoor”. Both sides expressed willingness to work together, enhance cultural exchanges, and properly manage differences to promote healthy and stable China-India relations. Discussions also included preparations to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra in Tibet for Indian pilgrims, which would be the first such step after a prolonged military standoff in eastern Ladakh.
Why it matters to India
This diplomatic engagement is crucial for stabilizing and normalizing bilateral ties between India and China following recent tensions. The discussion on resuming the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra is significant for Indian pilgrims and signals a potential de-escalation of border-related issues. Working towards managing differences and enhancing cooperation in cultural and strategic areas is vital for India’s regional stability and long-term foreign policy objectives.
What happened?
Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, Dr. P. K. Mishra, called for coordinated international action on extreme heat risk during a keynote address at the Special Session on Extreme Heat Risk Governance hosted by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) in Geneva. Dr. Mishra described extreme heat as a “global crisis” and emphasized the need for global collaboration on early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, and equity-focused interventions. He detailed India’s proactive approach, including comprehensive national guidelines for heatwave management issued by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) since 2016, leading to over 250 cities and districts operating localized Heat Action Plans (HAPs). He also announced that National and State Disaster Mitigation Funds can now be used for heatwave mitigation.
Why it matters to India
India’s call for global action on extreme heat risk highlights its leadership in addressing critical climate challenges, especially as densely populated urban areas face systemic threats from rising temperatures. By sharing its experience in proactive heat risk management, including successful models like the Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan, India demonstrates its commitment to global cooperation and resilience-building. The policy shift allowing mitigation funds for heatwaves and advocating for equitable adaptation measures underscores India’s focus on protecting vulnerable populations and fostering community-driven solutions.
What happened?
Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal co-chaired the 22nd session of the India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation (JCEC) with Italy’s Deputy Prime Minister Antonio Tajani in Brescia. The discussions aligned with the India-Italy Joint Strategic Action Plan 2025–2029, focusing on enhancing economic resilience, promoting industrial collaboration, and supporting inclusive and sustainable growth. Both sides agreed to intensify cooperation in priority sectors such as Industry 4.0, aerospace, energy transition, and sustainable mobility. They also emphasized collaboration in skill development, digital transformation, migration and mobility, and joint initiatives under global connectivity frameworks like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). Joint Working Groups will be established in the automobile and space sectors, and Goyal welcomed plans from Italian corporate leaders to expand operations in India.
Why it matters to India
This high-level meeting strengthens India’s economic partnership with Italy, a key European nation. Intensified cooperation in advanced sectors like Industry 4.0, aerospace, and energy transition is crucial for India’s technological advancement and industrial growth. Collaboration within global connectivity frameworks such as IMEC enhances India’s strategic geopolitical and economic influence, facilitating trade and connectivity with Europe and the Middle East.
June 6, 2025
- → India reaffirms commitment to global disaster resilience and public health at GPDRR 2025
- → India’s EAM stresses counter‐terrorism and trade in talks with Central Asian counterparts
- → India moves to boost domestic rare earth magnet production in response to China’s export restrictions
- → Russian aide echoes Trump’s claim of mediating India–Pakistan truce, drawing criticism in New Delhi
- → India Calls for Global Facility on Disaster Risk Reduction Financing at Geneva Ministerial Roundtable
What happened?
On June 5, 2025, Dr. P. K. Mishra, Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, represented India at the G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group roundtable during the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) 2025 in Geneva. He highlighted the G20’s key role in leveraging economic capacity to support global disaster preparedness and called for enhanced international coordination to build resilience against crises. To mark World Environment Day, Dr. Mishra also welcomed the African Union into the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, recognizing its status as a permanent G20 member. Later, he met WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros to discuss India’s collaboration on public health initiatives and reaffirmed support for the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre and the upcoming Traditional Medicine Summit in New Delhi.
Why it matters to India
India’s active participation at GPDRR underscores its leadership in international efforts on disaster resilience and public health. By integrating economic development with disaster preparedness and championing global platforms like CDRI, India aims to strengthen international cooperation, safeguard developmental progress, and position itself as a reliable partner in global crisis response.
What happened?
On June 5–6, 2025, ahead of the 4th India‑Central Asia Dialogue in New Delhi, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar held bilateral meetings with foreign ministers from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The discussions strongly emphasized regional cooperation on counter‑terrorism, alongside efforts to boost trade, connectivity, investment, and development.
Why it matters to India
This initiative reinforces India’s role as a security partner in Central Asia and aligns with its Connect Central Asia policy. By integrating economic collaboration with shared anti‑terrorism initiatives, India aims to deepen strategic ties, enhance regional stability, and expand its influence across crucial Eurasian corridors.
What happened?
On June 5, 2025, following China’s April 4 decision to restrict rare earth magnet exports, the Indian government, under PM Modi, announced plans to offer financial incentives—such as production-linked subsidies and tariff exemptions—to encourage domestic manufacturing of these critical components. The Ministry of Heavy Industries is drafting a scheme to close the cost gap with cheaper Chinese imports and has held preliminary consultations with industry players.
Why it matters to India
India heavily relies on China for rare earth magnets—essential in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and defense applications. Supply shortages could halt auto production, according to industry warnings that stock could run out by late May or early June. Building a local supply chain is crucial for India’s technology security and industrial stability, reducing vulnerability to foreign export curbs and supply bottlenecks.
What happened?
On June 5, 2025, Yury Ushakov, a top aide to Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, stated that U.S. President Donald Trump “personally” helped halt the armed conflict between India and Pakistan during a call between Trump and Putin—essentially crediting the U.S. with brokering the truce. The claim was repeated in both The Hindu and Indian Express summaries of the conversation. Indian officials have firmly rejected any claims of U.S. mediation. Notably, Congress MP Shashi Tharoor publicly questioned Trump’s assertions, stating that “no formal process of mediation involving a third party was initiated or requested by either nation”.
Why it matters to India
India has consistently maintained that the ceasefire on May 10 was negotiated directly between the two countries’ Directors General of Military Operations (DGMO) and did not involve any external mediation. The Russian aide’s remark challenges India’s official narrative and suggests foreign intervention, prompting New Delhi to reassert the bilateral nature of the agreement.
What happened?
On June 4, 2025, Dr P. K. Mishra, Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, addressed the Ministerial Roundtable on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Financing in Geneva. He highlighted India’s evolution into one of the world’s largest nationally anchored DRR financing systems and emphasized the need for a globally coordinated mechanism to support catalytic funding, technical assistance, and knowledge exchange. India advocated for concrete, time-bound outcomes and urged greater international cooperation to complement national disaster preparedness efforts.
Why it matters to India
India’s proposal reinforces its leadership in global resilience efforts and underscores the importance of financial preparedness for disasters. The push for a global DRR facility aligns with India’s commitment to sustainable development and disaster management, enhancing collaborative frameworks for better-safeguarding development gains.
June 5, 2025
- → India-Kyrgyzstan Bilateral Investment Treaty Comes Into Force
- → India to manufacture Rafale fighter jet fuselages domestically through Tata-Dassault partnership
- → India elected to UN Economic and Social Council for 2026–28 term with overwhelming support
- → India to host Central Asian foreign ministers for 4th India-Central Asia Dialogue
- → India and Australia celebrate five years of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with deepened cooperation across multiple sectors
What happened?
On June 5, 2025, India’s Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman, and the Kyrgyz Republic’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Zheenbek Kulubaev Moldokanovich, signed the Protocol and exchanged the Instrument of Ratification of the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) in New Delhi. The BIT, originally signed on June 14, 2019, in Bishkek, officially came into force on June 5, 2025, replacing an earlier agreement from May 12, 2000. This new BIT aims to promote and protect the interests of investors from both countries. Key features of the treaty include an emphasis on sustainable development, an enterprise-based definition of assets, and the exclusion of matters like local government and taxation to retain policy space for the government. The BIT also defines the core elements of investment treatment as found in customary international law and ensures a balanced framework with provisions on national treatment, expropriation, and transfers. Notably, the Most Favored Nation (MFN) clause has been removed. The treaty includes general and security exceptions to carve out policy space for the state, covering areas such as environmental protection, public health and safety, and public morals. A calibrated Investor-State Dispute Settlement mechanism with mandatory exhaustion of local remedies is also part of the BIT.
Why it matters to India
The India-Kyrgyzstan BIT holds significant strategic importance for India by fostering a secure and predictable investment environment, which is crucial for strengthening bilateral economic relations. The treaty’s provisions, particularly the emphasis on sustainable development and a balanced framework for investor rights and sovereign regulatory powers, align with India’s broader economic and geopolitical goals of promoting responsible and resilient cross-border investments. By encouraging greater economic cooperation, the BIT is expected to facilitate Indian investments in Kyrgyzstan and vice-versa, thereby diversifying India’s investment portfolio and potentially opening new markets for Indian businesses and industries.
What happened?
Dassault Aviation and Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) have signed four Production Transfer Agreements to manufacture Rafale fighter jet fuselages in India for both domestic and international markets. This marks the first time that Rafale fuselages will be built outside France. A dedicated facility will be established in Hyderabad to produce key structural components, including the front section, central fuselage, rear section, and lateral shells. Production is expected to commence in the financial year 2028, with a capacity to deliver up to two complete fuselages per month.
Why it matters to India
This collaboration supports the Indian government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative and aims to bolster self-reliance in the defence sector. The production of complete Rafale fuselages in India is a testament to the deepening trust between Dassault and Tata, and reflects India’s progress in building a modern aerospace manufacturing ecosystem. It also strengthens the supply chain in India, contributing to the ramp-up of the Rafale and meeting quality and competitiveness requirements.
What happened?
On June 4, 2025, India was elected to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for a three-year term spanning 2026 to 2028. In the election held at the UN General Assembly, India secured 181 out of 187 valid votes, reflecting broad international backing. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar expressed gratitude to the member states for their trust and commended the efforts of India’s Permanent Mission to the UN in New York.
This marks at least the 18th time India has served on ECOSOC, having previously completed four consecutive terms from 2008 to 2020.
Why it matters to India
ECOSOC is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, responsible for coordinating the economic, social, and related work of 15 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions, and five regional commissions. India’s election to ECOSOC underscores its commitment to multilateralism and its active role in shaping global economic and social policies. As a member, India aims to contribute to addressing global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and access to healthcare and education.
India’s participation in ECOSOC aligns with its broader foreign policy objectives of promoting sustainable development and fostering international cooperation. By engaging in ECOSOC’s work, India seeks to share its development experiences and collaborate with other nations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
What happened?
On June 6, 2025, India will host the 4th India-Central Asia Dialogue in New Delhi, chaired by External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar. The meeting will bring together the foreign ministers of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to discuss enhancing cooperation in areas such as counterterrorism, regional security, trade, connectivity, technology, and development.
Prior to the dialogue, the India-Central Asia Business Council convened on June 5, 2025, to explore opportunities for economic collaboration. Additionally, the visiting foreign ministers are scheduled to meet with Prime Minister Narendra Modi to further strengthen bilateral ties.
Why it matters to India
This dialogue underscores India’s commitment to its ‘Connect Central Asia’ policy, aiming to deepen strategic and economic ties with Central Asian nations. By focusing on security cooperation and regional connectivity, India seeks to promote stability and counterterrorism efforts in the region, while also expanding trade and investment opportunities. Engaging with these countries enhances India’s influence in Central Asia and supports its broader geopolitical and economic objectives.
What happened?
On June 4, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar highlighted the significant growth and diversification in India-Australia relations over the past five years. Speaking at an event at the Australian High Commission in New Delhi, Jaishankar emphasized the strengthening of ties in areas such as critical minerals, cybersecurity, technology, space, and sports. He attributed this progress to strong leadership from both nations and reaffirmed India’s commitment to further elevate the partnership.
The event also featured Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles, who underscored Canberra’s view of its relationship with New Delhi as a “highest priority” and vital to Australia’s national interest. Marles’s visit coincided with the fifth anniversary of the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, marking a milestone in bilateral cooperation.
In addition, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh held discussions with Marles, focusing on enhancing defence collaboration and addressing regional security challenges. Singh expressed gratitude for Australia’s unequivocal support following the Pahalgam terror attack, noting that Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese personally reached out to Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a critical election period to convey solidarity.
Why it matters to India
The deepening of India-Australia relations signifies a strategic alignment in the Indo-Pacific region, fostering cooperation in critical sectors that are pivotal for India’s economic and security interests. Enhanced collaboration in areas like critical minerals and cybersecurity not only supports India’s domestic development goals but also contributes to regional stability. The reaffirmation of mutual support in counterterrorism efforts further solidifies the partnership, positioning both nations to address shared challenges effectively.
June 4, 2025
- → Union Minister Piyush Goyal Commences Official Visit to Italy to Deepen Bilateral Economic Cooperation
- → India, Australia Vow to Deepen Defence Ties, Counter Terrorism
- → India Pushes for WTO Reforms at Paris Ministerial
- → India Wins Presidency of International Institute of Administrative Sciences
What happened?
Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, began a two-day official visit to Italy on June 4, 2025. The visit aims to enhance strategic and economic ties and deepen bilateral trade and investment collaboration with Italy. During the visit, Goyal will co-chair the 22nd Session of the India–Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation (JCEC) with Antonio Tajani, Italy’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. This engagement follows the launch of the India–Italy Joint Strategic Action Plan (JSAP) 2025–2029. Goyal will also lead a high-level Indian business delegation to the India–Italy Growth Forum in Brescia.
Why it matters to India
This visit is vital for India’s economic growth and strategic partnerships. The 22nd JCEC session provides a platform to assess progress and identify new avenues for collaboration in high-impact areas such as Industry 4.0, agritech, digitalisation, energy transition, sustainable mobility, and the India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). Strengthening economic ties with Italy, a key European partner, is crucial for India to diversify its trade relationships and attract foreign investment, especially in advanced technological sectors. The India–Italy Growth Forum, with Indian companies participating, will promote investment and build business-to-business linkages, contributing to India’s industrial transformation and global economic resilience. This engagement aligns with India’s broader geopolitical and economic goals of fostering durable partnerships that drive inclusive growth.
What happened?
On June 4, India and Australia reaffirmed their strong defence partnership and shared commitment to countering terrorism during a high-level bilateral meeting in New Delhi between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles. Rajnath Singh acknowledged the significant milestones achieved in bilateral defence relations and thanked Australia for its support following a recent terrorist attack in Pahalgam. Marles expressed Australia’s solidarity with India and reiterated his country’s commitment to working closely with India to combat terrorism.
Why it matters to India
The deepening defence ties with Australia are strategically significant for India, especially amidst regional tensions. This collaboration enhances India’s security by strengthening partnerships with key allies in the Indo-Pacific region. The commitment to countering terrorism directly addresses a critical security concern for India, allowing for greater intelligence sharing and coordinated efforts against terrorist threats. The continued strengthening of this comprehensive strategic partnership with Australia contributes to regional stability and provides India with a valuable partner in navigating complex geopolitical landscapes, including discussions on sensitive issues such as the situation on India’s western border.
What happened?
India called for comprehensive reforms to the World Trade Organization (WTO) during a high-level mini-ministerial meeting of 25 member countries in Paris. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal outlined India’s three-pronged reform agenda: addressing non-tariff barriers that restrict market access, tackling distortions caused by non-market economies, and reinstating the WTO’s dispute settlement system, which has been stalled since 2009. The Minister stressed the importance of preserving the WTO’s consensus-based decision-making and special treatment for developing nations. India also firmly opposed efforts to expand the WTO’s mandate beyond traditional trade issues, specifically rejecting a China-led Investment Facilitation for Development proposal.
Why it matters to India
India’s assertive push for WTO reforms is crucial for protecting its trade interests and ensuring a fair global trading environment. By advocating for the removal of non-tariff barriers, India aims to improve market access for its goods and services, supporting its export growth. The call to revive the dispute settlement mechanism is vital for India to have an effective means of resolving trade disputes, preventing unfair trade practices from impacting its economy. Additionally, India’s opposition to expanding the WTO’s mandate beyond core trade issues prevents the introduction of non-trade topics that could create divisions and dilute the focus on existing mandated issues, which include critical areas like agricultural trade reforms and public food grain stockholding programs important to India’s food security. This stance ensures the WTO remains focused on its primary function of facilitating trade, which directly benefits India’s economic objectives.
What happened?
On June 3, India won the presidency of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) for the period 2025-2028, polling 87 votes against Austria’s 54 votes in the elections held during the Extraordinary General Assembly Meeting in Brussels. This marks the first time in the IIAS’s 100-year history that the election for president was held by ballot process and the first time India has secured this mandate. India’s candidacy was nominated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in November 2024, with hearings held in February 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances has represented India as a member state of the IIAS since 1998.
Why it matters to India
Securing the IIAS presidency holds significant strategic importance for India, aligning with the Prime Minister’s vision for “Maximum Governance – Minimum Government”. India’s leadership will focus on documenting Next Generation Administrative Reforms, with an emphasis on the digital empowerment of citizens and the digital transformation of institutions. This presidency also offers India a platform to bridge the North-South divide in public administration, promoting unity and inclusivity within the IIAS’s global membership. By leading this international body, India can showcase its administrative reforms and contribute to global best practices in public administration, enhancing its soft power and influence on the international stage.
June 3, 2025
- → Bangladesh Replaces Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s Image with Hindu temples, landmarks on Banknotes
- → India showcases Digital Public Infrastructure as a global model at BRICS Communications Ministers’ Meeting
- → US Commerce Secretary Acknowledges India’s Efforts on addressing its Russia, BRICS Concerns
- → India and Paraguay sign MoU to establish Joint Commission Mechanism for enhanced bilateral cooperation
What happened?
On Sunday, June 1, Bangladesh Bank released new Tk 1000, Tk 50, and Tk 20 banknotes that no longer feature the image of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the nation’s founding father. This marks the first time in over five decades that his portrait has been removed from the currency. The redesigned notes instead showcase Hindu and Buddhist temples, traditional landmarks, and celebrated national artwork, including pieces by the late Zainul Abedin and the National Martyrs’ Memorial. Bangladesh Bank spokesman Arif Hossain Khan stated that the new series avoids human portraits, focusing on cultural heritage and natural beauty. This currency revamp was announced by the interim government led by Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus following the ouster of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina last year, with the aim of removing political iconography. Coinciding with the currency’s unveiling, Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal formally indicted Sheikh Hasina in absentia on June 1 for her role in the deadly 2024 crackdown on student-led protests, levelling mass murder charges. Hasina fled to India in August last year, ending her 15-year rule. Her party, the Awami League, was banned in May pending the outcome of these trials. Both old and new currency notes remain in legal circulation.
Why it matters to India
The removal of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s image from Bangladesh’s currency and the simultaneous indictment of Sheikh Hasina, who is currently in India, signify a profound shift in Bangladesh’s domestic political landscape. This transition could influence India-Bangladesh bilateral relations, particularly concerning the status of high-profile political figures seeking refuge. India closely monitors political changes in its neighbourhood for their implications on regional stability and its geopolitical interests. The interim government’s emphasis on national heritage over political legacy, as reflected in the new currency, aligns with India’s broader interest in fostering a stable, secular, and inclusive environment in Bangladesh. Furthermore, ongoing legal proceedings against a former ruling party and its leader will be crucial for India to observe due to their potential impact on existing economic cooperation, border management, and security dialogues between the two nations.
What happened?
On June 3, 2025, during the 11th BRICS Communications Ministers’ Meeting in Brasília, Brazil, Dr. Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar, India’s Minister of State for Communications and Rural Development, presented India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) as a benchmark for inclusive digital governance. Highlighting initiatives like Aadhaar and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), he emphasized their role in advancing universal connectivity and financial inclusion. Dr. Sekhar also addressed topics such as space sustainability, environmental responsibility in ICT, and the importance of cybersecurity and data protection. He invited BRICS nations to the 12th Communications Ministers’ Meeting, to be hosted by India in 2026.
Why it matters to India
India’s active participation and leadership in the BRICS forum underscore its commitment to shaping global digital policies and promoting inclusive digital transformation. By sharing its experiences and inviting collaboration, India aims to strengthen ties with BRICS nations and contribute to building a resilient and sustainable digital ecosystem globally.
What happened?
On June 3, 2025, US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick acknowledged that India’s historical defense purchases from Russia and its active participation in BRICS had previously strained relations with the United States. Speaking at the US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) Leadership Summit, Lutnick noted that these actions “rubbed the United States the wrong way.” However, he commended the Indian government for addressing these concerns directly, paving the way for a more constructive and strategic relationship between the two nations.
Lutnick also highlighted the progress in trade negotiations between the US and India, expressing optimism about finalizing a mutually beneficial trade agreement in the near future. He emphasized that the strong personal relationship between President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Narendra Modi is facilitating these talks, despite India’s reputation for high protectionist tariffs.
Why it matters to India
India’s efforts to address US concerns regarding its defense ties with Russia and involvement in BRICS signify a strategic shift aimed at strengthening its relationship with the United States. By engaging in direct dialogue and addressing sensitive issues, India is working towards enhancing bilateral cooperation in areas such as trade and defense. The potential trade agreement could lead to reduced tariffs and increased market access for both nations, fostering economic growth and stability. Additionally, improved US-India relations may provide India with greater leverage in international forums and contribute to its broader geopolitical objectives.
What happened?
On June 2, 2025, India and Paraguay signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a Joint Commission Mechanism (JCM). The agreement was signed by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and Paraguay’s Foreign Minister Rubén Ramírez Lezcano in New Delhi. This initiative aims to institutionalize and expand dialogue between the two nations across sectors such as trade, agriculture, health, technology, and renewable energy.
Earlier in the day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi held talks with Paraguayan President Santiago Peña at Hyderabad House. The leaders discussed enhancing cooperation in areas including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, technology, renewable energy, and health. President Peña condemned the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack and expressed solidarity with India.
Why it matters to India
The establishment of the Joint Commission Mechanism signifies a deepening of India-Paraguay relations, providing a structured platform for regular engagement and collaboration. This move aligns with India’s broader strategy to strengthen ties with Latin American countries, diversify its global partnerships, and expand its influence in the Global South. Enhanced cooperation in sectors like agriculture, health, and technology can lead to mutual economic growth and development.
June 2, 2025
- → Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal Begins France Visit to Boost Economic Ties
- → INS Darshak Visits Ho Chi Minh City to Strengthen Hydrographic Ties with Vietnam
- → India and Pakistan Tensions Played Out at Shangri-La Dialogue
- → PM Modi and President Peña of Paraguay Hold Talks to Strengthen Bilateral Relations
- → MP Supriya Sule-Led Indian Delegation Arrives in Egypt to Convey India’s Stance on Terrorism
What happened?
On June 1, 2025, Union Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal commenced a three-day official visit to France, as part of his tour to France and Italy from June 1–5. During his stay, he is scheduled to hold bilateral meetings with French Ministers of Economy and Trade to strengthen the Indo-French economic partnership. He will also engage in strategic business meetings with leaders of major French companies, including Vicat, Total Energies, L’Oréal, Renault, Valeo, EDF, and ATR. Additionally, Goyal will participate in the India-France Business Round Table and the India-France CEO Forum. He is also set to attend an informal gathering of WTO Ministers on the margins of the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting. Following his engagements in France, Goyal will proceed to Italy for the next leg of his visit.
Why it matters to India
This visit underscores India’s commitment to deepening strategic and economic ties with key European partners. Engaging with French government officials and business leaders aims to enhance trade and investment cooperation, fostering mutually beneficial partnerships. Participation in multilateral forums like the WTO Ministers’ gathering allows India to articulate its perspectives on global trade issues, reinforcing its role as a proactive player in shaping international trade policies.
What happened?
On June 2, 2025, the Indian Navy’s hydrographic survey vessel, INS Darshak, arrived in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, as part of India’s ongoing efforts to enhance bilateral maritime cooperation under the MAHASAGAR vision. During the visit, the ship hosted officers from the Vietnam People’s Navy, Vietnam Border Guard, senior Vietnamese government delegates, and members of the Indian diaspora onboard. The crew, led by Commanding Officer Capt C Praveen Thomas and Defence Attaché Col S Muthukrishnan, paid homage to Vietnam’s founding father by laying a wreath at the statue of Ho Chi Minh. The visit included technical demonstrations of the ship’s hydrographic survey capabilities, professional discussions, and a cultural deck reception attended by dignitaries, including Senior Captain Trieu Thanh Tung and Mr. Le Van Dieng.
Why it matters to India
This visit underscores India’s commitment to strengthening maritime ties with Vietnam, a key partner in the Indo-Pacific region. By showcasing its hydrographic capabilities, India aims to support regional maritime safety and contribute to the development of accurate nautical charts, which are essential for safe navigation and maritime infrastructure planning. The collaboration also aligns with India’s broader strategy to enhance defense and security cooperation with Southeast Asian nations, reinforcing its role as a responsible maritime partner.
What happened?
At the 22nd Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, top military officials from India and Pakistan—Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Sahir Shamshad Mirza—issued stern warnings amid heightened tensions following recent cross-border hostilities.
General Chauhan emphasized India’s new “red line” of intolerance against terrorism, referencing Operation Sindoor, which was launched in response to the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 people. He stated, “What India has done, politically, they have drawn a new red line of intolerance against terror.” Chauhan further remarked, “We have been subjected to this proxy war of terror for almost two decades and more, and we lost a lot of people…we want to put an end to it.”
In contrast, General Mirza highlighted the need for conflict resolution over mere crisis management. He warned that without resolving the Kashmir issue, the risk of destructive escalation remains high. Mirza called for an early resolution of the Kashmir dispute in line with UN Security Council resolutions and the aspirations of the Kashmiri people.
Why it matters to India
The exchange at the Shangri-La Dialogue underscores the persistent volatility in India-Pakistan relations and the differing approaches to addressing terrorism and regional disputes. India’s firm stance on zero tolerance for terrorism and its emphasis on bilateral resolution of issues contrast with Pakistan’s call for international intervention in Kashmir. These divergent positions highlight the challenges in achieving lasting peace and stability in the region.
What happened?
On June 2, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Santiago Peña of Paraguay held comprehensive bilateral discussions at Hyderabad House in New Delhi. The meeting aimed to infuse new momentum into diplomatic and economic relations between India and Paraguay. President Peña, on his first official visit to India, was accorded a ceremonial Guard of Honour upon arrival. He is accompanied by a high-level delegation comprising ministers, senior officials, and business leaders.
Prior to the meeting with Prime Minister Modi, President Peña met with External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar to discuss opportunities for enhancing bilateral cooperation. President Peña also paid floral tribute to Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat. During his visit, he is scheduled to meet President Droupadi Murmu and Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar. The visit underscores the growing emphasis on economic and technological partnerships between the two countries.
Why it matters to India
This visit marks only the second time a head of state from Paraguay has visited India, highlighting the significance of the growing relationship between the two nations. India and Paraguay established diplomatic relations in 1961 and have since cultivated warm and friendly ties. Bilateral cooperation spans key sectors including trade, agriculture, health, pharmaceuticals, and information technology. Indian companies in the automobile and pharmaceutical sectors are active in Paraguay, while several Paraguayan firms operate in India through joint ventures.
Strengthening ties with Paraguay aligns with India’s broader strategy to enhance engagement with Latin American countries, diversify its global partnerships, and expand its influence in the Global South. Both countries share similar views on major global issues such as UN reforms, climate change, renewable energy, and counter-terrorism. The visit provides a timely opportunity to undertake a comprehensive review of bilateral ties and to discuss regional and international issues of mutual interest.
What happened?
An all-party delegation led by Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) MP Supriya Sule has arrived in Cairo, Egypt, as part of India’s global diplomatic outreach to assert its zero-tolerance policy against terrorism. This visit follows the delegation’s earlier engagement in Ethiopia. The group was received by India’s Ambassador to Egypt, Suresh Reddy. Their itinerary in Egypt includes meetings with government ministers, parliamentary exchanges, interactions with think tanks, media engagements, and outreach to the Indian community. This delegation is one of seven multi-party groups dispatched by India to 33 global capitals to highlight Pakistan’s links to terrorism, especially in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack and India’s subsequent Operation Sindoor.
Why it matters to India
This diplomatic initiative underscores India’s commitment to building international consensus against terrorism and holding state sponsors accountable. By engaging with Egypt, a key player in the Arab world, India aims to strengthen its strategic partnerships and garner support for its counter-terrorism efforts. The delegation’s visit serves to reinforce India’s narrative on the recent escalation with Pakistan, emphasizing that the conflict was a response to a terror attack rather than an unprovoked military action.
May 31, 2025
- → Operation Sindoor :CDS Chauhan at Shangri-La Dialogue discusses future of Multi-Domain Warfare
- → India Reaffirms Commitment to Glacier Preservation at International Conference on Glaciers
- → India-Chile: First Round of CEPA Talks Concludes
- → EAM S. Jaishankar: India Will Never Give in to Nuclear Blackmail
- → Defence Ministry to Reform Defence Acquisition Procedure
What happened?
Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan, speaking at the Shangri-La Dialogue on May 31, refuted Pakistan’s claims of shooting down six Indian warplanes during Operation Sindoor, calling them “absolutely incorrect.” While admitting to unspecified initial losses on May 7, General Chauhan highlighted India’s swift rectification of tactical mistakes, enabling further strikes on May 8 and May 10. He dismissed suggestions of a near-nuclear conflict with Pakistan and stated that Chinese-supplied weaponry used by Pakistan “didn’t work” against India’s precision strikes. General Chauhan characterized Operation Sindoor as a “non-contact” and “multi-domain” conflict, involving cyber operations, intelligence, and disinformation management, noting 15% of efforts countered fake news. He stressed the importance of integrated technology and joint forces for future warfare.
Why it matters to India
General Chauhan’s remarks provide India’s official perspective on Operation Sindoor, countering disinformation and showcasing the armed forces’ adaptability and learning. His insights into multi-domain warfare, including cyber and information operations, are critical for India’s future defence strategy. The emphasis on integrated technology and jointness underscores India’s commitment to modernizing its military for complex conflicts. This forward-looking assessment is vital for India to maintain its strategic edge and secure its national interests in an evolving security landscape.
What happened?
Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EFCC), Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh, addressed the Plenary Session of the High-Level International Conference on Glaciers’ Preservation in Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, from May 29 to 31, 2025. Shri Singh emphasized that glacial retreat is an immediate reality with far-reaching implications, particularly for mountain regions like the Himalayas. He outlined India’s initiatives under the National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) and the establishment of a Centre for Cryosphere and Climate Change Studies to advance research and monitoring of glaciers. India is leveraging advanced Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, led by ISRO, to monitor glacier changes. He called for enhanced global cooperation, shared scientific research, and increased financial and technological support for developing countries.
Why it matters to India
India’s active participation and commitment to glacier preservation are vital, given its intrinsic connection to the Himalayan ecosystem and the direct impact of glacial retreat on water security, biodiversity, and livelihoods. By advocating for global cooperation, shared research, and financial support for developing countries, India reinforces its leadership role in climate action and its commitment to the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR–RC). These efforts are crucial for the sustainable management of India’s water resources and disaster preparedness in the Himalayan region.
What happened?
The first round of negotiations for the India-Chile Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) successfully concluded in New Delhi. The negotiations began on May 26, following the signing of the Terms of Reference on May 8. Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal emphasized that the CEPA would lead to a deeper economic partnership and strengthened global value chains. This initiative follows the momentum from the State Visit of Chile’s President, Gabriel Boric Font, to India in April 2025, where both countries welcomed the launch of CEPA negotiations. Discussions covered trade, services, investment, economic cooperation, and strategic sectors. Both sides agreed to continue engagement through intersessional virtual discussions before the next round, expected in July or August 2025.
Why it matters to India
This successful first round of CEPA negotiations marks a significant step towards enhancing bilateral economic cooperation with Chile, an important partner in Latin America. The agreement is envisioned to unlock the full potential of trade and commercial ties, leading to increased employment, stronger bilateral trade, and sustained economic growth for India. A balanced, ambitious, comprehensive, and mutually beneficial agreement will deepen economic integration between the two countries, opening new opportunities for Indian businesses.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar asserted that India will never give in to nuclear blackmail and that those who “sponsor, nurture and utilize” terrorism should be made to pay a heavy price. Speaking at a convocation ceremony, he stated that the barbarity of the recent Pahalgam terror attack, which aimed to devastate the tourism economy and sow religious discord, required an exemplary response. India responded by destroying terrorist command centers in Bahawalpur and Muridke. Jaishankar emphasized that times have changed, and epicenters of terrorism are no longer “immune” to retaliation, highlighting India’s zero-tolerance policy. He also commented on some nations’ “transactional” approach to international relations, contrasting it with India’s value-driven diplomacy.
Why it matters to India
EAM Jaishankar’s strong remarks reaffirm India’s resolute stance against terrorism and its commitment to national security. The assertion that India will not yield to nuclear blackmail underscores its strategic autonomy and determination to defend its interests decisively. This public declaration signals a more assertive foreign policy, aiming to hold state sponsors of terrorism accountable and reinforce India’s position as a responsible yet firm global actor. The emphasis on India’s value-based diplomacy also aims to distinguish its approach from those prioritizing transactional gains.
What happened?
The Defence Ministry is considering licensing reform and aims to revise the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 by November-end. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh has urged the private sector to scale up research and development (R&D) and capital equipment investment, assuring full government support.
Why it matters to India
This initiative aims to enhance India’s indigenous defence capabilities by encouraging greater private sector participation in R&D and manufacturing. Revising the DAP 2020 and implementing licensing reforms are crucial steps towards achieving “Atmanirbharta” (self-reliance) in the defence sector, reducing reliance on foreign imports, and boosting the domestic defence industrial ecosystem.
May 30, 2025
- → Moscow Seeks to Revive Russia-India-China (RIC) Trilateral mechanism
- → Atmanirbhar Bharat in Defence: Production Soars to Record ₹1.46 Trillion
- → Operation Sindoor :Shehbaz Sharif Admits BrahMos Strikes Crippled Pakistani Airbases Before Retaliation
What happened?
On May 30, 2025, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov expressed strong support for the revival of the Russia-India-China (RIC) trilateral mechanism, which has been inactive since the 2020 Galwan clashes between India and China. Speaking at a conference on Eurasian security, Lavrov emphasized Moscow’s genuine interest in resuming RIC operations, highlighting that India and China have reached an understanding on easing border tensions.
Lavrov also accused the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) of attempting to provoke India into anti-China actions, stating that such efforts are seen as significant provocations.
Why it matters to India
The potential revival of the RIC mechanism signals a shift towards multilateral diplomacy in Eurasia, offering India an opportunity to balance its strategic partnerships. Engaging in RIC dialogues could help India manage its complex relationships with both Russia and China, especially amid evolving global alliances.
Lavrov’s comments also reflect Russia’s interest in maintaining its influence in the region and cautioning against Western involvement. For India, this underscores the importance of a nuanced foreign policy that navigates its ties with major powers while safeguarding national interests.
What happened?
India’s annual defence production reached an all-time high of ₹1.46 trillion in the fiscal year 2024–25 (FY25), marking an almost 15% increase from ₹1.27 trillion in FY24. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh announced this milestone at the Confederation of Indian Industry’s (CII) annual business summit in New Delhi. Defence exports also hit a record high, crossing ₹24,000 crore, an increase of nearly 14% from ₹21,083 crore in FY24.
The private sector’s contribution stood at over ₹32,000 crore, about 22% of the total defence production, up from 20.8% in FY24. Singh highlighted the government’s efforts to encourage private sector involvement in advanced defence manufacturing, including the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) programme, where private firms will have the opportunity to participate alongside public sector companies.
Why it matters to India
This surge in defence production and exports underscores India’s commitment to self-reliance in defence manufacturing, aligning with the ‘Make in India’ initiative. The increased involvement of the private sector indicates a shift towards a more collaborative defence industry, aiming to enhance efficiency and innovation. Moreover, the record exports reflect India’s growing footprint in the global defence market, contributing to economic growth and strengthening strategic partnerships.
The government’s focus on streamlining procurement processes and supporting private enterprises is expected to further boost domestic production capabilities, reduce dependency on imports, and position India as a key player in the global defence sector.
What happened?
On May 29, 2025, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif acknowledged that Indian forces launched preemptive BrahMos missile strikes on the night of May 9–10, targeting key military installations deep within Pakistan, including the Nur Khan Airbase in Rawalpindi. Speaking at the Pakistan–Turkiye–Azerbaijan Trilateral Summit in Lachin, Azerbaijan, Sharif admitted that the Pakistan Armed Forces were caught unprepared during India’s Operation Sindoor.
Sharif revealed that Pakistan had planned a retaliatory strike at 4:30 AM after Fajr prayers, but India acted first, launching approximately 15 BrahMos missiles and other precision weapons, effectively neutralizing Pakistan’s planned offensive.
Why it matters to India
This admission underscores the effectiveness of India’s strategic planning and military capabilities, particularly the use of indigenous weaponry like the BrahMos missile. The successful execution of Operation Sindoor not only thwarted a potential Pakistani counterattack but also demonstrated India’s commitment to proactive defense measures. The operation’s success has bolstered India’s defense posture and highlighted the importance of maintaining technological superiority in the region.
Furthermore, the international acknowledgment of India’s military precision and preparedness may strengthen its diplomatic standing and deterrence capabilities, contributing to regional stability.
May 29, 2025
- → Panama Backs India’s Bid for Permanent UNSC Seat
- → CDS to Attend Shangri-La Dialogue to Strengthen Defence Diplomacy
- → Possibility of India-US Interim Trade Deal by June 25
- → India, Africa Share Deep Solidarity: EAM S. Jaishankar
- → Indian Parliamentary Delegation Strengthens Anti-Terror Ties in Saudi Arabia
What happened?
Panama’s Foreign Minister Javier Martinez Acha backed India’s bid for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) during his address to an All-Party Parliamentary Delegation led by Congress leader Shashi Tharoor. Acha noted that India-Panama relations are rooted in mutual respect and a shared vision of prosperity and peace. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar had previously stated that the Indian government accords the highest priority to gaining permanent membership in an expanded UNSC, engaging both bilaterally and multilaterally. India is working alongside other reform-oriented countries through groups like G-4 (India, Japan, Brazil, and Germany) and the L.69 Group.
Why it matters to India
Panama’s support for India’s permanent UNSC seat strengthens India’s diplomatic efforts to gain a greater voice in global governance. This endorsement highlights growing international recognition of India’s role and influence on the world stage. Securing a permanent seat in the UNSC is a key foreign policy objective for India, aiming to ensure its rightful place in shaping international peace and security decisions and to better represent the Global South.
What happened?
Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan will visit Singapore from May 30 to June 01, 2025, to attend the 22nd edition of the Shangri-La Dialogue, Asia’s premier defence and security summit. During the visit, General Chauhan will hold bilateral meetings with Chiefs of Defence Forces and senior military leadership from several foreign countries, including Australia, European Union, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, UK, and USA. He will also address the Academia, Think Tanks, and Researchers on the topic ‘Future Wars and Warfare’ and participate in sessions on ‘Defence Innovation Solutions for Future Challenges’.
Why it matters to India
General Chauhan’s participation in the Shangri-La Dialogue provides a crucial platform to strengthen defence cooperation, discuss mutual security interests, and enhance India’s strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific region. His engagements with global military leadership will contribute to defence diplomacy and allow India to share its perspectives on future warfare and defence innovation. This active participation underscores India’s growing role in addressing Indo-Pacific security challenges.
What happened?
There is a possibility that India and the United States may agree on an interim trade pact by June 25, with a team of US officials expected to visit India next month for trade talks. India’s chief negotiator, Special Secretary in the Department of Commerce Rajesh Agrawal, recently concluded a four-day visit to Washington, holding talks with his US counterpart. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal also visited Washington to provide impetus to trade talks. Both sides are looking for an interim trade deal before the first tranche of the proposed bilateral trade agreement (BTA) as the USA’s 26% reciprocal tariff on India is suspended until July 9. India is pushing for full exemption from this tariff in the interim deal.
Why it matters to India
Concluding an interim trade deal with the US by June 25 is significant for India as it could provide full exemption from the 26% reciprocal tariff, thereby boosting Indian exports. The US remained India’s largest trading partner for the fourth consecutive year, with bilateral trade valued at $131.84 billion in 2024-25. A successful trade agreement would help India achieve its goal of increasing bilateral trade to $500 billion by 2030 and could open new market access for labor-intensive sectors such as textiles, gems and jewellery, and leather goods.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar stated that India and Africa share a “deep solidarity” and an “unshakeable friendship” during the Africa Day celebrations in Delhi. He affirmed India’s full commitment to Africa’s development, prosperity, and progress. Jaishankar also emphasized that as Global South partners, India “strongly advocates a greater voice for Africa” in global institutions and discourse. He noted that the partnership continues to strengthen in trade, development cooperation, capacity building, and security.
Why it matters to India
Jaishankar’s remarks underscore India’s commitment to strengthening its strategic partnership with African nations. Advocating for a greater voice for Africa in global forums aligns with India’s foreign policy objectives of promoting a multipolar world order and fostering South-South cooperation. Enhanced collaboration in trade, development, and security benefits both India and Africa, contributing to shared prosperity and addressing common challenges.
What happened?
An all-party parliamentary delegation from India, led by BJP MP Baijayant Jay Panda, visited Saudi Arabia from May 27 to 29, 2025, as part of India’s global diplomatic outreach following the April 22 Pahalgam terrorist attack. The delegation met with Adel Al-Jubeir, Saudi Arabia’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, to convey India’s firm stance against terrorism and seek continued cooperation in countering extremism. They emphasized the need for coordinated global action, including dismantling terrorist infrastructure, cutting off financing and safe havens, and rejecting political justification for terrorist activities. The delegation also engaged with Dr. Mishaal Al-Sulami, Deputy Speaker of the Shura Council, and noted Saudi Arabia’s consistent support on counter-terrorism issues.
Why it matters to India
This visit is part of India’s broader diplomatic initiative to highlight its anti-terrorism resolve and garner international support following the Pahalgam attack. Strengthening cooperation with Saudi Arabia on counter-terrorism and de-radicalization is crucial for India’s national security and for combating global extremism. The engagement reinforces India’s stance that terrorism cannot be justified and seeks to ensure international solidarity in addressing the threat of terrorism.
May 28, 2025
- → UN to Honour Two Indian Peacekeepers Posthumously
- → President of Paraguay to Pay State Visit to India
- → India Records $81.04 Billion FDI Inflow in FY 2024–25
- → DRDO Inaugurates Quantum Technology Research Centre
- → Panama Backs India’s Anti-Terror Stand During Tharoor-Led Delegation Visit
- → Foreign Secretary Misri Advocates Early India-US Strategic Trade Talks
What happened?
Two Indian peacekeepers, Brigadier Amitabh Jha and Havildar Sanjay Singh, who lost their lives while serving under the UN flag last year, will be honoured posthumously with the Dag Hammarskjold medal by the United Nations. The ceremony will take place on May 29, coinciding with the International Day of UN Peacekeepers. Brigadier Jha served with the UN Disengagement Observer Force, and Havildar Singh was deployed with the UN Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. India is the fourth largest contributor of uniformed personnel to UN Peacekeeping, currently deploying over 5,300 military and police personnel to various UN peace operations.
Why it matters to India
The posthumous honouring of Indian peacekeepers underscores India’s significant and consistent contribution to global peace and security through UN peacekeeping missions. This recognition highlights the sacrifices made by Indian armed forces personnel in the line of duty and reinforces India’s commitment to multilateralism and international cooperation. It also strengthens India’s standing as a responsible global actor and a key contributor to UN initiatives.
What happened?
H.E. Mr. Santiago Peña Palacios, the President of Paraguay, will pay a State Visit to India from June 02 to 04, 2025, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He will be accompanied by a high-level delegation, including ministers, senior officials, and business representatives. This will be the first visit by President Peña to India and only the second visit by a President of Paraguay. During the visit, President Peña will hold talks with Prime Minister Modi to review bilateral relations, meet with President Droupadi Murmu, and also visit Mumbai to engage with political leadership, business, and industry representatives, startups, innovators, and tech leaders.
Why it matters to India
This State Visit provides a significant opportunity for India to comprehensively review and strengthen its warm and friendly ties with Paraguay, an important trading partner in the Latin American region. Discussions will cover trade, agriculture, health, pharmaceuticals, and information technology, promoting economic cooperation and investment. Both countries share common views on international issues such as UN reforms, climate change, renewable energy, and combating terrorism, which can lead to enhanced diplomatic collaboration on global platforms.
What happened?
India recorded a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow of $81.04 billion (provisional) in Fiscal Year 2024–25, marking a 14% increase from $71.28 billion in FY 2023–24. This growth is attributed to the government’s investor-friendly FDI policy, which keeps most sectors open for 100% FDI through the automatic route. The services sector was the top recipient, attracting 19% of total inflows, followed by computer software and hardware (16%) and trading (8%). Manufacturing FDI also grew by 18% in FY 2024–25, reaching $19.04 billion. Maharashtra accounted for the highest share (39%) of total FDI equity inflows, with Singapore leading as the top source country (30%). Over the last eleven financial years (2014–25), India attracted FDI worth $748.78 billion, a 143% increase over the previous eleven years (2003–14).
Why it matters to India
The substantial increase in FDI inflows reaffirms India’s position as a preferred global investment hub. This reflects growing international confidence in India’s economic resilience and the effectiveness of its proactive policy framework. The diversification of FDI across sectors and the increase in source countries from 89 to 112 highlight India’s growing global appeal as an investment destination, contributing to job creation and economic growth.
What happened?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) inaugurated the Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC) at Metcalfe House, Delhi, on May 27, 2025. The facility was inaugurated by Dr. Samir V. Kamat, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, DRDO, to strengthen indigenous quantum capabilities for strategic and defence applications. The QTRC is equipped with state-of-the-art experimental set-ups for research and development in critical quantum domains, including the characterization of lasers, test-beds for evaluating single-photon sources, and experimental platforms for developing Quantum Key Distribution techniques for ultra-secure communication. It also focuses on foundational technologies such as Ultra-Small Atomic Clocks for precise timekeeping in Global Navigation Satellite System-denied environments and Atomic Magnetometers for ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection.
Why it matters to India
The inauguration of the QTRC is a significant step towards bolstering India’s indigenous quantum capabilities for strategic and defence applications. This initiative, as a key stakeholder in the National Quantum Mission, commits DRDO to fostering indigenous innovation and developing sovereign quantum technologies, which are crucial for securing India’s strategic future in areas like secure communications and post-quantum cryptography. The advancements in quantum technology will enable ultra-secure communication and safeguard national security in the post-quantum era.
What happened?
On May 28, 2025, an all-party Indian parliamentary delegation led by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor visited Panama as part of India’s global diplomatic outreach following Operation Sindoor. The delegation met with Dana Castaneda, President of Panama’s National Assembly, who assured support for India’s “war against terror.” Tharoor presented Castaneda with a Kashmiri shawl, symbolizing the Pahalgam terror attack’s victims, and received a warrior symbol in return, signifying solidarity.
The delegation, comprising MPs from various political parties, also visited the Indian Cultural Centre in Panama City, offering prayers at a local temple. Notably, Muslim MP Sarfraz Ahmad joined Hindu and Sikh colleagues in the temple visit, exemplifying interfaith unity.
Addressing the Indian diaspora in Panama, Tharoor emphasized India’s zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism and highlighted the nation’s response to the April 22 Pahalgam attack, which claimed 26 lives. He reiterated that India’s desire for peace is not reciprocated by Pakistan and called for global action against terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This visit underscores India’s commitment to garnering international support against terrorism. By engaging with Panama, a key partner in Central America, India aims to strengthen global alliances and present a united front against cross-border terrorism. The delegation’s outreach reflects India’s strategic efforts to isolate terror sponsors diplomatically and reinforce its global stance on counter-terrorism.
What happened?
On May 27, 2025, India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri met with U.S. Under Secretary Jeffrey Kessler in Washington, D.C., to discuss enhancing bilateral cooperation in critical and emerging technologies. The meeting emphasized the early convening of the India-U.S. Strategic Trade Dialogue, aiming to deepen collaboration in technology and trade sectors.
Misri’s visit, scheduled from May 27 to 29, follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s February 2025 trip to the U.S., during which both nations launched the India-U.S. COMPACT (Catalysing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce & Technology) for the 21st Century. This initiative seeks to drive transformative change across key pillars of cooperation.
Why it matters to India
The early convening of the Strategic Trade Dialogue is pivotal for India to strengthen its position in global technology supply chains and to attract investments in high-tech sectors. By fostering closer ties with the U.S., India aims to enhance its technological capabilities and economic growth, aligning with its broader strategic objectives.
May 27, 2025
- → India Approves 5th Generation Fighter Jet Programme
- → India Urges Ethical AI, Stronger Cultural Property Laws at BRICS Forum
- → Foreign Secretary Misri to Visit US
What happened?
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved the “Execution Model” for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) programme. This program aims to design and produce India’s own fleet of next-generation combat aircraft, making India one of the few nations with this capability. The project will be led by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in partnership with private industry. For the first time, a private industry can participate in a project involving key technology development. An Expression of Interest (EoI) for the AMCA Development Phase will be issued shortly. The Rs. 15,000-crore project is for the design and prototype development of the aircraft, which will have two variants with different engine thrusts, including one powered by a new indigenous engine being developed.
Why it matters to India
This approval is a major push towards “Atmanirbharta” (self-reliance) in India’s defence capabilities and fosters a robust domestic aerospace industrial ecosystem. Allowing private industry participation is a significant step towards harnessing indigenous expertise and capacity, which is crucial for developing the AMCA prototype and achieving self-reliance in the aerospace sector. This program is essential for the Indian Air Force (IAF) to acquire advanced fifth-generation fighter jets, enhancing India’s air power and strategic defence capabilities.
What happened?
Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, addressing the BRICS Culture Ministers’ Meeting in Brazil, called for BRICS to lead not just geopolitically but also civilisationally, by fostering a “cultural ecosystem” that celebrates diversity, deepens humanity, and anchors progress in shared values. He advocated for “stronger legal frameworks” to combat illicit trafficking of cultural property and for “ethical AI” that respects cultural diversity. The ministerial-level dialogue culminated in the adoption of a Joint Declaration outlining four strategic cultural priorities: “Culture, Creative Economy, and Artificial Intelligence (AI); Culture, Climate Change, and the Post-2030 Development Agenda; Return and Safeguarding of Cultural Property; and BRICS Cultural Festivals and Alliances”.
Why it matters to India
India’s push for ethical AI and stronger cultural property laws at a prominent international forum like BRICS is significant for safeguarding its cultural heritage and promoting responsible technological development. The emphasis on a “cultural ecosystem” and restitution of cultural property aligns with India’s “Vikas bhi, Virasat bhi” (development and heritage must walk together) vision, demonstrating its commitment to cultural diplomacy and civilisational justice. This initiative also strengthens India’s leadership role in promoting inclusive digital growth and sustainable development within the Global South.
What happened?
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri will travel to Washington, D.C., for a three-day visit to the US from May 27 to 29, 2025. The visit is a follow-up to the Prime Minister’s visit to the United States in February 2025, when both sides launched the India-U.S. COMPACT (Catalysing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce & Technology) for the 21st Century. Under this initiative, both countries committed to a results-driven agenda, with initial outcomes expected this year to demonstrate mutual trust and partnership. PM Modi was among the first world leaders to visit the US under the new administration, invited within three weeks of its formation.
Why it matters to India
This visit highlights the growing strategic convergence between the US and India and reinforces the commitment to a dynamic defence partnership. It is a crucial step in advancing defence ties, with plans to sign a new ten-year Framework for the US-India Major Defence Partnership later this year. This engagement is vital for deepening bilateral cooperation across various domains, including military partnership, commerce, and technology, contributing to India’s strategic interests.
May 26, 2025
- → India, Canada Foreign Ministers Hold First Call to Mend Ties
- → India Resumes Issuing Visas to Afghan Nationals
- → French Senate Panel Concludes India Visit
- → Indian Parliamentary Delegation Visits Republic of Korea on Counter-Terrorism
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and his new Canadian counterpart, Anita Anand, held their first phone conversation. The discussion focused on deepening bilateral economic ties and advancing shared priorities. Anand assumed charge as Canada’s foreign minister this month in Prime Minister Mark Carney’s new Cabinet. Carney’s election victory was seen as an opportunity to repair ties between India and Canada that came under severe strain during the prime ministership of Justin Trudeau. The ties were severely hit following Trudeau’s allegations in September 2023 regarding the “potential” involvement of Indian agents in the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, which New Delhi strongly rejected as “absurd”.
Why it matters to India
This initial conversation between the foreign ministers signals a potential positive shift in India-Canada relations, which had been under significant strain. Restoring trust and strengthening economic cooperation are vital for India, especially given the opportunities for trade and investment between the two countries. After Trudeau’s exit, New Delhi expressed hope to rebuild ties with Canada based on “mutual trust and sensitivity”.
What happened?
India has resumed granting visas to Afghan citizens across multiple categories, including business, medical, and entry visas for artists and relatives. This follows a five-year suspension of all visa services after the Taliban’s takeover in Kabul. A notification on the government’s official visa portal confirmed the rollout of the ‘New AFGHAN Visa’ module last month. The updated portal lists categories such as student, business, medical, medical attendant, and UN diplomat visas, requiring applicants to upload a recent front-facing photograph, passport, and national ID card. This move coincides with India’s efforts to engage with the Taliban regime through diplomatic channels, with recent discussions focusing on security, student visas, and humanitarian access.
Why it matters to India
Resuming visa services for Afghan nationals signifies India’s cautious re-engagement with Afghanistan amid regional security and humanitarian challenges. This step can facilitate humanitarian aid, educational opportunities, and business ties, strengthening India’s soft power and diplomatic presence in the region. These initiatives underline India’s steady re-engagement with Afghanistan.
What happened?
A French Senate delegation, led by Senator Catherine Dumas, visited India from May 18 to 23, 2025, to strengthen cooperation between the two countries. The delegation, from France’s Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and the Armed Forces, built on previous visits and followed up on a 2020 Senate report titled “India, a Strategic Partner”. They held bilateral talks with Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri focusing on global and regional developments, defence cooperation, and the Indo-French strategic partnership. The group also engaged with Indian parliamentarians from the Standing Committees on Defence and External Affairs, and received a guided tour of India’s new Parliament building. At the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the French delegation met with Chairman Samir V. Kamat to discuss opportunities for joint development and technological cooperation under the India-France Defence Industrial Roadmap. The senators also visited Digantara, a leading Indian space-tech start-up, and the Thales Engineering Competence Centre in Bengaluru, highlighting Indo-French collaboration in aerospace and defence innovation. In Mumbai, the delegation toured the SUEZ water treatment facility and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd, a key player in India’s naval sector involved in building Scorpene/Kalvari-class submarines under technology transfer from France.
Why it matters to India
This visit reinforced the strong and multifaceted partnership between India and France, emphasizing mutual cooperation in defence, technology, and sustainable development. The discussions on joint development and technological cooperation, particularly in the defence and aerospace sectors, are crucial for India’s strategic autonomy and its “Make in India” initiative. Both sides expressed optimism about deepening ties and exploring new avenues for collaboration, further solidifying the strategic relationship.
What happened?
An All-Party Parliamentary Delegation, led by Member of Parliament Sanjay Kumar Jha, visited the Republic of Korea (ROK) to brief Korean dignitaries on India’s stance of zero tolerance against terrorism, specifically Operation Sindoor and the Pahalgam terror attack. The delegation highlighted Pakistan’s involvement in orchestrating the terror attack and its efforts to cause social disharmony in India. They informed Korean officials that India’s initial and subsequent response was “measured, targeted, non-escalatory, and responsible”. The delegation reaffirmed India’s “New Normal” of swift and decisive retaliation against terrorism on India’s terms and reiterated that dialogue cannot coexist with terror, emphasizing that no distinction can be made between terrorists and their sponsors. The Korean side conveyed their firm opposition to terrorism and expressed understanding of India’s position.
Why it matters to India
This visit is crucial for India to convey its “New Normal” policy of swift and decisive retaliation against terrorism to international partners. Gaining understanding and support from countries like South Korea for India’s counter-terrorism measures helps in isolating state sponsors of terrorism in global forums, including the FATF.
May 24, 2025
- → EAM Jaishankar Meets German Foreign Minister, Discusses Bilateral Ties
- → MEA: Pakistan’s Conduct Led to Indus Waters Treaty Abeyance
- → Indian MPs Meet Japanese Leaders, Discuss Counter-Terrorism
- → Security Concerns Prompt Review of India-Turkey Aviation Ties
What happened?
On May 23, 2025, India’s External Affairs Minister met with German Foreign Minister Wadephul Johann in Berlin to discuss various dimensions of bilateral cooperation, ranging from trade, technology, and investment to defense, security, energy, sustainability, mobility of talent, and societal exchanges. The discussions acknowledged the significant churn in the world order, characterized by political uncertainty and economic volatility, and the challenges posed by technology, particularly AI. The German Foreign Minister had previously called the EAM on his first day in office to express support during India’s battle against terrorism.
Earlier on the same day, India’s EAM also met with Chancellor Merz, Foreign and Security Policy Advisor Dr. Sautter, and Economy and Energy Minister Katherina Reiche, holding productive conversations. Additionally, the EAM met with a cross-section of German Parliamentarians, thanking them for their consistent support for India-Germany ties. The EAM also highlighted India’s zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism and its commitment to dealing with Pakistan bilaterally, especially following the Pahalgam terror attack.
Why it matters to India
This meeting holds significant strategic importance for India as Germany is its largest economic partner in the European Union. The discussions underscore India’s commitment to strengthening economic and people-to-people linkages and promoting deeper trust and transparency in the digital domain, which are crucial for navigating the current global challenges. The emphasis on creating more resilient and reliable supply chains directly aligns with India’s economic security and growth ambitions. Furthermore, the discussions on defense and security are vital for India’s strategic interests, particularly in the context of global uncertainties. Germany’s understanding of India’s right to self-defense against terrorism is a critical aspect of their bilateral relations, reinforcing India’s stance on national security. The long-standing cooperation in forums like the G4 for UN reform and the G20 further solidify Germany’s role as an important partner in India’s multilateral diplomatic efforts.
What happened?
The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) informed a parliamentary committee that India’s decision to put the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance is a natural outcome of Pakistan’s effective abeyance of the agreement’s guiding principles, including friendship and goodwill. The MEA stated that Pakistan has been “stonewalling” India’s requests for government-to-government negotiations over the treaty, despite significant changes in ground realities such as engineering techniques, climate change, melting glaciers, and variations in water availability. These factors, along with a quest for clean energy, necessitate renegotiation of the treaty’s terms.
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed a parliamentary committee, noting that the 1960 treaty’s preamble emphasizes a “spirit of goodwill, and friendship,” principles which Pakistan has held in abeyance. He also highlighted that “unrelenting cross-border terrorism from Pakistan interferes with our ability to exploit the treaty as per its provisions”. Misri also briefed multi-party delegations visiting 33 countries and the European Union to explain India’s position following the conflict with Pakistan and “Operation Sindoor” after the April 22 terror strike in Pahalgam. Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently stated that “blood and water can not flow together”.
Why it matters to India
This development is of critical importance to India as it directly addresses issues of national security, water resource management, and regional stability. By putting the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, India is asserting its right to respond to Pakistan’s actions, particularly in the context of cross-border terrorism, which India views as a violation of the treaty’s spirit. The need to renegotiate the treaty’s terms due to environmental changes and outdated engineering techniques is vital for India’s long-term water security and energy requirements. This move also sends a strong diplomatic message to the international community regarding India’s stance on Pakistan’s conduct and its willingness to take decisive action to protect its interests. The explanation provided to international delegations underscores India’s effort to garner global understanding and support for its position
What happened?
From May 22-24, 2025, an all-party delegation from India, led by Member of Parliament Sanjay Kumar Jha, visited Japan for high-level engagements with Japan’s political leadership, media, senior officials, and members of the diplomatic corps. The delegation met with Mr. Fukushiro Nukaga, Speaker of the House of Representatives, who conveyed condolences for the victims of the terror attack in Pahalgam and firmly condemned terrorism. He emphasized the importance of working closely with India to combat terrorism for peace and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region.
Sanjay Kumar Jha conveyed that the recent terrorist attack was a deliberate attempt to disrupt peace in Jammu and Kashmir and reaffirmed India’s zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism, making no distinction between terrorists and those who harbor or support them. He noted India’s response through “Operation Sindoor” was precise, proportionate, and non-escalatory, and sought Japan’s support in combating terror and bringing perpetrators of cross-border terrorism from Pakistan to justice. The delegation also interacted with the Japan-India Parliamentary Friendship League, led by Mr. Yasutoshi Nishimura, and met with Former Defense Minister Mr. Minoru Kihara, Director General of the International Bureau of the LDP Ms. Shinako Tsuchiya, and Acting Chairman of the LDP’s Research Commission on Public Safety Mr. Yasuhiro Hanashi. In all meetings, India’s zero-tolerance policy was firmly conveyed, emphasizing that there can be no neutral voice in the fight against terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This visit is crucial for India as it reinforces its firm stance on counter-terrorism on an international platform, particularly with a key strategic partner like Japan. Gaining Japan’s support in combating cross-border terrorism and bringing perpetrators to justice is vital for India’s national security and its efforts to isolate Pakistan on the issue of terrorism. The discussions on shared commitment to combat global threats highlight the growing convergence of strategic interests between India and Japan in maintaining regional stability. By engaging with various Japanese stakeholders, including parliamentarians and media, India effectively communicates its counter-terrorism stance and garners international understanding and support for its actions. This diplomatic outreach is essential for strengthening India’s position against terrorism and ensuring regional peace.
What happened?
India is set to discuss IndiGo’s codeshare and leasing agreements with Turkish Airlines with its security agencies to determine further action. This move follows growing public anger in India regarding Turkey’s support for Pakistan after a recent attack on tourists in Jammu and Kashmir by Islamist assailants. Civil Aviation Minister Rammohan Naidu confirmed that input is being taken from IndiGo and security agencies.
IndiGo and Turkish Airlines entered a codeshare partnership in 2018, expanding IndiGo’s international reach. Since 2023, Turkish Airlines has also provided two aircraft with pilots and crew to IndiGo for New Delhi- and Mumbai-to-Istanbul routes under a leasing arrangement. These agreements have faced increasing calls for cancellation. Previously, Air India lobbied Indian officials to halt the leasing tie-up, citing business impact and security concerns due to Istanbul’s support for Pakistan. The Indian government recently revoked the security clearance of Turkish ground handling service firm Celebi, citing national security, which led to a lawsuit. There is also a growing boycott of Turkish products by Indian grocery shops and online retailers following Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan’s public solidarity with Pakistan after India’s military strikes in response to the killing of tourists.
Why it matters to India
This development holds significant implications for India’s economic and security interests. The review of aviation ties reflects India’s strong response to perceived support for terrorism and aims to protect its national security interests. The potential disruption of the IndiGo-Turkish Airlines partnership could impact India’s aviation sector and international connectivity, particularly for long-haul routes to Europe and the U.S.. The boycott of Turkish products further demonstrates the public sentiment and economic leverage India is willing to exert in response to geopolitical stances perceived as hostile. This move also highlights India’s commitment to prioritizing national security over commercial interests when faced with geopolitical tensions and support for entities perceived as hostile.
May 23, 2025
- → India and Germany Aim to Strengthen Strategic Partnership
- → India’s All-Party Delegations Engage Global Partners to Highlight Pakistan’s Role in Terrorism
- In Russia, a delegation led by DMK MP Kanimozhi met with Russian officials, including Andre Denison, First Deputy Chair of the Committee on International Affairs, and Leonid Slutsky, Chair of the State Duma Committee. The delegation emphasized India’s ‘zero-tolerance’ policy towards terrorism and sought Russia’s support in isolating Pakistan on the international stage.
- In the United Arab Emirates, a delegation led by Shiv Sena MP Shrikant Shinde engaged with UAE’s Minister of Tolerance, Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan. The discussions focused on India’s commitment to combating terrorism and the importance of international cooperation in this endeavor.
- In Japan, a delegation led by JD(U) MP Sanjay Kumar Jha met with Japanese Foreign Minister Takeshi Iwaya. Japan reaffirmed its support for India’s anti-terrorism efforts and appreciated India’s restraint, emphasizing the need to punish terrorist perpetrators.
- → India Seeks to Re-List Pakistan on FATF Grey List, Intensifies Financial Pressure
- → Bangladesh Cancels $21 Million Tugboat Deal with Indian Shipyard Amid Strained Ties
What happened?
On May 23, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met with German Chancellor Friedrich Merz in Berlin during the final leg of his European tour. He conveyed Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s best wishes and expressed India’s commitment to elevating the bilateral strategic partnership. Discussions focused on enhancing talent linkages, industry partnerships, and building resilient supply chains. Jaishankar also appreciated Germany’s solidarity in combating terrorism.
Why it matters to India
Germany is a key partner for India in Europe, and strengthening this relationship supports India’s goals in global trade, technology, and security. Collaborations on talent exchange and supply chain resilience are crucial for India’s economic growth and strategic autonomy. Germany’s support in counter-terrorism efforts aligns with India’s security objectives, especially in the context of regional challenges.
What happened?
As part of a comprehensive diplomatic initiative following Operation Sindoor and the Pahalgam terror attack, India has dispatched seven multi-party delegations to 33 countries. These delegations aim to present a unified national stance against terrorism and to expose Pakistan’s alleged involvement in cross-border terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This global outreach underscores India’s determination to counter terrorism and to hold Pakistan accountable for its alleged support of terrorist activities. By engaging with international partners, India seeks to build a consensus on the need for collective action against terrorism and to reinforce its position on the global stage. The involvement of multi-party delegations also highlights the domestic political unity in India regarding the fight against terrorism.
What happened?
India is preparing to urge the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to re-add Pakistan to its “grey list” during the upcoming June 2025 plenary session. This move follows India’s concerns over Pakistan’s alleged non-compliance with commitments to curb terror financing, particularly regarding UN-designated terrorist groups operating from its territory. India is compiling a detailed dossier highlighting these concerns to support its case.
In addition to the FATF initiative, India plans to oppose forthcoming World Bank funding for Pakistan, aiming to limit Islamabad’s access to international financial assistance.
Why it matters to India
Re-listing Pakistan on the FATF grey list would subject it to increased monitoring and could restrict its access to global financial markets, thereby exerting economic pressure. India’s actions reflect its broader strategy to hold Pakistan accountable for alleged support of cross-border terrorism and to deter future incidents by leveraging international financial mechanisms.
These developments occur amid heightened tensions between the two nations, with India emphasizing the need for Pakistan to take verifiable actions against terrorism to restore trust and stability in the region.
What happened?
On May 23, 2025, Bangladesh canceled a $21 million contract with India’s Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) for the construction of an 800-tonne advanced ocean-going tug. The deal, signed in July 2024, was the first major agreement under a $500 million line of credit extended by India to Bangladesh for defense purchases. The cancellation comes amid deteriorating bilateral relations following the ouster of former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024.
Why it matters to India
The termination of this defense contract signifies a setback in India-Bangladesh military cooperation and may reflect Bangladesh’s shifting strategic alignments. India had been strengthening defense ties with Bangladesh to counter China’s growing influence, especially after Bangladesh acquired submarines from China. The cancellation could impact India’s efforts to maintain regional influence and secure defense partnerships in South Asia.
May 22, 2025
- → PM Modi unveils three pronged counter-terror doctrine
- → India Declares Pakistani Official Persona Non Grata
- → India Stresses Maritime and Anti-Terror Strategy at UN
- → India Hosts Second Blue Talks Ahead of UN Ocean Conference
- → India Assumes Chairmanship of Asian Productivity Organization
- → India Participates in 24th IORA Council of Ministers Meeting
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India’s armed forces carried out “Operation Sindoor,” destroying nine terror hideouts across the border in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in 22 minutes, in retaliation for the April 22 terror attack. Describing this as a “new form of justice,” PM Modi unveiled a three-pronged counter-terror doctrine. The doctrine states that India will respond decisively to any terror attack on its soil, that nuclear blackmail will not deter India, and that terrorists, their masters, and supporting governments will be judged by the same yardstick. PM Modi specifically stated that Pakistan’s distinction between state and non-state actors would no longer serve as a pretext for terror support.
Why it matters to India
This new counter-terror doctrine signifies a fundamental shift in India’s approach to terrorism, emphasizing a proactive and decisive response to attacks. By stating that India will not be deterred by nuclear blackmail and will hold state sponsors accountable, the Prime Minister signals a more aggressive stance against cross-border terrorism. This assertiveness aims to enhance India’s security and demonstrates a strong resolve to punish those involved in terror activities, reinforcing India’s commitment to protecting its sovereignty and citizens.
What happened?
On May 21, 2025, the Government of India declared a Pakistani official working at the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi persona non grata, asking the individual to leave India within 24 hours. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) stated that the official was engaged in activities inconsistent with their official status. The Chargé d’Affaires of the Pakistan High Commission was issued a demarche to ensure Pakistani diplomats do not misuse their privileges. This marks the second Pakistani High Commission official expelled in less than a month. Additionally, the MEA strongly refuted Pakistan’s allegations regarding Indian involvement in a recent bombing in Khuzdar, Balochistan, describing them as “completely unfounded”.
Why it matters to India
This action signifies India’s firm stance against activities deemed detrimental to its national security and diplomatic decorum by foreign officials. Expelling the Pakistani official underscores India’s zero-tolerance policy towards intelligence gathering or subversive activities on its soil. The demarche to the Pakistan High Commission reinforces India’s expectation that diplomatic privileges are not abused. Furthermore, India’s strong rejection of Pakistan’s “baseless allegations” regarding the Balochistan bombing highlights its commitment to countering false narratives and protecting its international image. The MEA’s assertion that Pakistan attempts to shift blame to divert attention from its own internal issues and its reputation as a “global epicentre of terrorism” is crucial for India to expose Pakistan’s tactics on the international stage. This ensures that the global community is aware of India’s consistent position on state-sponsored terrorism and its commitment to upholding international peace and security.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, India told the UN Security Council that it views maritime security and countering terrorism as central to its national security and economic interests. India’s Permanent Representative to the UN, Parvathaneni Harish, stated that India is actively pursuing its role as a responsible maritime power to safeguard its interests and address emerging threats in the Indo-Pacific region. This address occurred during the UNSC high-level open debate on “Strengthening Maritime Security through International Cooperation for Global Stability”. Harish emphasized that India’s maritime security strategy is broad, addressing both traditional threats from state actors and non-traditional threats like piracy, smuggling, and maritime terrorism. He also highlighted the Indian Navy’s recent actions in the Western Arabian Sea, where it deployed over 35 ships, responded to over 30 incidents, and saved more than 520 lives.
Why it matters to India
India’s strong assertion at the UN Security Council highlights its critical focus on maritime security and counter-terrorism as cornerstones of its economic growth and national security. Given its extensive coastline and reliance on critical trade routes, safeguarding maritime interests is paramount for India’s economic prosperity. By actively promoting a free, open, and rules-based maritime order in accordance with UNCLOS, India reinforces its commitment to international law and stability in the Indo-Pacific. The significant actions taken by the Indian Navy in the Western Arabian Sea, including saving lives and escorting merchant vessels, demonstrate India’s robust defence capabilities and its role as a net security provider in the Indian Ocean Region. This engagement at the UN allows India to shape global discourse on maritime threats and garner international cooperation, aligning with Prime Minister Modi’s five basic principles for a holistic approach to maritime security, which include peaceful dispute settlement and joint efforts against non-state actors.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, in collaboration with the Embassies of France and Costa Rica, hosted the “Second Blue Talks” in New Delhi. This event was a preparatory milestone for the 3rd United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC3), scheduled for June 09-13, 2025, in Nice, France. The event, chaired by M. Ravichandran, Secretary, MoES, and co-chaired by Néstor Baltodano Vargas, Ambassador of Costa Rica to India, and Damien Syed, Deputy Head of Mission, French Embassy, convened leading scientists, policymakers, and various stakeholders. During the event, MoES launched a white paper titled “Transforming India’s Blue Economy: Investment, Innovation and Sustainable Growth”.
Why it matters to India
Hosting the Second Blue Talks demonstrates India’s proactive engagement in global ocean governance and its commitment to Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water). The launch of the white paper, “Transforming India’s Blue Economy: Investment, Innovation and Sustainable Growth,” highlights India’s strategic framework to leverage its vast marine resources for national progress, aligning with the Viksit Bharat vision for 2047. The report emphasizes the need for a unified approach across 25 ministries and coastal states, and addresses challenges such as limited data sharing, low private investment, and technology gaps, which are critical for India’s sustainable development. By promoting scalable models like women-led seaweed farming and smart port development, India is showcasing its potential for achieving both economic growth and environmental sustainability in the blue economy sector. This initiative also solidifies India’s G20 Presidency commitments and the Chennai High-Level Principles for a Sustainable and Resilient Blue Economy.
What happened?
India has formally assumed the Chairmanship of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) for the 2025–26 term. This occurred during the 67th Session of the Governing Body Meeting (GBM) of the APO, held from May 20–22, 2025, in Jakarta, Indonesia. The Indian delegation was led by Amardeep Singh Bhatia, Secretary, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), and APO Director for India. India reiterated its commitment to advancing the APO Vision 2030 and expanding the Green Productivity 2.0 framework.
Why it matters to India
Assuming the APO Chairmanship positions India as a leader in regional collaboration for digital transformation, sustainability, innovation, and entrepreneurship within the Asia-Pacific. This role allows India to significantly contribute to inclusive, responsive, and results-driven APO programs that address evolving productivity and development challenges. India’s continued participation in APO-led capacity-building initiatives, which involve over 100 Indian professionals annually, contributes to productivity improvements across its industrial, services, and agricultural sectors. Furthermore, India has implemented demonstration projects focusing on Green Productivity and Industry 4.0 applications for MSMEs, aligning with its broader economic and technological goals. As a founding member of the APO, India’s leadership reinforces its pivotal role in shaping the organization’s vision and supporting its initiatives, thereby enhancing its regional influence.
What happened?
On May 21, 2025, the 24th Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Meeting of the Council of Ministers (COM) was held virtually, hosted by IORA Chair Sri Lanka, under the theme “Sustainable Indian Ocean for Future Generation”. The Indian delegation was led by P. Kumaran, Secretary (East). India is currently the Vice-Chair of IORA and is part of the Troika, and will assume the Chairship of IORA for 2025-2027. Ministers and high-level delegates from all 22 IORA Member States and 12 Dialogue Partners participated, discussing regional interests and adopting the ‘Colombo Communiqué’. India reiterated its commitment to the well-being and progress of Indian Ocean nations, aligning with its Vision of the Indian Ocean Region.
Why it matters to India
India’s active participation and upcoming Chairship of IORA for 2025-2027 signify its increasing leadership role in the Indian Ocean Region, which is critical for its strategic and economic interests. As a Vice-Chair and future Chair, India is positioned to shape the regional agenda, fostering cooperation and collaboration among member states on issues of common interest. India’s commitment to the well-being and progress of Indian Ocean nations aligns with its broader vision for regional stability and prosperity. Importantly, India’s affirmation that terrorism in all its forms poses a serious threat to regional peace and development, and must be unequivocally condemned, reinforces its counter-terrorism efforts on a multilateral platform. This engagement is crucial for India to advance its security and economic objectives in a vital geopolitical space.
May 21, 2025
- → India’s Global Anti-Terror Outreach Begins with Delegations to UAE and Japan
- → Jaishankar Thanks Danish PM for Support in Combating Terrorism
- → India Highlights Maritime Security and Counterterrorism at UN
What happened?
On May 21, 2025, India initiated a global diplomatic outreach to explain the objectives and outcomes of Operation Sindoor, a military action targeting terror sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. All-party delegations, comprising members from various political parties including the BJP, Congress, TMC, JD(U), and Shiv Sena, embarked on visits to countries such as Japan, the UAE, Singapore, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed these delegations, emphasizing that the operation was aimed solely at terrorist infrastructure, not civilian or military installations. The delegations are tasked with conveying India’s stance on Pakistan’s alleged sponsorship of terrorism and garnering international support.
Why it matters to India
This outreach is significant for India to assert its position on counter-terrorism and to counter narratives that may portray its actions as aggressive. By involving a broad political spectrum in these delegations, the government aims to present a united front internationally. However, domestically, the ceasefire following Operation Sindoor has sparked political debates. The Congress party has questioned the government’s decision, seeking clarity on the role of the United States in brokering the ceasefire and calling for a special parliamentary session to discuss the matter.
The BJP has defended its actions, stating that the operation was a precise response to terrorism and that the ceasefire was a bilateral decision without external mediation. Foreign Secretary Misri reiterated this stance, denying any nuclear signaling from Pakistan and emphasizing the conventional nature of the conflict.
This diplomatic initiative reflects India’s efforts to maintain international support while navigating complex domestic political dynamics in the aftermath of heightened tensions with Pakistan.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen in Copenhagen during the second leg of his three-nation tour, which includes the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany. During the meeting, Jaishankar conveyed personal greetings from Prime Minister Narendra Modi and expressed gratitude for Denmark’s unwavering support in combating terrorism. He also appreciated Prime Minister Frederiksen’s guidance in advancing the India-Denmark partnership and highlighted the shared commitment to addressing global challenges through sustainable solutions.
Why it matters to India
Denmark’s solidarity in counterterrorism efforts reinforces India’s international campaign to isolate and counter extremist threats, especially in the aftermath of recent regional tensions. The meeting also underscored the importance of the India-Denmark Green Strategic Partnership, focusing on sustainable development and climate cooperation, aligning with India’s broader foreign policy objectives.
What happened?
On May 21, 2025, India addressed the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), highlighting maritime security and counterterrorism as pivotal to its national security and economic interests. Ambassador Parvathaneni Harish, India’s Permanent Representative to the UN, articulated India’s comprehensive strategy that balances robust defense capabilities, regional diplomacy, international cooperation, and domestic infrastructure development. This approach aims to address both traditional threats from state actors and non-traditional challenges such as piracy, smuggling, illegal fishing, and maritime terrorism.
Why it matters to India
India’s emphasis on maritime security stems from its extensive coastline and reliance on sea routes for trade and energy supplies. By advocating for a free, open, and rules-based maritime order in line with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), India seeks to safeguard its economic growth and regional stability. This stance also reflects India’s proactive role in addressing emerging threats in the Indo-Pacific region and underscores its commitment to international cooperation in maintaining global maritime security.
May 20, 2025
- → India Leads Call for Inclusive Energy Governance at BRICS Energy Ministers’ Meet
- → India Participates in World Hydrogen Summit, Highlights Green Hydrogen Vision
- → India-US Joint Working Group on Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation Holds 8th Meeting
- → Prime Minister Addresses 78th Session of World Health Assembly
- → Netherlands Defence Minister Affirms Closer Cooperation with India
- → Foreign Secretary Briefs MPs on Operation Sindoor
- → Retreat Ceremony Along Pakistan Border to Resume for Public
What happened?
On May 19, 2025, Union Minister for Power and Housing and Urban Affairs, Manohar Lal, led the Indian Delegation at the BRICS Energy Ministers’ Meeting in Brasília, emphasizing energy security and the need to strengthen BRICS cooperation for global economic stability and energy access. He highlighted India’s progress in clean energy, including a 90% increase in electricity capacity to 475 GW and becoming the world’s third-largest producer of solar and wind energy. The Ministers adopted a joint communiqué reaffirming commitment to SDG 7 and encouraging local currencies in energy trade. India also invited BRICS nations to its 2026 Energy Gathering.
Why it matters to India
This meeting holds significant importance for India as it aligns with the country’s strategic energy goals and its leadership aspirations within the Global South. By advocating for inclusive energy governance and strengthening BRICS cooperation, India aims to secure its energy future and promote equitable access to energy resources globally. The showcased achievements in renewable energy demonstrate India’s commitment to clean energy and its efforts to reduce carbon emissions, reinforcing its position as a major player in the global energy transition. The ambitious targets for green hydrogen and nuclear energy underscore India’s long-term vision for energy independence. The invitation to host the next BRICS Energy Gathering in 2026 further solidifies India’s growing influence in global energy discussions and its commitment to fostering international collaboration on energy security and sustainable development. The emphasis on using local currencies in energy trade also supports India’s broader economic and geopolitical objectives to reduce reliance on the US dollar.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, Santosh Kumar Sarangi, Secretary, Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, addressed the World Hydrogen Summit 2025 in Rotterdam, outlining India’s strategic vision for green hydrogen production. He noted India’s over 223 GW of installed renewable energy and its goal of energy independence by 2047 and Net Zero emissions by 2070. The National Green Hydrogen Mission, launched in 2023 with a USD 2.4 billion allocation, aims for 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen production by 2030, attracting USD 100 billion in investments, and creating over 600,000 jobs. India has already allocated significant production and electrolyzer manufacturing capacity, launched pilot projects, and enacted a Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme.
Why it matters to India
India’s participation in the World Hydrogen Summit and the detailed presentation of its Green Hydrogen Mission underscore the nation’s commitment to clean energy and its ambition to become a global leader in green hydrogen production and export by 2030. This initiative is crucial for India’s energy security, aiming to reduce dependence on external fossil fuel suppliers and achieve energy independence by 2047. The mission’s targets, including the substantial production capacity and investment attraction, are vital for economic growth and job creation within the country. Developing green hydrogen hubs at major ports and exempting green hydrogen plants from environmental clearance demonstrate India’s proactive approach to building the necessary infrastructure and regulatory framework for a thriving hydrogen economy. This push for green hydrogen aligns with India’s broader goal of achieving Net Zero emissions by 2070, contributing significantly to global decarbonization efforts.
What happened?
The 8th meeting of the India-US Joint Working Group on Aircraft Carrier Technology Cooperation (JWGACTC), under the India-US Defence Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI), was held in India from May 13 to 16, 2025. A US delegation led by Rear Admiral Casey Moton met with Indian counterparts, including Rear Admiral Vishal Bishnoi. Both sides appreciated progress in information exchange on Aircraft Carriers and discussed future cooperation plans, releasing a Joint Statement.
Why it matters to India
This meeting signifies a crucial step in strengthening the strategic defence partnership between India and the United States, particularly in the critical area of naval technology. Enhanced cooperation in Aircraft Carrier Technology is vital for India’s indigenous defence capabilities and its ambition to modernize its naval fleet. The exchange of valuable information and discussions on future collaboration will likely contribute to India’s efforts to develop and maintain advanced aircraft carriers, thereby bolstering its maritime security and power projection in the Indian Ocean region and beyond. This collaboration is also important for India’s broader defence indigenization efforts, potentially leading to technological transfers and joint development projects that reduce India’s reliance on foreign military equipment.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 78th Session of the World Health Assembly in Geneva via videoconferencing. He highlighted India’s ‘One World for Health’ vision, emphasizing inclusion, integrated vision, and collaboration for a healthy world. The Prime Minister showcased India’s health reforms, including Ayushman Bharat, the world’s largest health insurance scheme, and digital health initiatives. He noted a decline in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and an increase in Government Health Expenditure. He also stressed that India’s health approach offers replicable models for the Global South and encouraged participation in the upcoming International Day of Yoga.
Why it matters to India
Prime Minister Modi’s address at the World Health Assembly showcases India’s growing leadership in global health and its commitment to inclusive and sustainable healthcare models. By highlighting initiatives like Ayushman Bharat, India positions itself as a model for universal health coverage, demonstrating its ability to provide affordable and accessible healthcare on a large scale. The emphasis on digital health initiatives and telemedicine underscores India’s technological advancements in healthcare delivery and its potential to bridge healthcare disparities. India’s willingness to share its health learnings and best practices, particularly with the Global South, reinforces its role as a responsible global partner and aims to foster greater cooperation in addressing global health challenges. The reference to the INB treaty and the call for global cooperation against future pandemics also highlight India’s proactive stance in strengthening global health security.
What happened?
Ruben Brekelmans, Minister of Defence of the Netherlands, met with External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar in The Hague to discuss security challenges in Europe and Asia. Brekelmans stated that close cooperation with India is “more important than ever”. Jaishankar also met with Netherlands’ Foreign Minister Caspar Veldkamp, expressing gratitude for the Netherlands’ condemnation of the Pahalgam terror attack and support for a zero-tolerance policy against terrorism. Jaishankar’s visit is part of an official tour to the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany from May 19 to 24.
Why it matters to India
The Netherlands Defence Minister’s affirmation of closer cooperation with India highlights the growing strategic importance of India in the global security landscape. The discussions on security challenges in Europe and Asia and the benefits of a bilateral defence partnership indicate a convergence of interests between India and the Netherlands, which can lead to enhanced defence collaboration, including potential joint exercises, technology sharing, and intelligence cooperation. The Netherlands’ strong condemnation of the Pahalgam terror attack and support for a zero-tolerance policy against terrorism further strengthens India’s international efforts to combat terrorism. External Affairs Minister Jaishankar’s visit is part of a broader diplomatic outreach, aiming to deepen bilateral ties with key European nations and address global and regional matters of mutual interest, thereby enhancing India’s geopolitical influence and security partnerships.
What happened?
On May 20, 2025, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed a parliamentary committee on developments following Operation Sindoor. He clarified that tensions with Pakistan remained within conventional warfare bounds, with no nuclear signaling, and that the decision to halt military operations was bilateral. Misri also stated that Pakistan’s use of Chinese weaponry “did not matter,” as Indian forces had “hammered” Pakistani air bases. Operation Sindoor, launched by India on May 7, targeted terrorist sites in Pakistan and PoJK in response to the Pahalgam attack.
Why it matters to India
The Foreign Secretary’s briefing to the parliamentary committee is crucial for providing transparency and accountability on significant national security matters, particularly regarding military operations and cross-border tensions. His clarification on the absence of nuclear signaling from Pakistan is vital for reassuring the public and international community about the contained nature of the conflict and dispelling rumors of escalation. By asserting that the halt in military operations was a bilateral decision, India reinforces its sovereign decision-making and counters any external claims of mediation or influence. The briefing also highlights India’s decisive response to terrorism through Operation Sindoor, demonstrating its capability and resolve to target terrorist infrastructure across the border. This detailed briefing helps in shaping the national narrative and ensures that policymakers are well-informed on critical security developments impacting India’s interests.
What happened?
Officials announced on May 20, 2025, that the public flag-lowering retreat ceremony at Attari, Hussainiwala, and Sadki along the Pakistan frontier will resume from May 21. The Border Security Force (BSF) had stopped public entry on May 8, following Operation Sindoor. The ceremony will be curtailed, with no handshakes between BSF troops and Pakistan Rangers, and gates will not be opened during flag-lowering.
Why it matters to India
The resumption of the public retreat ceremony at the India-Pakistan border, even in a curtailed format, signals a return to a semblance of normalcy after heightened tensions following Operation Sindoor. This decision, while prioritizing public safety by adjusting certain traditional elements, also aims to maintain a sense of national pride and engagement for citizens who regularly attend these ceremonies. The BSF’s decision to resume public viewing demonstrates a controlled de-escalation while still adhering to necessary security precautions, reflecting India’s calibrated approach to managing its border with Pakistan. This move can also contribute to boosting public morale and showing resilience in the face of cross-border security challenges.
May 19, 2025
- → India and Iran Discuss Accelerated Development of Chabahar Port Amid Regional Tensions
- → India and Maldives Sign 13 MoUs to Enhance Ferry Services and Community Development
- → Jaishankar Embarks on First Post-Operation Sindoor Visit to Europe to Strengthen Strategic Ties
- → India Accuses China of Providing Satellite and Air Defense Support to Pakistan During Recent Conflict
- → Top Lashkar-e-Taiba Commander Abu Saifullah Killed in Pakistan’s Sindh Province
What happened?
On May 18, 2025, India’s National Security Advisor Ajit Doval held a phone conversation with his Iranian counterpart, Ali Akbar Ahmadian, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council. The discussion focused on enhancing bilateral cooperation, particularly the expedited development of the Chabahar Port and the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC). Doval emphasized Iran’s constructive role in regional affairs and expressed India’s commitment to advancing these strategic infrastructure projects. Ahmadian affirmed the importance of swiftly implementing these initiatives to bolster regional connectivity and stability.
Why it matters to India
The Chabahar Port, located in Iran’s Sistan-Balochistan province, serves as a critical gateway for India to access Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Amid recent India-Pakistan tensions, including Operation Sindoor, strengthening the Chabahar project enhances India’s strategic and economic interests in the region. The INSTC further facilitates trade between India, Iran, and other countries in Eurasia, reinforcing India’s role in regional connectivity and economic integration.
What happened?
On May 18, 2025, India and the Maldives signed 13 Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) under the third phase of the High Impact Community Development Project (HICDP). These projects, backed by an MVR 100 million (approximately ₹55 crore) grant from India, aim to enhance ferry services, improve inter-island connectivity, and uplift community livelihoods across the Maldives. The MoUs were signed by Maldivian Foreign Minister Dr. Abdulla Khaleel and Indian High Commissioner G. Balasubramanian, with Maldivian Transport Minister Mohamed Ameen representing the implementing agency.
Why it matters to India
This collaboration underscores India’s commitment to supporting the Maldives in its infrastructural and socio-economic development. By enhancing maritime connectivity, the initiative not only facilitates better access to essential services for Maldivian communities but also strengthens the strategic partnership between the two nations in the Indian Ocean region. Additionally, India’s continued support, including the recent rollover of a $50 million treasury bill to aid the Maldives amid its debt crisis, reflects its role as a reliable partner in the region.
What happened?
On May 19, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar commenced a six-day official visit to the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany. This marks his first overseas trip following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack and India’s subsequent Operation Sindoor. During this visit, Jaishankar is scheduled to meet with the leadership of all three nations to discuss a broad spectrum of bilateral relations and regional and global matters of mutual interest. A key focus of the discussions will be India’s zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism and the recent escalation in tensions with Pakistan. The visit also aims to reinforce strategic partnerships, with Germany being a significant trade partner and the Netherlands and Denmark collaborating with India on green transition initiatives.
Why it matters to India
This diplomatic outreach is crucial for India to apprise key European partners of its security concerns and counter-terrorism stance, especially in the wake of recent cross-border tensions. Engaging with these nations can bolster support for India’s position on terrorism and enhance cooperation in areas such as trade, technology, and sustainable development. Furthermore, strengthening ties with European countries aligns with India’s broader foreign policy objectives of diversifying strategic partnerships and asserting its role in global affairs
What happened?
According to the Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS), a think tank affiliated with India’s Ministry of Defence, China provided Pakistan with satellite and air defense support during the recent India-Pakistan conflict. Ashok Kumar, Director General of CENJOWS, stated that China assisted Pakistan in reorganizing its radar and air defense systems to better detect Indian military deployments. Additionally, China reportedly adjusted its satellite coverage over India in the two weeks between the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack and the onset of active hostilities. While the Indian government has not officially confirmed China’s involvement, these claims suggest a deeper level of Chinese participation in the conflict than previously acknowledged.
Why it matters to India
The alleged Chinese support to Pakistan during the conflict underscores a potential two-front security challenge for India, complicating its strategic calculations. Such involvement by China could signify a shift in regional power dynamics, prompting India to reassess its defense preparedness and diplomatic strategies. It also raises concerns about the extent of military collaboration between China and Pakistan, which may necessitate a reevaluation of India’s foreign policy and defense posture in the region.
What happened?
On May 18, 2025, Razaullah Nizamani, also known as Abu Saifullah Khalid, a senior commander of the Pakistan-based terrorist organization Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), was fatally shot by unidentified assailants in Matli, Sindh province, Pakistan. Nizamani was the mastermind behind several major terrorist attacks in India, including the 2006 attempted attack on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) headquarters in Nagpur, the 2005 shooting at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru, and the 2008 assault on a Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) camp in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh. He had been living under Pakistani government protection and was reportedly advised by Pakistani authorities to limit his movements following India’s Operation Sindoor. Despite these precautions, he was gunned down near his residence.
Why it matters to India
The elimination of Abu Saifullah represents a significant development in India’s ongoing efforts to combat cross-border terrorism. As a key figure in orchestrating attacks that claimed numerous Indian lives, his death disrupts the operational capabilities of LeT and serves as a setback to the organization’s activities targeting India. This incident also underscores the persistent threat posed by terrorist groups operating from Pakistani territory and highlights the importance of sustained counter-terrorism vigilance and international cooperation to address such challenges.
May 17, 2025
- → India, US Trade Ministers to Assess Bilateral Trade Agreement Progress
- → Union Minister to Attend BRICS Energy Ministers Meeting in brazil
- → EU, India Collaborate on Marine Pollution and Hydrogen Technology
- → India Sends All-Party Delegations to Convey Anti-Terrorism Message
What happened?
India and the US are set to deepen their economic engagement through high-level discussions on a proposed Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA), beginning 17 May in Washington D.C. The meetings will involve top trade and commerce officials from both countries. Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal is scheduled to hold talks with US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and US Trade Representative (USTR) Jamieson Greer.
The negotiations will cover approximately 19 chapters, including tariffs, services, rules of origin, non-tariff barriers, and customs facilitation. Chief negotiators from both sides will meet between 19 and 22 May, with India represented by Rajesh Agrawal and the US by Brendan Lynch.
The US has been India’s largest trading partner for the fourth consecutive year, with total bilateral trade reaching $131.84 billion in 2024–25.
Why it matters to India
The BTA negotiations are crucial for India to expand its trade relationship with the US and address key economic concerns. India is seeking duty concessions for its labour-intensive export sectors, such as textiles, leather goods, and gems and jewellery, to boost employment and export revenues. The outcome of these discussions will significantly impact India’s trade dynamics and its economic partnership with the US.
What happened?
Union Minister Manohar Lal is on an official visit to Brazil to attend the BRICS Energy Ministers’ Meeting on 19 May 2025. At the meeting, discussions will focus on energy security, accessibility, affordability, and sustainability.
India will showcase its achievements in the power sector, including increased power capacity, leadership in renewable energy, green hydrogen, and biofuels.
Why it matters to India
India’s active participation in the BRICS Energy Ministers’ Meeting provides a platform to highlight its advancements in the energy sector and advocate for its energy priorities. This engagement strengthens India’s collaboration with BRICS nations in building a robust and sustainable energy future. India’s focus on energy security and renewable energy aligns with its national development goals and its commitment to global energy transition.
What happened?
The European Union and India have joined hands to find innovative research solutions to combat marine pollution and develop waste-to-renewable hydrogen technologies. Under the EU-India Trade and Technology Council (TTC), two new research and innovation initiatives have been launched with a total investment of Euro 41 million (Rs 394 crore).
The first call focuses on combating marine pollution, with co-funding from the EU (Euro 12 million) and India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences (Rs 90 crore). The second call focuses on the development of waste-to-renewable hydrogen technologies, co-funded by the EU (Euro 10 million) and India’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (Rs 90 crore).
Why it matters to India
This collaboration with the EU is significant for India as it addresses critical environmental and energy challenges. The initiatives align with India’s focus on sustainable development, clean energy transition, and addressing marine pollution. By partnering with the EU, India can leverage expertise and resources to develop advanced technologies and implement effective solutions in these key areas.
What happened?
The government announced that seven all-party delegations would visit various countries later this month to rally global support for India’s fight against terrorism from Pakistan and to isolate Islamabad internationally. Three of these delegations will be headed by Opposition leaders.
The delegations will be led by Shashi Tharoor, Ravi Shankar Prasad, Baijayant Panda, Sanjay Kumar Jha, Kanimozhi Karunanidhi, Supriya Sule, and Shrikant Eknath Shinde.
The delegations are set to visit key partner countries, including members of the UN Security Council, to project India’s national consensus and resolute approach to combating terrorism.
Why it matters to India
This initiative showcases India’s united stance against cross-border terrorism and its proactive efforts to engage with key international partners on this critical issue. By sending all-party delegations, India aims to reinforce its message of zero-tolerance against terrorism and build international support for its counter-terrorism efforts. This is significant as it strengthens India’s diplomatic efforts to address its security concerns and seek cooperation on combating terrorism.
May 16, 2025
- → India and Pakistan Extend Ceasefire Until May 18; DGMOs to Hold Further Talks
- → India Proposes ₹50,000 Crore Defence Budget Increase Post-Operation Sindoor
- → India Establishes First Political Contact with Taliban
- → ndia Revokes Turkish Firm Çelebi Aviation’s License Over National Security Concerns
- → India Downplays Trump’s Criticism of Apple’s Manufacturing Shift
What happened?
India and Pakistan have agreed to extend their ceasefire along the Line of Control (LoC) and the international border until May 18, 2025. This decision follows the initial truce brokered on May 10, after a significant escalation sparked by the Pahalgam terror attack and India’s subsequent Operation Sindoor. The Director Generals of Military Operations (DGMOs) from both nations are scheduled to convene for further discussions to assess the situation and explore additional confidence-building measures.
Why it matters to India
The extension of the ceasefire provides India with a strategic pause to evaluate Pakistan’s commitment to curbing cross-border terrorism. It also offers an opportunity to reinforce India’s stance on national security and territorial integrity. The upcoming DGMO-level talks are crucial for addressing ongoing concerns and ensuring that the ceasefire leads to sustained peace and stability in the region. This development aligns with India’s broader objective of maintaining regional peace while remaining vigilant against any threats to its sovereignty.
What happened?
In the aftermath of Operation Sindoor, the Indian government is preparing to augment its defence budget by ₹50,000 crore. This supplementary allocation, expected to be introduced in the upcoming Winter Session of Parliament, would elevate the total defence outlay beyond ₹7 lakh crore for the fiscal year 2025–26. The additional funds are earmarked for bolstering research and development, procuring advanced weaponry, and enhancing ammunition reserves, reflecting India’s commitment to strengthening its military capabilities amid escalating tensions with Pakistan.
Why it matters to India
This proposed budgetary enhancement underscores India’s strategic shift towards a more assertive defence posture, particularly in light of recent cross-border hostilities. The increased funding aims to accelerate the modernization of the armed forces, ensuring readiness to counter emerging threats. Furthermore, it aligns with the nation’s broader objective of achieving self-reliance in defence production, thereby reducing dependency on foreign military imports and fostering indigenous technological advancements.
What happened?
On May 15, 2025, India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar held a telephone conversation with Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi, the acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan’s Taliban-led government. This marked the first political-level engagement between India and the Taliban since the group’s takeover of Kabul in August 2021. During the call, Jaishankar expressed deep appreciation for the Taliban’s strong condemnation of the April 22 Pahalgam terrorist attack, which resulted in the deaths of 26 civilians. He also welcomed Afghanistan’s rejection of attempts to create distrust between the two nations.
Why it matters to India
This diplomatic outreach signifies a potential shift in India’s approach toward Afghanistan under Taliban rule. By initiating direct political contact, India aims to address mutual concerns, particularly regarding regional security and counter-terrorism efforts. Engaging with the Taliban could facilitate cooperation in preventing Afghanistan from becoming a haven for terrorist activities that threaten India’s national security. Additionally, fostering a working relationship may help India safeguard its strategic interests in the region and contribute to broader stability in South Asia.
What happened?
On May 15, 2025, the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) of India revoked the security clearance of Çelebi Aviation’s Indian subsidiary, effectively terminating its operations at nine major airports, including Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru. This decision follows Turkey’s support for Pakistan during India’s Operation Sindoor, where Turkish-supplied drones were reportedly used in attacks against India. The revocation has led to the termination of Çelebi’s contracts by major airport operators, including the Adani Group.
Why it matters to India
The revocation underscores India’s commitment to safeguarding national security, especially concerning foreign entities involved in critical infrastructure. Çelebi’s operations in India were substantial, handling over 58,000 flights and 540,000 tonnes of cargo annually, and employing approximately 7,800 staff. The decision reflects India’s broader stance against nations supporting adversarial activities and highlights the country’s resolve to maintain the integrity of its aviation sector.
What happened?
On May 15, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump publicly expressed disapproval of Apple’s decision to expand iPhone production in India. He revealed that he had advised Apple CEO Tim Cook against manufacturing in India, citing concerns over high tariffs and emphasizing that Apple should prioritize U.S. manufacturing. In response, a senior Indian government official highlighted India’s emergence as a significant mobile manufacturing hub under the “Make in India” initiative. The official noted that India now assembles 15% of Apple’s iPhones, primarily for export to the U.S., and emphasized that companies like Apple make decisions based on manufacturing competitiveness rather than political statements.
Why it matters to India
India’s position as a growing hub for electronics manufacturing, particularly for global giants like Apple, is crucial for its economic development and employment generation. The government’s emphasis on competitiveness and infrastructure development has attracted significant foreign investment. Trump’s remarks, while politically charged, are unlikely to deter companies that recognize the strategic advantages of operating in India. Maintaining and enhancing this competitive edge is essential for India’s continued growth in the global manufacturing landscape.
May 15, 2025
- → Pakistan Signals Willingness to Discuss Indus Waters Treaty Terms with India
- → DRDO Develops Indigenous Seawater Desalination Membrane for Indian Coast Guard
- → Rajnath Singh Visits Srinagar Post-Operation Sindoor, Questions Pakistan’s Nuclear Safety
- → Erdogan Reaffirms Support for Pakistan Amid India’s ‘Boycott Turkey’ Campaign
What happened?
In the aftermath of Operation Sindoor and India’s suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), Pakistan has, for the first time, expressed readiness to engage in discussions regarding the treaty’s terms. Pakistan’s Water Resources Secretary, Syed Ali Murtaza, formally responded to India’s notification of the treaty’s suspension, offering to discuss specific provisions that India finds objectionable. This marks a significant shift from Pakistan’s initial stance, which included strong rhetoric against India’s decision.
Why it matters to India
The Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960, has been a cornerstone of India-Pakistan relations, governing the distribution of water from the Indus River system. India’s decision to suspend the treaty was a response to the Pahalgam terror attack and aimed at pressuring Pakistan to cease support for cross-border terrorism. Pakistan’s willingness to discuss the treaty’s terms indicates a potential opening for diplomatic engagement on this critical issue. For India, this development provides an opportunity to address longstanding concerns about the treaty’s implementation and to seek assurances against the use of water resources as leverage in bilateral tensions.
What happened?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully developed an indigenous nanoporous multilayered polymeric membrane for high-pressure seawater desalination. This technology, developed by DRDO’s Kanpur-based laboratory, the Defence Materials Stores and Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE), is designed for use in desalination plants aboard Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Offshore Patrolling Vessels (OPVs). The membrane addresses operational challenges, particularly stability issues arising from exposure to chloride ions in saline water. The development was completed in a record time of eight months. Initial technical trials conducted on an existing desalination plant of an ICG OPV yielded satisfactory results. The final operational clearance will be granted after 500 hours of onboard operational testing, which is currently underway.
Why it matters to India
This development marks a significant step towards India’s self-reliance in critical defense technologies, aligning with the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative. By indigenously developing a key component for seawater desalination, India reduces its dependency on foreign technologies and enhances the operational capabilities of its maritime forces. Furthermore, with modifications, this membrane technology holds potential for civilian applications, particularly in coastal regions facing freshwater scarcity, thereby contributing to broader national water security goals.
What happened?
On May 15, 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh arrived in Srinagar for his first visit to Jammu and Kashmir following the launch of Operation Sindoor. During his visit, Singh reviewed the security situation along the Line of Control (LoC) and the International Border, and interacted with frontline troops at the Indian Army’s XV Corps headquarters. In his address, he praised the armed forces for the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes on terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Singh also raised concerns about the safety of Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal, suggesting that these weapons should be placed under international supervision by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Why it matters to India
Singh’s visit underscores India’s commitment to national security and its proactive stance against cross-border terrorism. By questioning the safety of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, Singh highlights India’s concerns over regional stability and the potential risks posed by Pakistan’s handling of its nuclear arsenal. This move also serves to draw international attention to the issue, potentially garnering support for increased oversight of Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities.
What happened?
On May 15, 2025, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan reiterated his unwavering support for Pakistan, referring to Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif as his “precious brother.” This statement comes despite widespread calls in India to boycott Turkey over its backing of Pakistan during the recent Operation Sindoor. Erdogan emphasized the enduring “brotherhood” between Turkey and Pakistan, stating that their relationship is “enjoyed by very few nations in the world.”
Why it matters to India
Turkey’s overt support for Pakistan, including the alleged supply of drones used in attacks against India, has triggered significant public and governmental backlash. This has led to the rise of the “Boycott Turkey” movement, resulting in notable economic and institutional consequences. Indian travel companies have reported a sharp decline in bookings to Turkey, with some halting services entirely. In Udaipur, the marble industry has suspended ₹3,000 crore worth of imports from Turkey. Additionally, academic institutions like Jawaharlal Nehru University have cut ties with Turkish universities. Despite these responses, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s continued support for Pakistan underscores a deep-rooted strategic alliance, posing a diplomatic challenge for India as it navigates complex regional and global dynamics.
May 14, 2025
- → BSF Jawan Returns to India After Detention by Pakistan Rangers
- → Minister of State’s Visit to New Zealand and Fiji Concludes
- → Cabinet Approves Semiconductor Unit in Uttar Pradesh
- → India Rejects China’s Renaming Attempts in Arunachal Pradesh
What happened?
Border Security Force (BSF) constable Purnam Kumar Shaw, who was detained by Pakistan Rangers on April 23, was sent back to India on Wednesday, May 14, 2025, at the Attari-Wagah border. The BSF stated that the repatriation was possible due to consistent efforts through flag meetings and other communication channels with Pakistan Rangers. Shaw was detained after he inadvertently entered Pakistan’s territory while on duty at the Indo-Pakistan border in Punjab.
Why it matters to India
The return of the BSF jawan is a positive development, highlighting the importance of diplomatic and communication channels in resolving border-related issues. It underscores India’s concern for the safety and well-being of its security personnel and the efforts made to ensure their return. While the incident itself raises concerns about border security, the successful resolution demonstrates the effectiveness of established protocols for managing such situations.
What happened?
Shri Pabitra Margherita, Union Minister of State for External Affairs and Textiles, concluded his official visit to New Zealand and Fiji from May 8-12, 2025. In New Zealand, he delivered the Keynote Address at the INZBC Dialogue 2025, where he engaged with New Zealand’s Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters. They discussed the entire spectrum of bilateral ties. In Fiji, he participated in the 146th Girmit Day commemoration as the Guest of Honour and met with Fiji’s President Ratu Naiqama Tawakecolati Lalabalavu and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka to discuss enhancing bilateral relations. The visit also included the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Pharmacopeial Cooperation between India and Fiji and the virtual inauguration of a Yoga Centre.
Why it matters to India
The Minister of State’s visit to New Zealand and Fiji is crucial for strengthening India’s bilateral ties and advancing its foreign policy objectives. The engagements in New Zealand focused on enhancing economic and trade relations, while the visit to Fiji emphasised cultural connections and development cooperation. These interactions align with India’s Act East Policy and its broader vision for the Indo-Pacific, promoting stronger relationships and collaboration in the region.
What happened?
The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of another semiconductor unit under the India Semiconductor Mission in Uttar Pradesh’s Gautam Budh Nagar district on Wednesday, May 14, 2025. This unit is a joint venture of HCL and Foxconn and is expected to attract an investment of ₹3,700 crore. The plant, to be set up near Jewar airport, will manufacture display driver chips for mobile phones, laptops, automobiles, PCs, and other devices. It is designed for 20,000 wafers per month, with a design output capacity of 36 million units per month.
Why it matters to India
The approval of this semiconductor unit is a significant step in developing India’s strategically vital semiconductor industry. With the increasing demand for semiconductors across various sectors, this unit will contribute to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India). It will also enhance India’s manufacturing capabilities and reduce reliance on imports, boosting the economy and technological advancement.
What happened?
India has firmly rejected China’s latest attempt to rename places in Arunachal Pradesh. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) called it a “vain and preposterous” move, asserting that it will not change the region’s status as an integral part of India. This is not the first time China has attempted this exercise, with the MEA issuing a statement on Wednesday, May 14, 2025, to dismiss the so-called “creative naming.” China claims the state as “South Tibet,” but India has consistently rejected that claim.
Why it matters to India
India’s strong rejection of China’s renaming attempts underscores its firm stance on maintaining sovereignty and territorial integrity. Arunachal Pradesh is an inalienable part of India, and the Indian government views China’s actions as politically motivated and lacking legitimacy. By consistently opposing such exercises, India reaffirms its commitment to upholding its territorial integrity and countering China’s efforts to alter facts on the ground.
May 13, 2025
- → PM visits Punjab’s Adampur air base
- → Awami League Barred from Bangladesh Elections
- → India Updates 70 Nations on Operation Sindoor
- → India’s Stance: Resolve J-K Issues Bilaterally
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi warned Pakistan and Pakistan-backed terrorists of strong retaliation following attacks like the one in Pahalgam. He declared Operation Sindoor as the “new normal,” indicating India’s readiness to combat state-sponsored terrorism. Operation Sindoor involved precision strikes on nine terrorist bases in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and countered retaliatory missiles fired by Pakistan. The Prime Minister delivered this message at the Adampur Air Force base in Punjab on Tuesday.
Why it matters to India
The Prime Minister’s statements and Operation Sindoor highlight India’s shift towards a more assertive stance against cross-border terrorism emanating from Pakistan. This firm response aims to deter Pakistan from supporting terrorist activities and underscores India’s commitment to protecting its national security. The choice of Adampur Air Force base for the address is significant, as it was targeted by Pakistan’s disinformation campaign, and India’s response demonstrated its military capability and resilience.
What happened?
Bangladesh’s Election Commission suspended the registration of the Awami League, led by ousted former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, effectively barring the party from contesting the next national elections. This decision followed the interim government’s ban on all Awami League activities under the Anti-Terrorism Act, citing national security threats and an ongoing war crimes investigation. The Election Commission has also prohibited the party from conducting any political activities until the completion of the International Crimes Tribunal’s proceedings.
Why it matters to India
The political instability in Bangladesh and the barring of a major political party like the Awami League have implications for India’s regional interests. India has historically maintained close ties with Bangladesh, and any disruption to the democratic process or internal conflict in Bangladesh could affect India’s security and economic relations in the region. The situation requires India to closely monitor developments and adapt its diplomatic strategies to ensure stability in its eastern neighbourhood.
What happened?
India briefed Foreign Service Attaches from 70 countries on Operation Sindoor, explaining that it targeted nine terror bases in Pakistan and PoK. The briefing, led by Lieutenant General DS Rana, emphasised the “new normals” in India–Pakistan relations and showcased India’s military strength and strategic resolve. India also presented evidence of Pakistan’s misinformation campaign and detailed its coordinated response to counter these narratives.
Why it matters to India
India’s briefing of 70 nations on Operation Sindoor is a strategic move to communicate its firm stance against terrorism and garner international support for its actions. By highlighting Pakistan’s role in supporting terrorism and disseminating misinformation, India aims to build diplomatic pressure on Pakistan and reinforce its position on counter-terrorism. This proactive engagement with the international community underscores India’s commitment to protecting its interests and maintaining regional stability.
What happened?
India reiterated its position that any issues related to the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir must be resolved bilaterally between India and Pakistan. Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated that this policy remains unchanged and emphasised that Pakistan must vacate the illegally occupied Indian territory. Regarding the Indus Water Treaty, Jaiswal said that it has been put in abeyance.
Why it matters to India
India’s firm stance on bilateral talks regarding Jammu and Kashmir reaffirms its territorial integrity and sovereign rights. By addressing the issue of Pakistan’s occupation of Indian territory, India underscores its core concern in the dispute. The decision to put the Indus Water Treaty in abeyance reflects India’s strategic response to Pakistan’s support for cross-border terrorism, linking water cooperation to security concerns.
May 12, 2025
- → Operation Sindoor Press Briefing : Armed Forces Dismiss Misinformation
- → US- China Trade Talks Truce
- → India-Pakistan: Airports Reopen After Conflict
- → India Extends Financial Aid to Maldives
What happened?
Senior officials from India’s armed forces held a press briefing to address Operation Sindoor and respond to misinformation from Pakistan. The briefing was led by Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal, with Commodore Raghu R Nair, Colonel Sofiya Qureshi, and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh providing operational updates. Indian Navy, Army, and Air Force have been instructed to adhere to the ceasefire. Colonel Sofiya Qureshi refuted Pakistan’s claims about damage to India’s strategic assets, stating that assertions regarding S-400 and BrahMos bases, as well as airfields and ammunition depots, were baseless. Colonel Qureshi also emphasized that India respects all places of worship and that the armed forces have not caused any harm to religious structures. Wing Commander Vyomika Singh stated that Indian operations targeted terrorist facilities, not civilian or religious infrastructure, and detailed the damage inflicted on Pakistan’s airbases and air defence systems.
Why it matters to India
India’s armed forces are committed to the ceasefire agreement but remain vigilant and prepared to respond to any misadventure. The press briefing aimed to counter false narratives and provide transparency regarding Operation Sindoor. Operation Sindoor involved strikes on terror bases and military assets across Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK) following the April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam. The operation targeted infrastructure linked to terrorist groups and resulted in damage to key targets, as shown in satellite images released by the Indian armed forces. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh stated that the operation neutralised leadership and infrastructure. Tensions escalated after Pakistan’s alleged response, but India struck deeper into Pakistani territory, targeting military assets.
What happened?
The United States and China have agreed to roll back tariffs on each other’s goods for an initial 90-day period, following trade negotiations in Geneva. In a joint statement, both sides acknowledged “substantial progress” in their discussions. By May 14, the US will lower its tariffs on Chinese goods from 145% to 30%, while China will reduce its tariffs on American imports from 125% to 10%. The two countries have also established a mechanism for continued discussions on economic and trade relations, led by Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.
Why it matters to India
A potential US-China trade deal could have mixed implications for India. Previously, trade tensions between the US and China had presented opportunities for India, as US buyers sought Indian suppliers. However, a reduction in tariffs could enable China to recover lost ground due to its technical capabilities. Indian exporters have reported that some Chinese exporters have approached them for assistance in fulfilling US orders. While some experts suggest that sustained high tariffs on China would benefit emerging markets like India, a near-term easing of US-China tensions could pose challenges. India’s manufacturing sector faces limitations in meeting US demand in certain sectors, such as non-leather footwear, where China has a competitive edge.
What happened?
All 32 airports that were temporarily closed due to escalating tensions between India and Pakistan have been reopened. The Airport Authority of India (AAI) issued a fresh Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to this effect, and all 25 air routes have also been reopened. Flight operations have resumed at Chandigarh International Airport. IndiGo Airlines has issued an advisory that operations are resuming, but passengers may experience delays. The Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI) in Delhi is operating smoothly, but passengers are advised to expect potential delays due to airspace conditions and security measures.
Why it matters to India
The temporary closure of the airports followed talks between the Director Generals of Military Operations (DGMOS) of India and Pakistan after Operation Sindoor. Tensions between the two countries escalated after India launched Operation Sindoor on May 7, in response to the Pahalgam terror attack. India and Pakistan have worked out an understanding on the stoppage of firing and military action. The reopening of the airports is a step towards normalizing civilian activity after the conflict.
What happened?
The Indian government has provided financial support to Maldives by rolling over a $50 million treasury bill. This was announced in a statement by the High Commission of India to Maldives. The Foreign Minister of Maldives, Abdulla Khaleel, expressed his gratitude for this assistance. The State Bank of India (SBI) has subscribed to the Government Treasury Bill issued by the Ministry of Finance of Maldives for another year. This arrangement, facilitating the subscription of several Treasury Bills by the SBI, has been ongoing since March 2019.
Why it matters to India
This financial support is part of a government-to-government arrangement that provides emergency financial assistance to Maldives. It also demonstrates India’s continued support to the Government and the people of the Maldives, alongside the decision to extend the special quota for export of essential commodities. Maldives is a key maritime neighbour and an important partner in India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and the ‘MAHASAGAR’ vision for regional security and growth. India’s Prime Minister Modi has emphasized the importance of this relationship and India’s commitment to assisting Maldives’ development.
May 10, 2025
- → US-Mediated Ceasefire Between India and Pakistan
- → India to Treat Future Terror Acts as Acts of War
- → India, Pakistan Agree to Full and Immediate Ceasefire
What happened?
On May 10, 2025, US President Donald Trump announced that India and Pakistan have agreed to a “full and immediate ceasefire”. This announcement comes in the wake of heightened escalations between India and Pakistan, triggered by a terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam that resulted in 26 fatalities. Pakistan’s Foreign Minister, Ishaq Dar, also confirmed the ceasefire agreement on May 10, 2025. According to United States Secretary of State Marco Rubio, US Vice President JD Vance and he engaged with senior officials from both countries over the preceding two days to facilitate this decision. Rubio further indicated that the governments will commence talks on a “broad set of issues” at a neutral venue.
Why it matters to India:
The ceasefire represents a critical development in the ongoing efforts to de-escalate tensions with Pakistan and promote stability in the region. The active mediation by the US underscores the international community’s vested interest in India-Pakistan relations and has the potential to shape future diplomatic engagements between the two nations. India’s willingness to participate in discussions on a “broad set of issues” signals a potential pathway for addressing long-standing concerns and pursuing improved bilateral relations, which aligns with India’s strategic objective of fostering a peaceful and stable neighbourhood.
What happened?
Top government sources declared on May 10, 2025, that any future act of terror in India will be regarded as an “act of war” against the country. This resolute decision, made by the government headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims to establish clear red lines against terror incidents. It follows an intensifying conflict with Pakistan in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, where 26 civilians, predominantly tourists, were killed.
Why it matters to India:
India’s firm stance of treating future terror acts as acts of war is a strategic move to communicate its unwavering intention to respond decisively to perpetrators and conspirators of such acts, particularly those based in Pakistan. By adopting this assertive posture, India seeks to bolster its national security and deter future acts of terrorism, ultimately safeguarding the lives of its citizens and reinforcing its strategic interests in the region.
What happened?
On May 10, 2025, India and Pakistan reached a significant diplomatic agreement, committing to a “full and immediate ceasefire,” as announced by Vikram Misri, the secretary for external affairs. US President Donald Trump also confirmed this development on the same day, revealing that the agreement was the result of extended negotiations mediated by the United States. This agreement emerges against a backdrop of heightened regional tensions, which included cross-border strikes, drone attacks, and airspace restrictions, further underscoring its importance
Why it matters to India
The establishment of a “full and immediate ceasefire” carries substantial implications for India, primarily by marking a crucial step toward de-escalation in the relationship between two nuclear-armed neighbours. This de-escalation is vital for fostering regional stability, which directly aligns with India’s strategic interests by reducing the potential for broader conflict and promoting a more peaceful environment.
May 9, 2025
- → India, Iran Condemn Terrorism, Enhance Cooperation
- → Robert Francis Prevost Becomes Pope Leo XIV
- → Putin Hosts Victory Day Parade with Xi Jinping
- → India and Chile to Expand CEPA Talks
What happened?
India and Iran jointly condemned terrorism “in all its forms and manifestations” following the 20th India-Iran Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) held in New Delhi on 8 May 2025. The JCM was co-chaired by External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi. During the meeting, the Indian delegation briefed the Iranian side on the cross-border dimensions of the terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on 22 April, and both nations called for enhanced regional cooperation to tackle terrorism. India and Iran also signed MoUs on medical product regulation and customs cooperation, and pledged a humanitarian approach to prisoners, seafarers, and students facing legal or logistical challenges. Iranian Foreign Minister Araghchi also met with President Droupadi Murmu and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval.
Why it matters to India
This joint condemnation of terrorism by India and Iran reinforces India’s stance against cross-border terrorism, particularly in the context of recent events involving Pakistan. Iran’s support for India’s position on terrorism strengthens India’s diplomatic efforts to isolate and counter terrorist threats emanating from the region. The discussions on enhanced regional cooperation are crucial for India’s security interests, as it seeks to build a united front against extremism. Furthermore, the MoUs signed in areas like medical product regulation and customs cooperation will likely boost bilateral trade and economic engagement, aligning with India’s strategy to deepen its ties with Iran despite geopolitical complexities. The commitment to a humanitarian approach for prisoners, seafarers, and students also reflects India’s emphasis on people-to-people connections and its image as a responsible global actor. The high-level meetings underscore the importance India attaches to its relationship with Iran, a key player in the region with significant energy resources and strategic connectivity potential.
What happened?
Cardinal Robert Prevost was elected as the new leader of the Catholic Church and took the name Pope Leo XIV. The election occurred on 8th May 2025, following the death of Pope Francis. Pope Leo XIV appeared on the central balcony of St Peter’s Basilica after white smoke signalled his election. Prevost, 69, is from the U.S. and has spent much of his career as a missionary in Peru.
Why it matters to India
While the election of a new Pope is a significant global event, it has some relevance to India due to India’s large Catholic population. Any changes in the Catholic Church’s policies or leadership can indirectly affect the social and cultural landscape in India. Furthermore, Pope Leo XIV’s emphasis on social justice and engagement with the modern world may resonate with India’s own efforts to address social inequalities and modernisation. The new Pope’s views on international relations and global issues could also have implications for India’s foreign policy and its relationship with the Vatican.
What happened?
Russian President Vladimir Putin hosted a grand Victory Day parade in Moscow, with Chinese President Xi Jinping as the guest of honour. The event commemorated the 80th anniversary of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany. More than 20 foreign dignitaries, including Slovakia’s Robert Fico and Brazil’s Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, attended the parade. The parade featured a display of military equipment and soldiers in Red Square, followed by a speech from Putin. Putin also held a meeting with Xi Jinping prior to the parade.
Why it matters to India
The presence of Xi Jinping at the Victory Day parade underscores the strengthening strategic partnership between Russia and China, which has significant geopolitical implications for India. India maintains a complex relationship with both Russia and China, balancing its historical ties with Russia with its growing concerns about China’s assertiveness in the region. The parade and the associated diplomatic interactions highlight the evolving dynamics of major power relations, which India must carefully navigate. India has a long history of defence trade with Russia, but is also trying to diversify its defence suppliers. Therefore, the display of Russian military hardware is also of interest to the Indian military. Additionally, the meetings between Putin and Xi and other world leaders will be analysed by the Indian foreign policy establishment, to understand the current world order.
What happened?
India and Chile have finalised the terms of reference (ToR) for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). The CEPA aims to broaden bilateral cooperation beyond the existing Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). The signed document includes digital services, investment, critical minerals, and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The ToR was signed by Chile’s Ambassador to India, Juan Angulo, and Vimal Anand, joint secretary in India’s Department of Commerce. The first round of negotiations is scheduled for 26–30 May 2025 in New Delhi.
Why it matters to India
The CEPA with Chile is strategically important for India as it seeks to strengthen economic ties with key partners in Latin America. Expanding cooperation to include digital services and critical minerals aligns with India’s focus on developing its technology sector and securing resources for its growing industries. The emphasis on MSMEs also reflects India’s interest in promoting inclusive economic growth and supporting small businesses. Furthermore, strengthening trade relations with Chile, one of India’s top trading partners in Asia, can boost India’s exports and diversify its trade portfolio. This initiative, following Chilean President Gabriel Boric Font’s state visit to India in April 2025, underscores India’s proactive approach to enhancing its economic influence and fostering mutually beneficial partnerships.
May 8, 2025
- → Trump Offers to Mediate India-Pakistan Tensions
- → India Neutralizes Lahore’s Air Defence System
- → EAM Jaishankar Issues Firm Warning to Pakistan
- → India Responds to Pakistan’s Military Aggression
What happened?
US President Donald Trump called for calm and dialogue between India and Pakistan amid escalating tensions. Trump expressed hope that the two countries would resolve their differences peacefully and offered to mediate. Trump described the situation as “a shame” and urged both countries to de-escalate.
Earlier, the Indian armed forces carried out coordinated missile strikes on nine terrorist infrastructures in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK) under Operation Sindoor, in response to the Pahalgam terror attack on 22 April.
Why it matters to India
Trump’s offer to mediate reflects the international concern over the India-Pakistan conflict and the potential for escalation. While India has historically been cautious about third-party mediation, the US President’s engagement indicates the significance of the issue on the global stage and the need for a peaceful resolution to ensure regional stability
What happened?
On the night of 7-8 May 2025, Pakistan launched drone and missile attacks targeting Indian military sites in Northern and Western India, including Srinagar, Jammu, Amritsar, and Chandigarh. India’s Integrated Counter-UAS Grid and Air Defence systems intercepted and neutralized these attacks.
On 8 May 2025, Indian Armed Forces targeted Air Defence Radars and systems in Pakistan, reportedly neutralizing an Air Defence system at Lahore. The Indian government stated that India’s response was “in the same domain with the same intensity as Pakistan”.
Pakistan also increased unprovoked firing across the Line of Control (LoC) using Mortars and heavy-calibre Artillery in areas in Kupwara, Baramulla, Uri, Poonch, Mendhar, and Rajouri sectors in Jammu and Kashmir, causing 16 civilian deaths, including 3 women and 5 children. India responded to halt the fire.
Why it matters to India
India’s retaliation, including the neutralization of Pakistan’s air defence system, demonstrates its military capability and its willingness to respond decisively to cross-border aggression. Pakistan’s continued firing across the LoC and the resulting civilian casualties highlight the destabilizing impact of its actions on the region and the need for India to protect its citizens.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar warned Pakistan against any military attacks on India, stating that India would respond “very, very firmly”. Jaishankar’s remarks were made at the 20th India-Iran Joint Commission Meeting in New Delhi. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi arrived in New Delhi on 7 May 2025 for a scheduled visit amidst the rising tensions between India and Pakistan. Earlier that day, Jaishankar also met with Saudi Arabia’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Adel al-Jubeir, who made an unannounced visit to Delhi.
Why it matters to India
Jaishankar’s strong statement underscores India’s firm stance against any Pakistani military aggression, demonstrating India’s commitment to protecting its sovereignty and security. The concurrent meetings with the Foreign Ministers of Iran and Saudi Arabia are diplomatically significant, indicating India’s active engagement with key regional players amidst the tensions with Pakistan.
What happened?
On 7 May 2025, India stated its response to Pakistan was focused, measured, and non-escalatory, clarifying that Pakistani military establishments were not targeted. However, on the night of 7-8 May 2025, Pakistan attempted to engage several military targets in Northern and Western India, including Awantipura, Srinagar, Jammu, Pathankot, Amritsar, Kapurthala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Adampur, Bhatinda, Chandigarh, Nal, Phalodi, Uttarlai, and Bhuj, using drones and missiles. India’s Integrated Counter UAS Grid and Air Defence systems neutralized these attacks. Debris from these attacks has been recovered, confirming Pakistani involvement.
On the morning of 8 May 2025, Indian Armed Forces targeted Air Defence Radars and systems at several locations in Pakistan. It was reported that an Air Defence system at Lahore was neutralized. Pakistan also increased unprovoked firing across the Line of Control (LoC) using Mortars and heavy calibre Artillery in areas in Kupwara, Baramulla, Uri, Poonch, Mendhar, and Rajouri sectors in Jammu and Kashmir, resulting in the loss of 16 lives, including 3 women and 5 children. India responded to halt the fire.
Why it matters to India
These events highlight the escalating tensions between India and Pakistan and the challenges to India’s national security. Pakistan’s attempts to attack Indian military targets and its firing across the LoC are provocations that India must address to protect its interests and the safety of its citizens. India’s response demonstrates its resolve to defend itself and its capability to retaliate against aggression.
May 7, 2025
- → Operation Sindoor-Indian Armed Forces Carry Out Precision Strikes at Terrorist Camps in Pakistan
- → Operation Sindoor- What have been the global reactions?
- → Operation sindoor -Home Minister Shah Convenes Meeting with CM of Border States
- → Operation Sindoor-Ministry of External Affairs Briefs UN Security Council Members
- → India and UK Conclude Free Trade Agreement
What happened?
On 7 May 2025, between 1:05 am and 1:30 am, the Indian Armed Forces launched ‘Operation Sindoor’, targeting nine terrorist infrastructure sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. This action was a response to the 22 April terrorist attack in Pahalgam, which resulted in the deaths of 25 Indians and one Nepali citizen. Officials, including Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, Colonel Sofiya Qureshi, and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, stated that the operation successfully destroyed terrorist camps, including those where Ajmal Kasab and David Headley had trained. Precision technology and specialised weapons were employed to hit only intended targets and avoid civilian casualties; no Pakistani military facilities were targeted. Among the locations struck were the headquarters of Lashkar-e-Taiba in Muridke and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Bahawalpur. Indian officials cited intelligence, including communication intercepts and social media activity by groups like The Resistance Front (identified as a Lashkar-e-Taiba proxy), linking the Pahalgam attack to terrorists based in Pakistan.
Why it matters to India
Operation Sindoor underscores India’s commitment to holding perpetrators of terrorist attacks accountable, specifically responding to the Pahalgam incident. The strikes aimed to significantly degrade the operational capabilities of terrorist organisations by dismantling their infrastructure for recruitment, training, and launching attacks against India. By selectively targeting terrorist sites and avoiding Pakistani military installations, India demonstrated a focused approach to counter-terrorism while signalling its preparedness to address any escalation. The operation aligns with India’s stance within global counter-terrorism efforts and international calls to hold sponsors of terrorism accountable, thereby reinforcing its resolve to pre-emptively act against terror threats. It also serves as a strong deterrent against future cross-border attacks, which intelligence suggested were imminent, and highlighted concerns about safe havens for terrorists.
What happened?
Following India’s Operation Sindoor on 7 May 2025, global leaders and organisations largely called for restraint and de-escalation between India and Pakistan. The United States, through President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, expressed hopes for a swift resolution and urged both nations to avoid further escalation; Indian National Security Advisor Ajit Doval briefed Rubio. China termed the operation “regrettable” and advised restraint. Russia condemned terrorism but also called for restraint and a peaceful resolution of differences, referencing the Simla Agreement and Lahore Declaration. French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot acknowledged India’s right to self-defence against terrorism while urging restraint and the protection of civilians. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres voiced significant concern and appealed for maximum military restraint from both countries. The United Arab Emirates and Australia also issued calls for de-escalation and caution against actions risking regional peace. In contrast, Israel’s Ambassador to India, Reuven Azar, affirmed support for India’s right to self-defence. Türkiye, however, expressed solidarity with Pakistan. Indian officials engaged with counterparts in the UK, UAE, Russia, and Saudi Arabia regarding the operation.
Why it matters to India
The international reactions to Operation Sindoor reflect the complex geopolitical dynamics India must navigate. Support from countries like Israel for India’s right to self-defence provides strategic backing. However, widespread calls for restraint from major global powers including the United States, China, Russia, France, and the United Nations, highlight international concern over regional stability and the potential for escalation. These reactions underscore the need for India to carefully manage the diplomatic fallout and reinforce its narrative of targeted, non-escalatory action against terrorism. India’s proactive engagement with key international partners, including the US, UK, UAE, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, was crucial in conveying its position and the compulsions behind the operation. The global emphasis on dialogue and peaceful resolution will continue to influence India’s diplomatic strategy moving forward.
What happened?
On Wednesday, 7 May 2025, Union Home Minister Amit Shah convened an urgent meeting with chief ministers, chief secretaries, and Directors General of Police (DGPs) from states bordering Pakistan and Nepal. This meeting, held via video conferencing, included representatives from Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sikkim, West Bengal, and the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh. The meeting was called in the wake of Operation Sindoor, which was conducted as a response to the Pahalgam terrorist attack. Amit Shah also directed the chiefs of all Central Armed Police Forces to recall personnel currently on leave and reviewed the country’s internal security situation, instructing top security officials to remain alert and maintain strict vigilance.
Why it matters to India
The meeting convened by the Home Minister signals the Indian government’s immediate focus on bolstering internal security and enhancing vigilance along its borders with Pakistan and Nepal following Operation Sindoor. This proactive measure, involving multiple states and the recall of Central Armed Police Forces personnel, indicates a heightened state of national alertness and preparedness for any potential security challenges or retaliatory actions. It underscores the central government’s commitment to coordinated security efforts with state authorities and reinforces India’s firm stance on national security and its resolve to counter terrorism effectively.
What happened?
Following Operation Sindoor on 7 May 2025, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) provided a detailed briefing to permanent and non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The briefings, which included the Chinese Ambassador to India, Xu Feihong, outlined the context of the operation as a targeted strike against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, launched in response to the 22 April Pahalgam terror attack. Officials reiterated that nine terrorist camps were targeted and successfully destroyed, with care taken to avoid civilian casualties and damage to their infrastructure. The MEA stated the attack in Pahalgam involved extreme brutality, with victims shot at close range, often in front of family members.
Why it matters to India
Briefing UN Security Council members, including China’s ambassador, demonstrates India’s commitment to diplomatic transparency and its efforts to justify its counter-terrorism actions on the global stage. This proactive engagement is crucial for shaping international understanding of Operation Sindoor as a necessary and targeted response to terrorism, particularly given the varied reactions from global powers. It reinforces India’s position that the operation was a pre-emptive measure aimed at preventing future attacks and ensuring regional stability by degrading terrorist capabilities. The emphasis on the brutal nature of the Pahalgam attack further aimed to underscore the justification for the operation
What happened?
On 6 May 2025, India and the United Kingdom announced the successful conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The announcement was made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer. The agreement followed discussions at the G-20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro in November 2024 and intensified negotiations from February 2025, led by Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and UK Secretary of State Jonathan Reynolds. A significant component of the agreement is a Double Contribution Convention, granting a three-year exemption from UK social security contributions for Indian employees working temporarily in the UK.
Why it matters to India
The India-UK Free Trade Agreement is a landmark achievement aligned with India’s long-term economic vision, Viksit Bharat 2047. It is set to provide substantial benefits, with nearly 99% of Indian exports to the UK gaining zero-duty access, covering almost the entire trade value. This will significantly boost India’s manufacturing and export-oriented sectors, particularly labour-intensive industries such as textiles, leather, and gems and jewellery, as well as engineering goods and chemicals, enhancing their competitiveness. The FTA is also expected to create considerable employment opportunities in India. For the services sector, the agreement opens new avenues in IT/ITeS, financial services, and various professional services, further supported by commitments on digitally delivered services. A key gain for India is the three-year exemption from social security contributions for Indian professionals working temporarily in the UK, which will enhance the competitiveness of Indian service providers and benefit many Indian workers. The agreement also facilitates easier mobility for a range of Indian professionals and addresses non-tariff barriers, promoting smoother trade flows and regulatory transparency. Overall, this FTA is anticipated to deepen India’s global economic integration and foster sustainable growth.
May 6, 2025
- → India and UK Conclude Free Trade Agreement Talks
- → India to Conduct Nationwide Civil Defence Preparedness Drill
- → PM Modi Congratulates Australian PM Albanese on Re-election
- → UNSC Holds Closed-Door Meeting on Pahalgam Terror Attack
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer held a telephone conversation on May 6, 2025, during which they welcomed the successful conclusion of negotiations for an ambitious India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and an accompanying Double Contribution Convention. Both leaders characterised these agreements as a significant historic milestone within the framework of the bilateral Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. They emphasised that the FTA and the Convention are designed to foster increased trade and investment, stimulate innovation and job creation, and promote greater mobility between the two nations. During the call, Prime Minister Starmer noted that strengthening alliances and reducing trade barriers are part of the UK’s broader economic plans. Prime Minister Modi has extended an invitation to Prime Minister Starmer to visit India. (Information sourced from PIB Delhi)
Why it matters to India
The conclusion of the Free Trade Agreement with the United Kingdom is a landmark achievement for India, significantly advancing its strategy to deepen economic engagement with key global partners and expand its international trade horizons. This comprehensive FTA, which encompasses trade in goods and services, is poised to substantially boost bilateral trade between India and the UK. This is expected to create extensive new avenues for Indian businesses, enhance market access for Indian products and services, and attract further investment into India. The agreement is anticipated to generate significant employment within India, contribute to raising living standards, and improve the overall economic well-being of Indian citizens. Furthermore, the FTA will unlock new potential for India and the UK to jointly develop innovative products and services for global markets, thereby strengthening India’s manufacturing and service sectors. The successful negotiation also cements the strong foundations of the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, paving the way for a new era of enhanced collaboration, deeper people-to-people ties, and shared prosperity focused on India’s growth and its role in the global economy. The accompanying Double Contribution Convention is also expected to streamline financial and social security aspects for Indians working in or engaging economically with the UK.
What happened?
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has announced a nationwide civil defence mock drill scheduled for May 7, covering 244 districts across all states and Union Territories of India. This comprehensive exercise will feature simulated blackouts, the sounding of air raid sirens, and various evacuation drills to test and enhance emergency preparedness. Key activities will include the testing of public warning systems, verification of communication links with the Indian Air Force, operational checks of control rooms, training for civilians in self-defence mechanisms, implementation of blackout techniques, and preliminary camouflage actions for installations. The drill aims to assess and improve the response of civil defence services during simulated emergencies such as wars or missile strikes, thereby increasing public awareness and readiness to minimise confusion and panic. Officials have clarified that while the drill is taking place amidst heightened regional tensions, it is a component of ongoing civil defence enhancements as per the Civil Defence Rules Act 1968 and does not signify an immediate threat of war.
Why it matters to India
This nationwide drill is crucial for India as it enhances the country’s preparedness and resilience against a spectrum of potential security threats, including those outlined in civil defence protocols. Strengthening emergency response capabilities across numerous districts bolsters India’s national security infrastructure, ensuring a more cohesive reaction from civilian populations and governmental bodies during crises. Given India’s geopolitical landscape and historical context, including the extensive use of such measures in 1971, these exercises underscore the nation’s proactive stance on civil protection and internal security. The initiative also plays a vital role in public education regarding emergency protocols, which is key to mitigating panic and improving adherence to safety measures, ultimately aiming to protect citizens and minimise potential disruptions.
What happened?
On 6 May 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a telephone conversation with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of Australia to congratulate him on his re-election. The two Prime Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening the India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP). They acknowledged the robust cooperation across various sectors developed under the CSP over the past five years and highlighted the role of the Indian diaspora in strengthening bilateral ties. The leaders also discussed regional and global issues, reiterating their commitment to a free, open, and prosperous Indo-Pacific. Prime Minister Modi invited Prime Minister Albanese to visit India for the Annual Summit and the QUAD Summit later this year.
Why it matters to India
This conversation underscores the continuity and strength of the India-Australia relationship, particularly the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. It reaffirms mutual commitment to deepening cooperation across diverse sectors, which benefits India’s economic and strategic goals. The discussion on Indo-Pacific stability aligns with India’s regional security interests. The invitation for Prime Minister Albanese to attend the Annual and QUAD Summits in India further solidifies high-level engagement and collaboration within the QUAD framework, crucial for India’s foreign policy objectives. The acknowledgment of the Indian diaspora’s role highlights the strong people-to-people links supporting the strategic alignment.
What happened?
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) held closed consultations on 6 May 2025, following Pakistan’s request to discuss India-Pakistan tensions after the 22 April Pahalgam terror attack. During the meeting, UNSC members reportedly posed questions to Pakistan regarding the potential involvement of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) in the attack and did not accept Pakistan’s “false flag” narrative. There was broad condemnation of the attack, with some members noting the targeting of tourists based on religion, and a call for accountability. India has stated it found clear evidence of cross-border links, which Pakistan denies, instead suggesting a “neutral” investigation. The meeting concluded with calls for restraint and dialogue between India and Pakistan. Pakistan’s Permanent Representative claimed their objectives were met, while India’s former Permanent Representative, Syed Akbaruddin, stated Pakistan’s efforts to use the Council failed.
Why it matters to India
The UNSC meeting brought international attention to the issue of cross-border terrorism originating from Pakistan, specifically the Pahalgam attack. The reported questioning of Pakistan about LeT involvement and the rejection of its narratives reinforce India’s long-standing concerns about state-sponsored terrorism and strengthens its diplomatic position. The focus on accountability for the attack aligns with India’s demands. While calls for dialogue are standard diplomatic practice, the scrutiny faced by Pakistan during the consultations indicates that its attempts to deflect blame were unsuccessful in the Council. This outcome demonstrates the effectiveness of Indian diplomacy in countering Pakistan’s narrative on international platforms
May 5, 2025
- → India Pauses Chenab River Flow Under Baglihar Dam Amidst Rising Tensions
- → Iranian Foreign Minister to visit India amid regional tensions
- → India and Japan discuss defence cooperation and regional security
- → Russian President Putin expresses support to India following Pahalgam attack
What happened?
India temporarily halted water flow from the Baglihar dam on the Chenab river following the Pahalgam terror attack and its decision to suspend the Indus Waters Treaty. This action is temporary as the run-of-the-river dam, built per the treaty, has limited storage capacity. Similar steps are reportedly considered for the Kishanganga Dam. The Baglihar project (900 MW) and Kishanganga project (330 MW) are hydroelectric power projects permitted under the treaty, despite previous objections from Pakistan which were largely overruled by international arbitration.
Why it matters to India
Temporarily regulating water flow from projects permitted under the Indus Waters Treaty serves as a non-military signal to Pakistan amidst heightened tensions following the terror attack, asserting India’s rights under the treaty while demonstrating resolve. This action underscores the strategic implications of water resource management within the framework of India-Pakistan relations and treaty provisions. It reinforces India’s response options beyond diplomatic and military measures, leveraging treaty-based mechanisms as a tool of statecraft in response to perceived cross-border provocations.
What happened?
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi is scheduled to visit Delhi on May 7-8, 2025, following a visit to Islamabad on May 5. The visit to India includes a Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) co-chaired with External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, focusing on economic cooperation, trade, banking arrangements, and the Chabahar port development under the May 2024 agreement. The visit occurs after Araghchi offered Iranian mediation between India and Pakistan, following the Pahalgam attack, an offer India has not accepted, maintaining its stance against third-party mediation. Araghchi and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian have previously spoken with their Indian counterparts to condemn the attack.
Why it matters to India
The visit is significant for progressing bilateral economic interests, particularly the operationalisation and development of the Chabahar port, which provides India strategic access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Discussions on trade payments and banking mechanisms are crucial for India to navigate US sanctions on Iran and maintain economic ties. While rejecting mediation, the visit provides a platform for India to reiterate its position on cross-border terrorism and the need for regional stability directly to Iran, an important regional player.
What happened?
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met with Japanese Defence Minister Nakatani in Delhi on May 5, 2025. The discussions covered bilateral defence relations and the regional security situation. Minister Singh acknowledged Japan’s solidarity with India following the Pahalgam terror attack. This was the second meeting between the two defence ministers in 6 months, aimed at deepening defence cooperation.
Why it matters to India
The meeting highlights the strengthening India-Japan defence partnership, crucial for India’s strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Continued high-level engagement allows for alignment on regional security challenges and exploring avenues for enhanced defence technology cooperation and interoperability between the armed forces. Japan’s expression of solidarity post-Pahalgam provides diplomatic support to India on the international stage regarding terrorism.
What happened?
Russian President Vladimir Putin telephoned Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May 5, 2025, to condemn the April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam which killed 26 civilians. According to external affairs ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal, President Putin conveyed condolences, expressed full support for India’s counter-terrorism efforts, and stressed the need to bring perpetrators and supporters to justice. Both leaders reaffirmed the India-Russia special and privileged strategic partnership. Prime Minister Modi invited President Putin for the annual India-Russia Summit later in the year. The attack was also discussed in a call between External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, where Minister Jaishankar reiterated India’s determination to seek justice.
Why it matters to India
Russia’s explicit support and condemnation of the attack, particularly the call for punishing perpetrators and sponsors, reinforces diplomatic backing for India’s stance on cross-border terrorism. The reaffirmation of the strategic partnership during this period of heightened regional tension underscores the continued importance of the India-Russia relationship for India’s foreign policy and security considerations. President Putin’s call adds weight to the international pressure regarding the attack’s origins.
May 3, 2025
- → Anthony Albanese Re-elected as Australian Prime Minister
- → India and Angola Advance Global South Partnership
- → India bans all Imports from Pakistan
What happened?
Anthony Albanese’s centre-left Labor Party won the Australian general elections held on Saturday, May 3, 2025. This victory secures Albanese a second consecutive three-year term as Prime Minister, the first leader to achieve this in 21 years. Opposition leader Peter Dutton conceded defeat, accepting responsibility for the conservative coalition’s performance. Early projections from the Australian Electoral Commission indicated Labor securing 70 seats, the opposition coalition 24, and minor parties or independents 13 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives.
Why it matters to India
Prime Minister Albanese’s re-election ensures policy continuity in Australia’s engagement with India, focusing on shared strategic interests and economic opportunities. Key areas include collaboration within the Quad framework, navigating the regional influence of China, and enhancing bilateral trade.
What happened?
Angolan President Joao Manuel Goncalves Lourenco conducted a state visit to India, meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Hyderabad House in New Delhi. During a joint press meeting, President Lourenco expressed Angola’s desire for a deeper economic partnership and conveyed a message of admiration and friendship, highlighting the potential for expanded business opportunities between the two nations. Prime Minister Modi and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar also held bilateral discussions with the Angolan delegation.
Why it matters to India
The visit signifies India’s strengthening strategic and economic engagement with Africa, leveraging Angola’s current leadership of the African Union to advance shared Global South objectives. Prime Minister Modi emphasised India’s growing partnership with African nations over the last decade, noting that trade has reached almost $100 billion. India has extended significant support through $12 billion in credit lines and $700 million in grants to African nations, opened 17 new embassies, established vocational training centres in 8 countries, and is assisting 5 nations with digital public infrastructure. Enhanced cooperation in defence and maritime security, including the first India-Africa naval maritime exercise held recently, further solidifies the strategic dimension of the relationship. President Lourenco’s visit provides an opportunity to deepen bilateral economic ties and reinforce India’s role as a key development and strategic partner for Africa.
What happened?
India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) announced an immediate ban on the import of all goods originating in or transiting through Pakistan, effective May 2, 2025. This decision, made in the interest of national security and public policy following the April 22 Pahalgam terrorist attack. The notification prohibits both direct and indirect imports, regardless of whether goods were previously freely importable. Any exceptions to this ban now require prior approval from the Government of India.
Why it matters to India
This import ban represents a significant escalation in India’s response to perceived cross-border terrorism, particularly after the deadly Pahalgam attack linked to Pakistan-trained elements. It builds upon previous trade restrictions imposed after the 2019 Pulwama attack, which included raising import duties to 200% and revoking Pakistan’s ‘Most Favoured Nation’ status. While direct India-Pakistan trade constitutes a very small fraction of India’s overall commerce (around 0.06%, with imports at $420,000 and exports at $447.7 million between April 2024-January 2025), the ban serves as a strong diplomatic and economic signal. It complements other potential measures like the suspension of the Indus Water Treaty and airspace restrictions, increasing pressure on Pakistan’s economy. Although significant indirect trade occurs via third countries like Dubai, this comprehensive ban aims to further isolate Pakistan economically in line with India’s stated national security objectives.
May 2, 2025
- → US Signals Imminent Trade Deal with India
- → US Supports India’s Right to Self-Defence Post-Pahalgam Attack
- → India Engages UN Security Council Non-Permanent Members on Pahalgam Attack
- → India and EU Reaffirm Commitment to Conclude FTA by End of 2025
What happened?
On Thursday, US Vice President JD Vance stated that India has “taken advantage” of the US in trade and that a “rebalance” is needed, describing Prime Minister Narendra Modi as a “tough negotiator”. Vance confirmed “good negotiations” are underway as India seeks to avoid potential 26% US import taxes, suggesting India could be among the first to finalise a new trade deal. US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent noted talks are “very close”, and President Donald Trump expressed optimism about reaching a deal. However, US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer indicated a deal is not yet at the “finish line”. Vance highlighted US aims to open India’s market to American agriculture and technology. Formal talks for a bilateral trade agreement (BTA), aiming to increase trade to $500 billion by 2030, began on 23 April.
Why it matters to India
The ongoing trade negotiations present India with an opportunity to secure favourable terms and avoid potentially disruptive US tariffs, reinforcing the strategic economic partnership. Successfully concluding a BTA could significantly boost bilateral trade towards the $500 billion goal by 2030. However, US demands for greater market access, particularly for agriculture and GE products, alongside concerns over regulations, IP protection, and subsidies, represent significant negotiating challenges for India. Vance’s comments about trade “rebalancing” signal continued US pressure, requiring India to navigate these demands carefully to protect its domestic interests while finalising a mutually beneficial agreement. Prime Minister Modi’s reputation as a “tough negotiator” highlights India’s intent to strongly defend its position.
What happened?
On Thursday, US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth conveyed to India’s Defence Minister Rajnath Singh the US government’s support for India’s right to self-defence and its fight against terrorism, offering condolences for the 22 April Pahalgam attack victims. Singh described Pakistan as a “rogue state” fuelling terrorism. Separately, on Wednesday evening, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio called External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, urging de-escalation. Jaishankar reiterated to Rubio that those behind the attack must be brought to justice. The US encouraged Pakistan to cooperate with India’s investigation. Tensions remained high, with small-arms fire across the Line of Control and the Attari-Wagah border reportedly shut. Pakistan’s Army Chief warned against Indian “military misadventure”. Concurrently, the US approved a $131 million sale of military hardware and support assets to India.
Why it matters to India
US affirmation of India’s right to self-defence provides crucial diplomatic backing amidst heightened tensions following the Pahalgam attack, strengthening India’s position as it considers response options. While the US urges de-escalation, its support acknowledges India’s security concerns stemming from cross-border terrorism. The simultaneous approval of a $131 million military sale underscores the deepening India-US strategic defence partnership, enhancing India’s military preparedness. This complex situation requires India to balance its resolve for counter-terrorism action with regional stability concerns, navigating diplomatic pressures while maintaining its security interests against perceived threats from Pakistan.
What happened?
Following the 22 April terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, which killed 26 civilians, India initiated diplomatic outreach to non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held telephonic conversations on Tuesday and Wednesday with counterparts from 8 non-permanent members: Algeria, Denmark, Greece, Guyana, Panama, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, and Somalia. He conveyed India’s resolve to bring the perpetrators to justice. India has blamed Pakistan, citing cross-border links and the claim of responsibility by The Resistance Front (TRF), allegedly linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT); Pakistan denies involvement. Jaishankar also discussed the attack with UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, stressing the need for accountability. This outreach occurred after India reportedly faced challenges negotiating the phrasing of an earlier UNSC statement condemning the attack on 25 April.
Why it matters to India
India’s diplomatic engagement with UNSC non-permanent members is significant as it seeks to build international consensus and pressure for accountability following the Pahalgam attack, particularly given Pakistan is also a non-permanent member for 2025-26. The outreach aims to highlight the cross-border nature of the terrorism India faces and garner support for its stance that perpetrators, planners, and backers must face justice. It reinforces India’s determination to respond decisively, as stated by Prime Minister Modi, who has asserted that the armed forces have operational freedom. This diplomatic offensive complements India’s security considerations as it mulls response options and seeks to isolate those it holds responsible for the attack.
What happened?
India’s Minister of Commerce & Industry, Piyush Goyal, and European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Maroš Šefčovič, reaffirmed their shared resolve to conclude the India-European Union Free Trade Agreement (FTA) by the end of 2025. This follows strategic direction given by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen during a visit by the EU College of Commissioners to New Delhi in February 2025. Progress has been made across negotiating tracks, with momentum to be maintained through monthly rounds; the next is scheduled for 12-16 May 2025 in New Delhi. India emphasised the need for equal focus on non-tariff barriers (NTBs) alongside tariff discussions.
Why it matters to India
This high-level commitment underscores the strategic importance India places on building a commercially meaningful, mutually beneficial, balanced, and fair trade partnership with the EU to support its economic resilience and inclusive growth. The FTA is expected to be a transformative pillar of the India-EU strategic partnership, enhancing market access, supporting regulatory cooperation, fostering innovation, and boosting competitiveness. It aligns with India’s goals for digital transition, diversified and resilient supply chains, and attracting investment flows. Successfully concluding the FTA supports India’s ambition to be a “Vishwa Mitra” (partner to the world) and its 2047 development goals, furthering its vision of shaping a future-ready trade framework aligned with national priorities. Addressing NTBs is crucial for India to ensure its regulatory frameworks remain inclusive and do not restrict trade.
May 1, 2025
- → India and Norway hold talks to boost trade and investment
- → Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit appointed Chief of Integrated Defence Staff
- → Pakistan violates ceasefire along Line of Control; India retaliates
- → US Secretary of State engages with India and Pakistan amid rising tensions
What happened?
India’s Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, held bilateral meetings in Oslo with Norway’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Espen Barth Eide, and Minister of Trade and Industry, Cecilie Myrseth. The discussions on Wednesday focused on implementing the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), signed in March 2024, and strengthening overall bilateral trade and investment ties. Goyal also co-chaired the Norway India Business Executive Roundtable with Myrseth.
Why it matters to India
These discussions are crucial for operationalizing the TEPA between India and the EFTA bloc (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland). The agreement includes a significant commitment of $100 billion in investment into India from the EFTA nations over 15 years. Implementing the TEPA is expected to boost bilateral trade by lowering tariffs on various goods, potentially benefiting Indian consumers and industries. Strengthening economic ties with Norway and EFTA aligns with India’s broader strategy to attract foreign investment, enhance economic cooperation, and integrate further with global markets, complementing ongoing trade negotiations with the European Union.
What happened?
Ashutosh Dixit assumed charge as Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CISC) on Thursday, May 1, 2025, succeeding JP Mathew. Dixit was commissioned into the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force on December 6, 1986. An alumnus of the National Defence Academy, he is an experimental test pilot with over 3300 hours of flying experience on aircraft including Mirage-2000, MiG-21, and Jaguar. Prior to this appointment, he served as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Central Air Command. He has been awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Vishisht Seva Medal, and Vayu Sena Medal.
Why it matters to India
This appointment to a key position at the Integrated Defence Staff headquarters is significant for enhancing jointness and coordination among the Indian armed forces. Dixit’s previous role focused on operational readiness and inter-service coordination, suggesting a continued emphasis on strengthening India’s defence preparedness. His experience commanding a fighter training base and involvement in indigenous upgrade programmes like Jaguar and MiG-27 avionics highlights a background relevant to modernising India’s defence capabilities.
What happened?
On the intervening night of April 30 and May 1, 2025, Pakistani troops initiated an unprovoked ceasefire violation using small-arms fire across the Line of Control (LoC) opposite the Kupwara, Uri, and Akhnoor sectors in Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Army retaliated against the firing. This incident follows recent ceasefire violations by Pakistan in several other areas, including Poonch, Baramulla, Naushera, and Sunderbani.
Why it matters to India
Repeated ceasefire violations by Pakistan underscore the volatile security environment along the LoC and the ongoing threat to peace in the region. These actions, occurring amidst heightened India-Pakistan tensions following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, highlight the continuous challenges India faces in maintaining border security and managing cross-border provocations. The Indian Army’s retaliation signifies India’s resolve to counter such violations effectively.
What happened?
Following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on April 22 that killed 26 people, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio held separate phone calls with India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Rubio urged both countries to de-escalate tensions, reaffirmed US cooperation with India against terrorism, and pressed Pakistan to condemn the attack and cooperate with the investigation. Since the attack, tensions have increased, leading India to suspend the Indus Waters Treaty, close the Attari border, and block some Pakistani celebrity Instagram accounts, while Pakistan closed its airspace to Indian flights and suspended the Simla Agreement.
Why it matters to India
The US engagement underscores international concern regarding regional stability and acknowledges India’s concerns about cross-border terrorism originating from Pakistan. The call reaffirms US support for India’s counter-terrorism efforts. The situation highlights the persistent security challenges in Jammu and Kashmir and the complexities of India-Pakistan relations, particularly after terror incidents. India’s leadership has asserted that the Indian Armed Forces have “complete operational freedom” to respond to the Pahalgam attack, indicating a firm stance.
April 30, 2025
- → PM Modi Grants Armed Forces Full Operational Freedom After Pahalgam Attack
- → No Consensus at BRICS Foreign Ministers’ Meet as Brazil Criticizes Unilateral Tariffs
- → Former R&AW Chief Alok Joshi Appointed Head of Revamped National Security Advisory Board
- → High-Level Cabinet Meetings Conclude at PM Modi’s Residence
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has granted the armed forces full operational freedom to decide the timing, targets, and nature of India’s response to the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack. The announcement came after a high-level security meeting involving Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, NSA Ajit Doval, and the chiefs of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and CDS General Anil Chauhan. The Pahalgam attack, which killed 26 civilians—mostly tourists—has triggered nationwide outrage and calls for strong retaliatory action.
Why it matters to India
The PM’s decision signals a shift towards a more assertive military posture, recalling precedents like the 2016 Uri surgical strikes and the 2019 Balakot air strikes. The government’s “zero tolerance” approach to cross-border terrorism is further underscored by moves such as the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty. As tensions with Pakistan escalate, operational autonomy for the armed forces increases the likelihood of a calibrated but forceful response, shaping India’s regional security dynamics in the weeks ahead.
What happened?
Foreign ministers of the expanded BRICS grouping failed to agree on a joint communique after a meeting in Rio de Janeiro. However, chair Brazil issued a national statement warning against rising trade protectionism. The statement expressed “serious concern” over the fragmentation of the global economy and the erosion of multilateralism, without directly naming the United States. The remarks come amid renewed tariff actions by the U.S. under President Donald Trump’s trade policy, which has raised alarm globally.
Why it matters to India
As a key BRICS member, India stands to be significantly affected by any weakening of multilateral trade frameworks. The failure to reach a joint BRICS communique reflects deepening geopolitical divides and rising economic uncertainty. India, with its export-driven sectors and strategic reliance on open trade, has a vested interest in countering unilateral protectionism. The July BRICS summit in Rio may offer a crucial opportunity to reinforce a collective stance on global trade rules and economic cooperation.
What happened?
The government has reconstituted the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB), appointing former R&AW chief Alok Joshi as its new chairman. The revamped seven-member board now includes senior retired officials from the military, police, and diplomatic services. New members include Air Marshal PM Sinha, Lt Gen AK Singh, Rear Admiral Monty Khanna, IPS officers Rajiv Ranjan Verma and Manmohan Singh, and former IFS officer B Venkatesh Varma. The NSAB advises the National Security Council on long-term strategic and security issues.
Why it matters to India
The reconstitution of the NSAB reflects the government’s intent to strengthen institutional expertise on national security amid rising regional threats, including cross-border terrorism. With seasoned veterans across defence, policing, and diplomacy, the board is poised to offer deeper, multi-domain insights to the National Security Council. This move comes days after the Pahalgam terror attack, signalling Delhi’s broader recalibration of strategic preparedness and high-level security advisory infrastructure.
What happened?
The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), alongside the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs (CCPA) and the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), convened at Prime Minister Modi’s residence in New Delhi. The second CCS meeting reviewed national security preparedness following the deadly Pahalgam terror attack. A cabinet briefing is scheduled for 4:00 pm today. Earlier, the CCS attributed the attack to “cross-border linkages” and announced stringent measures targeting Pakistan, including suspending the Indus Water Treaty and scaling down diplomatic ties.
Why it matters to India
The CCS’s assertive steps reflect a hardened national security posture in response to Pakistan-linked terrorism. The revocation of Pakistani visas, closure of the Attari ICP, and treaty suspension signal a decisive shift in India’s diplomatic engagement. These escalations could strain bilateral relations and regional stability. New Delhi’s commitment to accountability, as reiterated by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, underscores India’s broader counterterrorism doctrine amid heightened Indo-Pak tensions.
April 29, 2025
- → India, US Officials Meet in Washington, Make Headway on Bilateral Trade Agreement
- → India’s Defence Spending Nearly 9 Times Pakistan’s in 2024: SIPRI Report
- → Mark Carney Leads Liberal Party to Victory in Canadian Federal Elections
What happened?
India and the United States held high-level talks in Washington from April 23 to 25 to fast-track negotiations on a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). The discussions addressed tariff and non-tariff issues, customs facilitation, and other trade-related matters across 19 chapters. Both sides aim to finalise the first phase of the BTA by September-October 2025. The talks follow earlier meetings in March and a business summit in Jaipur during US Vice President JD Vance’s recent India visit.
Why it matters to India
The BTA is expected to provide a framework to stabilise and expand India-US economic ties amid looming trade uncertainties, including a 26% tariff imposed by the US that expires on July 9. With India targeting a leap in bilateral trade from USD 191 billion to USD 500 billion by 2030, the pact could unlock early gains in key sectors. It may also deepen supply chain integration and reduce market access barriers for Indian exports.
What happened?
India’s military expenditure rose by 1.6% to $86.1 billion in 2024, making it the fifth highest globally, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). This spending was nearly nine times greater than Pakistan’s ($10.2 billion), amid heightened tensions following the Pahalgam attack. China, Asia’s top spender, allocated an estimated $314 billion—a 7% rise—marking 30 consecutive years of growth. Globally, the US, China, Russia, Germany, and India accounted for 60% of all military spending.
Why it matters to India
India’s growing defence outlay underscores its efforts to modernise military capabilities amid increasing regional threats, particularly from China and Pakistan. As China expands its cyber and nuclear capabilities, India’s relative military preparedness remains a key strategic concern. Pakistan’s comparatively lower spending may not offset its asymmetric tactics, especially with alleged cross-border activities. Additionally, sustained global militarisation—especially in Europe—highlights the importance of India maintaining robust defence deterrence in a volatile geopolitical environment.
What happened?
Mark Carney’s victory in Canada’s federal elections marks a significant political shift, with the Liberal Party returning to power under new leadership. A former central banker and political outsider, Carney made restoring strained ties with India a campaign priority. The relationship had collapsed after the Trudeau government accused “Indian agents” of involvement in the 2023 killing of Khalistani separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Trade talks froze, envoys were expelled, and official visits suspended.
Carney has vowed to revive relations, calling India a key democratic and commercial partner.
Why it matters to India
Carney’s election opens a path for re-engagement on trade, education, and technology. India is Canada’s top source of immigrants, students, and tech workers, but diplomatic relations under Trudeau were marred by allegations of Ottawa’s tolerance of extremist Sikh separatist rhetoric. New Delhi sees Carney’s emphasis on shared values and trade diversification as a chance to reset ties. Reviving CEPA talks and restoring trust could reshape India-Canada relations after years of tension.
April 28, 2025
- → India, France Finalise Deal for 26 Rafale-M Jets for Indian Navy
- → Kailash Mansarovar Yatra Restarts, Signalling Easing of India-China Tensions
- → India, UK Push to Finalise Long-Pending Free Trade Agreement
- → China Calls for Restraint After Pahalgam Attack Amid Rising India-Pakistan Tensions
What happened?
India and France signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for the procurement of 26 Rafale-M fighter jets for the Indian Navy, including 22 single-seaters and 4 twin-seaters. The Rs 63,000-crore deal covers simulators, weapons, training, and performance-based logistics. It also includes setting up production and MRO facilities in India. Deliveries will begin in 3–4 years, while integration of indigenous weapons like ASTRA Mk1 is planned under a Transfer of Technology arrangement.
Why it matters to India
The Rafale-M will enhance India’s maritime air power, supporting operations from short-deck, ski-jump aircraft carriers like INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant. It ensures operational continuity as MiG-29Ks are phased out, until the indigenous TEDBF is ready. The deal strengthens Indo-French defence ties, boosts the Navy’s carrier strike capabilities, and is expected to create significant opportunities for Indian MSMEs through localisation initiatives.
What happened?
In a step towards normalising strained ties, India announced that the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra will resume from June 2025 after a five-year suspension. Five batches of 50 pilgrims each will cross through Uttarakhand’s Lipulekh Pass and ten batches through Sikkim’s Nathu La Pass. The Ministry of External Affairs has opened registrations online, with pilgrims to be selected through a computer-generated, gender-balanced process.
Why it matters to India
The yatra’s resumption signals a thaw in India-China relations following military disengagement in eastern Ladakh. It reflects progress since meetings between senior officials, including External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and China’s Wang Yi. Beyond religious importance, the move could pave the way for easing visas, starting direct flights, and enhancing people-to-people exchanges — crucial steps toward rebuilding trust between the two neighbours.
What happened?
Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal met UK Secretary of State for Business and Trade Jonathan Reynolds in London to address pending issues in the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations. Talks focused on tariffs, market access, and simplifying trade norms. Government officials said the FTA discussions are nearing conclusion, with parallel efforts ongoing to finalise a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and a social security pact.
Why it matters to India
Finalising the FTA would significantly deepen India-UK economic ties, offering new market opportunities and boosting investment. Amid rising global protectionism and upcoming elections in both countries, securing the deal would provide a strategic advantage. Resolving issues on whisky tariffs, financial services, and carbon border taxes will also help position India strongly in the evolving global trade landscape.
What happened?
Following the Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 people, China has urged India and Pakistan to exercise restraint and called for a swift and fair investigation into the incident. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, in a call with Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar, reaffirmed Beijing’s support for Islamabad in safeguarding its sovereignty. China emphasized its willingness to support measures that would help de-escalate tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbours.
Why it matters to India
China’s public backing of Pakistan amid heightened India-Pakistan tensions complicates New Delhi’s diplomatic efforts following the Pahalgam attack. While India moves to isolate Pakistan globally, including suspending the Indus Waters Treaty, Beijing’s intervention signals continued strategic support for Islamabad. This underlines the growing China-Pakistan nexus and reinforces India’s need to recalibrate its regional security and diplomatic strategies carefully to counter the emerging geopolitical challenge.
April 25, 2025
- → Army Chief Reviews Security in Srinagar
- → Sri Lanka to Develop Energy Hub with India and UAE
- → India Retaliates to Pakistan Ceasefire Breach
- → India Informs Pakistan of Indus Waters Treaty Abeyance
- → India Attends Trade Meeting with South Africa
- → India’s Inland Waterways Achieve Record Cargo Movement
What happened?
Indian Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi visited Srinagar to review the security situation in the Union Territory. He was briefed by the 15 Corps Commander on the prevailing security scenario and held discussions with senior army commanders and other security officials. General Dwivedi was also briefed on the Indian Army’s efforts to counter terrorists and Pakistan Army’s ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC). Earlier, Pakistan Army troops initiated small arms fire at several locations along the LoC, which was met with a response from the Indian Army.
Why it matters to India
The Army Chief’s visit to Srinagar underscores India’s focus on maintaining security and stability in the region. Addressing cross-border terrorism and ceasefire violations is crucial for India’s national security and regional stability
What happened?
Sri Lanka will begin developing an energy hub in Trincomalee with India and the United Arab Emirates. This initiative, agreed upon during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit, aims to leverage Sri Lanka’s strategic location. The project will include the construction of a multi-product pipeline, bunkering facilities, and potentially a refinery, and will also involve developing a World War II-era storage tank farm partly owned by the Sri Lankan subsidiary of Indian Oil. Representatives from Ceylon Petroleum, Indian Oil, and AD Ports are scheduled to meet in late May to discuss a detailed business plan.
Why it matters to India
Collaboration with Sri Lanka and the UAE to develop an energy hub enhances India’s energy security and regional influence. This project strengthens India’s ties with Sri Lanka and promotes economic development in the region.
What happened?
Pakistan Army troops violated the ceasefire by opening fire at multiple locations along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Army responded. This incident occurred shortly after a terror attack in Pahalgam, which resulted in 26 deaths. India has taken several retaliatory measures, including suspending the Indus Waters Treaty, expelling Pakistani military attachés, and suspending the Attari land-transit post.
Why it matters to India
Pakistan’s ceasefire breach and the preceding terror attack have heightened tensions between the two countries. India’s strong response, including the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, demonstrates its firm stance against cross-border terrorism and its willingness to protect its strategic interests.
What happened?
India has informed Pakistan of its decision to keep the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, citing sustained cross-border terrorism by Pakistan as impeding India’s rights under the treaty. This decision was conveyed in a letter from India’s Secretary of Water Resources, Debashree Mukherjee, to her Pakistani counterpart, Syed Ali Murtaza.
Why it matters to India
Suspending the Indus Waters Treaty reflects India’s strategic response to Pakistan’s support for cross-border terrorism. India is emphasizing that its cooperation on water sharing is contingent on Pakistan’s adherence to its obligations regarding terrorism.
What happened?
An Indian delegation participated in the second session of the India-South Africa Joint Working Group on Trade and Investment (JWGTI) in Pretoria, South Africa, from April 22–23. The discussions focused on enhancing bilateral trade and investment, addressing outstanding issues, and strengthening ties. Key areas of collaboration included pharmaceuticals, healthcare, agriculture, MSMEs, and jewellery manufacturing.
Why it matters to India
Strengthening trade and investment ties with South Africa, India’s largest trading partner in Africa, is crucial for India’s economic growth. Expanding cooperation in various sectors and exploring a trade agreement with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) can create new opportunities for Indian businesses.
What happened?
India’s inland water transport (IWT) sector achieved a record cargo movement of 145.5 million metric tonnes (MMT) in FY 2024–25, which is nearly eight times the 18.10 MMT recorded in FY 2013–14. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways attributed this growth to strategic investments, digital tools, and policy reforms. The sector has grown significantly over the last decade, with major commodities moved including coal, iron ore, sand, and fly ash.
Why it matters to India
The development of inland waterways provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly mode of transportation, reducing reliance on road and rail. Increased cargo movement and infrastructure development contribute to India’s economic growth and regional connectivity.
April 24, 2025
- → India Suspends Indus Waters Treaty and Closes Attari Border Amidst Terror Attack Fallout
- → Pakistan: Holding Indus Waters Treaty in Abeyance Is an “Act of War”
- → Outcomes of Prime Minister Modi’s State Visit to Saudi Arabia
- → Defence Minister Singh Emphasizes Indigenous Aero-Engine Development for IAF
- → ISRO to Add 100-150 Satellites to Enhance India’s Security
What happened?
The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) met under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister Narendra Modi on April 23, 2025, to address the terrorist attack in Pahalgam on April 22, 2025, which resulted in the death of 25 Indians and one Nepali citizen. The CCS condemned the attack and decided to hold the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 in abeyance, close the Integrated Check Post Attari, and impose travel restrictions on Pakistani nationals. Additionally, Pakistani defence officials in New Delhi were declared persona non grata, and the strength of the High Commissions will be reduced.
Why it matters to India
The decisions made by the CCS reflect India’s strong response to the cross-border terrorism, with a focus on reconfiguring the deterrence framework with Pakistan. The suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty and the closing of the Attari border are significant actions impacting bilateral relations and security. India aims to convey a clear message that it will not tolerate terrorism and will take all necessary steps to ensure national security and seek justice for the victims.
What happened?
After India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty in response to the Pahalgam terror attack, Pakistan launched sweeping countermeasures on April 24. It closed its airspace to Indian-operated airlines, shut the Wagah border, and halted all trade, including transit via third countries. Islamabad cancelled SAARC visas for Indian nationals—except Sikh pilgrims—ordering them to leave within 48 hours. It also suspended the Simla Agreement and expelled Indian defence advisers. Crucially, Pakistan warned that any disruption of Indus waters would be treated as an “act of war”.
Why it matters to India
By framing water flow from the Indus as a national lifeline for its 240 million citizens, Pakistan has escalated the treaty dispute into a potential security flashpoint. Its threat of retaliation “across the complete spectrum of national power” raises the stakes beyond diplomacy. India must now contend with the risk of international arbitration and a possible regional security crisis. This development significantly heightens tensions, undermining the stability of an already volatile India-Pakistan dynamic.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman co-chaired the second leaders meeting of the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council (SPC) on April 22, 2025, in Jeddah. The Council reviewed cooperation in various sectors and decided to create new Ministerial Committees on Defence Cooperation and on Tourism and Cultural Cooperation under the SPC. The High-Level Task Force on Investment (HLTF) discussed promoting Saudi Arabia’s investment in India, including establishing two refineries. Several MoUs and agreements were signed between India and Saudi Arabia, covering space activities, health cooperation, anti-doping education, and postal services.
Why it matters to India
Modi’s visit to Saudi Arabia and the outcomes of the SPC meeting are significant for strengthening India’s strategic partnership with a key player in the Gulf region. The deepening of cooperation in defence, trade, investment, and technology aligns with India’s strategic interests and economic goals. Saudi Arabia’s commitment to invest USD 100 billion in India is a major boost for India’s economy, and the agreements in various sectors will foster bilateral cooperation and mutual benefit.
What happened?
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh stated on Wednesday that aero-engine development is a priority area for the government, with the aim to produce these engines indigenously through co-development and co-production, while securing full intellectual property rights. Addressing an event at the Air Force auditorium, Singh highlighted the importance of self-sufficiency in the defence sector and acknowledged the shifting geo-strategic equations and their impact on India’s national security.
Why it matters to India
The focus on indigenous aero-engine development underscores India’s commitment to achieving self-reliance in defence production and strengthening the Indian Air Force. This initiative is crucial for reducing import dependency and enhancing national security in the face of evolving geo-strategic challenges. Singh’s emphasis on ‘atmanirbharta’ (self-sufficiency) aligns with the government’s broader vision for the defence sector.
What happened?
ISRO Chairman V Narayanan announced on Wednesday that India plans to add 100-150 satellites over the next three years to enhance border security and coastal surveillance. Narayanan mentioned that currently, India operates about 55 satellites, which is insufficient for a country with vast borders and a 7,500 km shoreline. He also detailed ISRO’s successful second docking of satellites as part of its SpaDeX missions.
Why it matters to India
The planned increase in the number of satellites is crucial for India to strengthen its surveillance and protect its borders and coastal areas. This initiative aligns with India’s focus on national security and leveraging space technology for strategic purposes. ISRO’s achievements, such as the SpaDeX missions, demonstrate India’s growing capabilities in space technology, which have applications in both civilian and defence sectors.
April 23, 2025
- → Terror attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir
- → Terrorist Attack in Pahalgam Draws Global Condemnation
- → “The 21st Century Hinges on US-India Partnership” VP Vance in India.
- → India-Saudi Arabia Deepen Strategic Ties During PM Modi’s State Visit
What happened?
At least 26 people were feared dead after suspected militants opened fire on a group of tourists in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on April 22. The attack, which involved two to three gunmen in a meadow area, is among the deadliest in recent years. A little-known group, “Kashmir Resistance,” claimed responsibility, citing opposition to the recent settlement of over 84,000 non-locals in the region. PM Modi condemned the attack, vowing justice and reaffirming India’s anti-terror stance.
Why it matters to India
The attack highlights the resurgence of militancy in Kashmir amid demographic changes following the 2019 revocation of Article 370. It threatens the fragile security gains in the region, undermines tourism, and complicates India’s domestic and international positioning on Kashmir. The timing—coinciding with US Vice President JD Vance’s visit—may indicate an attempt to draw global attention to the conflict, risking further diplomatic friction with Pakistan and challenging India’s counterinsurgency strategy.
What happened?
At least 26 people were killed and dozens injured in a terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on Tuesday, making it one of the deadliest civilian-targeted assaults in recent years. The Resistance Front (TRF), a proxy of Lashkar-e-Taiba, claimed responsibility. The attack drew global outrage, with leaders from the US, Israel, Russia, China, and others condemning the violence and expressing solidarity with India.
Why it matters to India
The widespread condemnation bolsters India’s global diplomatic position in framing terrorism in Kashmir as a cross-border threat. Expressions of solidarity from key powers, including Saudi Arabia, the US, and EU members, may help India push for stronger international counter-terror frameworks and put pressure on Pakistan to crack down on proxy groups operating from its soil.
What happened?
On his first visit to India, US Vice President JD Vance delivered a keynote at the Ananta Centre’s India-US Forum in Jaipur, emphasizing strategic cooperation. He endorsed deeper defence collaboration, co-production of weapons, energy exports, and the newly agreed roadmap for a US-India trade agreement. Vance praised India’s growth vision, cultural pride, and PM Modi’s popularity, while criticizing Western pessimism. He affirmed Washington’s commitment to a multipolar Indo-Pacific and lauded India’s role in hosting the upcoming Quad Summit.
Why it matters to India
Vance’s speech signals bipartisan continuity in the US approach to India, underscoring strategic alignment on trade, energy, and regional security. His strong endorsement of defence co-production and F-35 sales points to a significant shift in bilateral military-industrial ties. The finalization of the trade deal’s terms of reference could pave the way for a $500 billion trade target. His remarks also reaffirm India’s status as a key partner in shaping a free and rules-based Indo-Pacific, positioning New Delhi as a pillar in Washington’s global strategy.
What happened?
On April 22, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Saudi Arabia for his third state visit, co-chairing the second India-Saudi Strategic Partnership Council meeting with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The leaders expanded the Council to four Ministerial Committees, signed multiple MoUs in health, space, doping control, and postal cooperation, and reviewed progress in trade, investment, defence, and energy cooperation. Modi also condemned the April 22 terror attack in J&K and lauded Saudi Arabia’s World Expo 2030 and FIFA World Cup 2034 bids.
Why it matters to India
The visit signals India’s deepening economic and geopolitical engagement with West Asia. With Saudi Arabia hosting 2.7 million Indians and emerging as India’s fourth-largest trade partner, enhanced defence ties, energy collaboration, and investment commitments—such as establishing two refineries and progressing on a Bilateral Investment Treaty—are critical. The reaffirmation of joint counterterrorism efforts and support for initiatives like IMEC, renewable energy, and climate diplomacy further align with India’s global strategic ambitions.
April 22, 2025
- → India Aims for Top Position at International Telecom Union
- → India Exports BrahMos Missiles to Philippines
- → Prime Minister Modi Visits Saudi Arabia
- → Kailash Mansarovar Yatra to Resume
What happened?
India has nominated M. Revathi, Joint Wireless Advisor at the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), as its candidate for Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The ITU, a UN agency, is responsible for global radio frequencies and satellite orbits, which are crucial for technologies like 5G and 6G. If elected, Revathi would be the first woman and the first representative from ITU Regions E (Asia/Australasia) and D (Africa) to lead the Bureau.
Why it matters to India
India’s nomination signifies its ambition to play a leading role in global telecom governance and shape the future of radiocommunication standards. This effort aligns with India’s vision of inclusive digital growth and its focus on ensuring equitable access to spectrum, particularly for developing nations. India’s growing influence in the telecom sector is further underscored by its successful hosting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) in New Delhi in October 2024.
What happened?
India has shipped the second battery of its BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system to the Philippines, as part of a $375 million deal signed in 2022. Unlike the first delivery via an Indian Air Force aircraft, this shipment was transported by sea. The BrahMos missile, developed jointly by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyenia, is capable of flying at nearly three times the speed of sound (Mach 2.8) and can be launched from land, sea, and air. There is also a plan to increase the indigenous components of the missile to 83%.
Why it matters to India
The export of the BrahMos missile to the Philippines, and the interest from other ASEAN and Gulf nations, highlights India’s growing role as a major arms exporter. This strategic shift in defence diplomacy strengthens India’s ties with Southeast Asian countries and enhances its influence in a region where China has a strong presence.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi began a two-day official visit to Saudi Arabia at the invitation of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, describing Saudi Arabia as a “force of positivity and stability” in the region. The visit aims to strengthen defence, security, energy, and people-to-people ties. In an interview, PM Modi emphasized the growing trust between India and Saudi Arabia, particularly in defence and security, noting the progress in counterterrorism, anti-extremism, terror financing disruption, and cybersecurity cooperation. He also highlighted Saudi Arabia’s role as a vital partner in India’s energy security and expressed gratitude for the support given to Indian pilgrims for Haj and Umrah.
Why it matters to India
PM Modi’s visit underscores the strategic importance of the India-Saudi Arabia relationship. Strengthening ties with Saudi Arabia, a key player in the region, is crucial for India’s energy security, defence cooperation, and regional stability. The emphasis on expanding defence collaboration and exploring Saudi investment in India’s defence manufacturing sector aligns with India’s growing role in global arms exports and its strategic interests.
What happened?
The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra will resume on June 30 after a five-year gap. The pilgrimage, which was postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, will pass through the Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district. The decision to resume the yatra was made at a meeting in New Delhi under the Uttarakhand government and the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, with the Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam responsible for conducting the pilgrimage. The yatra will commence from Delhi on June 30, with five groups of 50 people each (250 devotees total) participating. The first group will enter China via Lipulekh Pass on July 10, and the last group will depart from China for India on August 22. Each team will travel for 22 days, with health check-ups for pilgrims in Delhi and Gunji.
Why it matters to India
The resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra is significant as it holds great religious importance for Hindus. Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, located in Tibet under Chinese control, are believed to be the abode of Lord Shiva, and the pilgrimage is considered to lead to salvation. The successful coordination between the Indian Ministry of External Affairs and the Uttarakhand government to organise and conduct the yatra highlights India’s diplomatic and administrative capabilities.
April 21, 2025
- → Pope Francis, the first Latin American pontiff, dies at 88
- → Indian Air Force Participates in Multinational Exercise Desert Flag-10 in UAE
- → Agriculture Minister Chouhan’s Brazil Visit Focuses on Strengthening Agricultural Ties
- → US Vice President Vance Arrives in India for First Official Visit
- → Finance Minister Sitharaman to Attend G20, IMF-World Bank Meetings
- → ISRO’s SpaDEX Mission Completes Second Docking of Satellites
What happened?
Pope Francis, the first Latin American to lead the Roman Catholic Church, died at 88, the Vatican confirmed on Monday. The Argentine-born Jorge Mario Bergoglio passed away at 7:35 a.m., a day after his first public appearance since a prolonged hospital stay for pneumonia. Elected in 2013, Francis’ tenure was marked by attempts to modernise the Church, deep internal divisions, and global acclaim for his advocacy for the poor and marginalised.
Why it matters to India
Pope Francis maintained strong interfaith outreach and global diplomatic engagement that impacted India’s diverse religious landscape. His progressive stance on social issues often resonated with Indian civil society. India, home to a significant Catholic population, was influenced by his promotion of peace, climate action, and migration rights. His death may shape future Vatican policy towards Asia, especially as 80% of cardinal electors were appointed by him, hinting at continuity in India-Vatican relations.
What happened?
A contingent of the Indian Air Force reached Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates to participate in Exercise Desert Flag-10, a multinational air combat exercise. The IAF is fielding MiG-29 and Jaguar aircraft in the exercise, scheduled from April 21 to May 08, 2025. The exercise is being hosted by the UAE Air Force, with participating contingents from the Air Forces of Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Turkey, UAE, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Why it matters to India
Participation in Exercise Desert Flag-10 allows the IAF to undertake complex and diverse fighter engagements and exchange operational knowledge and best practices with some of the most capable Air Forces in the world. Such exercises enhance mutual understanding, interoperability, and strengthen military cooperation among the participating nations. The IAF’s participation underscores India’s commitment to strengthening defence ties and interoperability with friendly nations in the region and beyond.
What happened?
Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan’s Brazil visit, scheduled to conclude on April 21, focused on strengthening agricultural trade, technology, and innovation between India and Brazil. Chouhan led the Indian delegation at the 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting in Brasilia. During the visit, he emphasized promoting the production and export of soya in India, upgrading Indian farmers with global technologies, and ensuring global food security. He also addressed concerns for small farmers in the BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting.
Why it matters to India
Chouhan’s visit is crucial for India to enhance agricultural cooperation with Brazil, a major player in agricultural exports. The focus on soya production and technology transfer aligns with India’s goal to boost its agricultural capabilities and exports. Cooperation in biofuel, bioenergy, supply chain integration, and agricultural machinery will enable Indian farmers to access global technology. Discussions also aimed at strengthening global food security and addressing the needs of small farmers, showcasing India’s commitment to inclusive and sustainable agriculture.
What happened?
US Vice President JD Vance arrived in India on April 21 for his first official visit. He is accompanied by his wife, Usha Vance, and their children, as well as senior members of the US Administration. Vance is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday at the Prime Minister’s official residence. Following official meetings, the Vance family is set to visit Jaipur and Agra.
Why it matters to India
Vance’s visit is expected to strengthen economic, trade, and defence cooperation between India and the US. Discussions may include a potential trade agreement, highlighting the ongoing efforts to enhance bilateral trade relations. The visit underscores the importance of the India-US comprehensive strategic global partnership and the intent to discuss all relevant issues to further boost bilateral ties.
What happened?
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman is on an 11-day official trip to the US and Peru to participate in G20 meetings and attend Spring Meetings of the IMF-World Bank, among other bilateral engagements. On April 20, Sitharaman was scheduled to deliver a keynote address at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. From April 22-25, Sitharaman will participate in the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, the 2nd G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor (FMCBG) Meetings, Development Committee Plenary, IMFC Plenary, and Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable (GSDR) meeting. During her visit to Peru from April 26 to 30, Sitharaman will lead an Indian delegation to discuss strengthening bilateral economic and trade relations.
Why it matters to India
Sitharaman’s visit to the US includes meetings with top CEOs from fund management and IT firms, enhancing India’s economic ties and showcasing India to investors. Her participation in G20 and IMF-World Bank meetings allows India to play a key role in global economic discussions and policy-making. The visit to Peru is strategically important for India to explore collaboration in the mining sector, securing access to critical minerals and precious metals vital for India’s resource security and value-chain linkages. Discussions are expected to strengthen India’s resource security and facilitate value-chain linkages between the two economies.
What happened?
ISRO’s SpaDEX mission successfully achieved its second satellite docking. Union Minister Jitendra Singh announced that the second docking of satellites was accomplished on Monday. The PSLV-C60 / SpaDEX mission was launched on December 30, 2024. The first docking was successfully completed on January 16, 2025, and the satellites were undocked on March 13, 2025. The mission involved the docking of two small spacecraft — SDX01 (the Chaser) and SDX02 (the Target) — each weighing around 220 kg. These satellites were launched aboard the PSLV-C60 rocket from Sriharikota on December 30, 2024.
Why it matters to India
The successful docking of the SpaDEX satellites in January made India the fourth country in the world to achieve satellite docking in space, following the US, Russia, and China. The docking technology, indigenously developed by ISRO, is known as the Bharatiya Docking System and is a major step toward building India’s capabilities in orbital docking. This technology is crucial for future human spaceflight, satellite servicing missions, and establishing a space station. It will also be essential for India’s upcoming missions, such as future lunar expeditions like Chandrayaan-4, and for conducting operations without relying on Earth-based navigation systems.
April 19, 2025
- → India likely to ease nuclear liability laws to attract foreign firms
- → Prime Minister’s Visit to Saudi Arabia Announced
- → India Participates in GITEX Africa 2025
- → Defence Secretary Concludes UK Visit
- → New Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme to Boost India’s Role
- → Prime Minister to Embark on Three-Nation Europe Tour
What happened?
India is preparing to amend its nuclear liability legislation, specifically the 2010 Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, to cap accident-related penalties for equipment suppliers. The proposed changes, hinted at by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, seek to remove the clause that exposes suppliers to unlimited liability. A draft law by the Department of Atomic Energy proposes capping compensation that operators can claim from suppliers at the value of the original contract and introducing a specific time period for claims.
Why it matters to India
These amendments aim to revive stalled foreign investment in India’s nuclear sector, particularly from US firms, by aligning India with international norms where the operator is primarily responsible for safety. The changes are expected to encourage companies like General Electric and Westinghouse Electric to enter India’s nuclear market, supporting India’s goal to increase nuclear power generation. Parliamentary approval for the amended law is crucial for both nuclear energy expansion and concluding a trade deal with the US, which targets increasing bilateral trade to $500 billion by 2030. The government is also exploring private Indian participation in nuclear energy projects, with large domestic conglomerates considering investments.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April 22-23, 2025, at the invitation of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This visit follows the Crown Prince’s visit to New Delhi in September 2023 for the G20 Summit and to co-chair the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council meeting.
Why it matters to India
The visit highlights the importance India places on its strategic relationship with Saudi Arabia. It provides an opportunity to deepen the multifaceted partnership across various sectors, including political, defence, security, trade, investment, and energy. Strengthening ties with Saudi Arabia aligns with India’s geopolitical and economic interests in the region.
What happened?
India participated in GITEX Africa 2025, a major tech and start-up event held in Marrakesh, Morocco. Minister of State Jayant Chaudhary represented India, engaging in bilateral meetings and discussions on digital public infrastructure (DPI), AI, and skilling. He emphasized India’s achievements in DPI and its potential for collaboration with African partners.
Why it matters to India
India’s participation in GITEX Africa 2025 allows it to showcase its digital advancements and leadership in skilling and digital innovation. Sharing India’s expertise in DPI can foster collaborations with African nations, promoting inclusive and equitable growth. India’s growing AI talent pool and its focus on integrating technology into the skilling ecosystem can lead to strategic partnerships and economic opportunities.
What happened?
Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh concluded a two-day visit to London, where he co-chaired the 24th India-UK Defence Consultative Group meeting with the UK’s Permanent Under Secretary of State for Defence, David Williams. They reviewed the geopolitical landscape and reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening defence ties, building on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and the Roadmap to 2030. The Defence Secretary also met with the UK’s National Security Adviser, Jonathan Powell, to discuss expanding military engagements and defence industry collaboration.
Why it matters to India
The visit underscores India’s focus on strengthening defence cooperation with the UK, addressing both regional and global security issues. Encouraging partnerships between UK companies and Indian start-ups can drive innovation and provide cost-effective defence solutions. Developing an Industrial Cooperation Roadmap and inviting UK firms to invest in India’s Defence Corridors can enhance India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem and promote indigenous production.
What happened?
Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced the New Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme, approved by the Cabinet, to enhance India’s role in global electronics supply chains. The scheme will support passive components, complementing the National Semiconductor Mission’s focus on active components. In addition, Union Minister Vaishnaw inaugurated VVDN Technologies’ new Surface Mount Technology Line and Mechanical Innovation Park in Manesar, Haryana. Electronics manufacturing in India has reportedly grown fivefold in the last six years, with exports increasing sixfold over the last decade.
Why it matters to India
The new manufacturing scheme is expected to significantly boost domestic production, generate employment, and reduce import dependency, moving India towards self-reliance in electronics. The growth in electronics manufacturing and the emphasis on design capabilities enhance India’s position in the global electronics landscape. The development of indigenous design tools and manufacturing capabilities is crucial for achieving technological self-reliance.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to undertake a three-nation tour of Europe, including Croatia, Norway, and the Netherlands, in mid-May. This visit follows increased engagements between India and Europe, including the European Commission President’s visit to India. The visit will include participation in the third India-Nordic Summit in Oslo on May 15.
Why it matters to India
The tour aims to strengthen India’s ties with key European nations, focusing on trade, economic cooperation, and strategic partnerships. The India-Nordic Summit provides a platform to enhance cooperation in trade, innovation, green energy, and climate change. The visit to Croatia, the first by an Indian Prime Minister, seeks to strengthen economic ties and explore its role in the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor. The visit to Netherlands will be focused on elevating the bilateral ties.
April 18, 2025
- → PM Modi, Elon Musk Discuss Deepening India–US Cooperation in Tech and Innovation
- → India Reinforces Commitment to Heritage Preservation on World Heritage Day
- → EAM Jaishankar Urges Envoys to Explore Northeast India and Promote Its Strengths Globally
- → India Rejects Bangladesh’s Comments on Murshidabad Violence, Urges Focus on Domestic Minority Rights
- → MoS (PM) Pabitra Margherita to Visit Kuala Lumpur for ASEAN-India Tourism Exchange
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a phone conversation with Tesla CEO Elon Musk on April 18, reaffirming India’s commitment to deepening collaboration with the United States in technology and innovation. Modi shared on X that the discussion built upon topics covered during their meeting in Washington earlier this year, including space, mobility, and digital reform. The conversation comes amid reports of Tesla’s possible market entry into India and growing U.S. interest in satellite-based services.
Why it matters to India
The dialogue underscores India’s strategic push to attract high-tech investments and strengthen its innovation ecosystem through global partnerships. As Tesla and Starlink eye India for expansion, the government’s outreach to Elon Musk signals readiness to integrate cutting-edge technologies into sectors like mobility, satellite internet, and space. Such engagements align with India’s vision of becoming a global tech hub while improving digital access, especially in rural and disaster-prone regions.
What happened?
India observed World Heritage Day on April 18, highlighting its commitment to protecting cultural and natural legacies. This year’s theme—“Heritage under Threat from Disasters and Conflicts”—stressed the urgency of safeguarding heritage in vulnerable areas. With 43 World Heritage Sites and 62 on UNESCO’s Tentative List, India marked the day through multiple initiatives, including digital documentation, museum development, and international engagement, such as hosting the 46th World Heritage Committee session in Delhi in 2024.
Why it matters to India
As custodian of a vast civilisational legacy, India’s preservation efforts have global resonance. Government programmes like Adopt A Heritage 2.0, the digitisation of antiquities, and infrastructure revamps at pilgrimage sites reflect a policy shift towards heritage-led development and tourism. International collaborations and recognitions, including recent literary inscriptions and museum expansions, underscore India’s soft power strategy—anchoring heritage as both a national priority and a tool of global cultural diplomacy.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar urged foreign envoys to engage more deeply with northeast India, calling on them to familiarise themselves with the region’s potential and share its qualities with their respective governments and industries. Addressing ambassadors ahead of the North East Investors Summit 2025, he highlighted the region’s strategic position bordering five countries and its centrality to key Indian policies like Act East, Neighbourhood First, and BIMSTEC.
Why it matters to India
Jaishankar’s remarks signal a strategic push to globalise the northeast’s development narrative. As India strengthens its economic and connectivity links with Southeast Asia, showcasing the northeast as a hub for trade, tourism, and regional cooperation enhances its diplomatic and commercial leverage. By encouraging foreign engagement, India aims to attract investment and align the region with broader Indo-Pacific goals.
What happened?
India strongly rejected Bangladesh’s remarks on the recent violence in West Bengal’s Murshidabad district, terming them “unwarranted” and “disingenuous.” In response to Dhaka’s call for protecting minority Muslims affected by the unrest during protests against the Waqf Amendment Act, MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal urged Bangladesh to focus on safeguarding its own minority communities instead of engaging in “virtue signalling.” The violence had led to three deaths and injuries to hundreds.
Why it matters to India
India’s rebuttal signals a firm diplomatic stance against external commentary on its internal matters, especially from neighbouring countries with contested human rights records. The response draws attention to India’s longstanding concerns over the safety of Hindus and other minorities in Bangladesh, often raised through diplomatic channels. By rejecting Dhaka’s statement, New Delhi reaffirmed its sovereignty over domestic issues while highlighting the need for reciprocal accountability in regional human rights dialogues.
What happened?
Union Minister of State for External Affairs and Textiles, Shri Pabitra Margherita, is visiting Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on April 18–19 to attend the Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel Agents (MATTA) Fair. The visit is part of the ASEAN-India Tourism Professionals Exchange Programme 2025, organised under the ASEAN-India Fund in collaboration with the Assam Tourism Development Corporation. The initiative highlights India’s tourism offerings, especially from the North-East region.
Why it matters to India
The visit strengthens India’s tourism diplomacy in Southeast Asia, aligned with the ASEAN-India Year of Tourism 2025. By spotlighting North-East India at a major regional travel forum, New Delhi aims to boost inbound tourism, promote cultural exchange, and foster business-to-business partnerships. The delegation’s engagement with Malaysian industry leaders and the Indian diaspora further reinforces bilateral ties and economic cooperation under India’s Act East policy.
April 17, 2025
- → Finland President, PM Modi Discuss Boosting Ties in Digitalization and Mobility
- → Dhaka Halts Indian Yarn Imports Amid Growing Trade Friction
- → EU Proposes Counter-Piracy Naval Exercise with India
- → India to be Headquarters for International Big Cat Alliance
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Finland’s President Alexander Stubb held a phone conversation on Wednesday to review bilateral cooperation. They reaffirmed their commitment to deepening partnerships in emerging areas including quantum technology, 5G/6G, AI, and cybersecurity. Both leaders discussed ongoing collaborations in digitalization, mobility, and sustainability. They also exchanged views on regional and global issues such as the Ukraine conflict and agreed to maintain close contact going forward.
Why it matters to India
Finland is a key EU partner for India in the digital and tech sectors. Strengthening bilateral ties aligns with India’s ambitions in next-gen technologies and green mobility. Finland’s support for an early India-EU Free Trade Agreement boosts India’s strategic interest in diversifying trade and tech partnerships amid global uncertainty. Enhanced cooperation also reinforces India’s diplomatic presence in the Nordic region ahead of the upcoming India-Nordic Summit.
What happened?
Bangladesh’s National Board of Revenue has suspended yarn imports from India through major land ports—Benapole, Bhomra, Sonamasjid, Banglabandha, and Burimari—effective Tuesday. The move follows India’s recent withdrawal of a transhipment facility, citing congestion at airports and ports. Bangladeshi textile associations and the Trade and Tariff Commission had earlier demanded curbs on Indian yarn imports, arguing that cheaper Indian yarn was harming domestic producers and undercutting regional suppliers like China and Turkey.
Why it matters to India
The suspension highlights growing trade friction between Dhaka and New Delhi, especially in key sectors like textiles and agriculture. For India, this affects yarn exporters in West Bengal and surrounding states. Bangladesh’s shift towards diversifying imports—also seen in its move to source potatoes and onions from non-Indian suppliers—signals a reorientation of its trade policy. It underscores the need for India to recalibrate its regional economic diplomacy to safeguard market access and address concerns of trade imbalances.
What happened?
EU naval force Atalanta has proposed a joint counter-piracy exercise with the Indian Navy. The proposal was made during Vice Admiral Ignacio Serrano’s visit to India, where he met officials in Mumbai and New Delhi. If approved, the exercise will take place in the Indian Ocean by May-end, with EU deploying two warships. It aims to enhance tactical coordination, interoperability, and operational planning between the two sides.
Why it matters to India
As piracy threats persist off Somalia and in the wider Indian Ocean, deeper cooperation with EU naval forces bolsters India’s maritime security framework. The move aligns with India’s goal of maintaining a free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific. It also strengthens naval diplomacy and India’s strategic presence in a region vital to its trade and energy routes.
What happened?
India and the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) signed a Headquarters Agreement in New Delhi. The pact was formalised by MEA Secretary (East) P. Kumaran and IBCA Director General Dr. S.P. Yadav. The agreement designates India as the host for IBCA’s Secretariat and confers privileges, immunities, and operational rights. India will provide ₹150 crore in support from 2023-24 to 2028-29 to fund IBCA’s infrastructure and operations.
Why it matters to India
Hosting the IBCA reinforces India’s global leadership in wildlife conservation. Launched in 2023 by PM Modi, the alliance furthers the conservation of seven major wild cats. With India as a founding leader and headquarters host, the country strengthens its diplomatic and ecological influence while promoting global cooperation on biodiversity preservation.
April 16, 2025
- → India, EU to Resume FTA Talks in May
- → India-Italy Defence Talks Highlight Maritime Security, Co-Development of Technology
- → India Expands Energy Exploration Footprint Under OALP-IX and DSF Initiatives
- → Pune Hosts Sixth Edition of Indo-Uzbek DUSTLIK Military Exercise
What happened?
India and the European Union (EU) will hold the 11th round of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations from May 12–16 in New Delhi. The tenth round addressed market access in goods, services, investment, and government procurement. According to Additional Secretary L Satya Srinivas, both sides have agreed to fast-track the process. Separately, India launched CEPA talks with Chile on April 1 and concluded the seventh FTA round with Peru.
Why it matters to India
The India-EU FTA holds strategic value for diversifying trade ties amid global realignments. The EU is India’s third-largest trading partner, and deeper access could boost sectors like pharmaceuticals, IT, and textiles. Engagements with Chile and Peru mark India’s pivot to Latin America, aiming at its first FTA in the LAC region—key for expanding geopolitical and economic influence beyond traditional partners.
What happened?
India’s Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh met Italian Defence Minister Guido Crosetto in Rome (April 14–15) to boost bilateral defence cooperation. The 11th India-Italy Joint Defence Committee meeting, co-chaired by Singh and Italian Defence Secretary General Luisa Riccardi, focused on maritime collaboration, defence technology, and armament production. Singh also addressed an India-Italy Defence Industry Roundtable, highlighting India’s recent defence sector reforms. A key MoU was signed between SIDM and AIAD to deepen industrial cooperation in aerospace and defence.
Why it matters to India
Italy is a key EU partner in India’s strategic push for defence industrialisation. Enhanced defence cooperation, especially in maritime domain awareness and technology co-development, aligns with India’s goal of building domestic defence capabilities. The SIDM-AIAD MoU and policy-level discussions enable joint ventures and tech transfers that bolster ‘Make in India’ in defence. Strengthening naval cooperation also enhances India’s role in the Western Indian Ocean amid Red Sea tensions.
What happened?
At the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) Round-IX and Special Discovered Small Field (DSF) Signing Ceremony, Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri announced the awarding of 28 exploration blocks and 2 DSF blocks covering 1.36 lakh sq. km—76% of which was opened since 2014. The government also launched OALP Round-X with 25 blocks and DSF Round-IV with 258.59 MMTOE reserves. The amended Oilfields Act came into effect, and a Joint Working Group report was released to address investor concerns.
Why it matters to India
With 88% crude oil and 50% gas import dependence, expanding domestic exploration is vital for energy security. The dramatic reduction of “No-Go” zones and the opening of 76% of current E&P areas since 2014 signal a policy shift toward faster approvals, transparency, and data-driven exploration. These reforms position India as a key future energy consumer while ensuring long-term sustainability, regulatory clarity, and investor confidence in the hydrocarbon sector.
What happened?
The sixth edition of the India-Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise, DUSTLIK-VI, commenced on 16 April 2025 at the Foreign Training Node, Aundh, Pune. Scheduled till 28 April, the exercise involves 60 Indian Army and Air Force personnel—mainly from the JAT Regiment—alongside the Uzbekistan Army. Focused on multi-domain sub-conventional operations in semi-urban terrain, the exercise simulates terrorist threats, heliborne insertions, drone warfare, and the establishment of a Joint Operations Centre.
Why it matters to India
DUSTLIK-VI reinforces India’s defence cooperation with Central Asia, especially in counterterrorism and hybrid warfare preparedness. Strengthening inter-operability with Uzbekistan boosts regional security coordination and showcases India’s operational capabilities in complex terrain. It also advances New Delhi’s outreach in Central Asia, a key pillar under India’s “Connect Central Asia” policy, while enhancing strategic ties through sustained military diplomacy.
April 15, 2025
- → US Targets Pharma and Semiconductor Imports in New Tariff Drive
- → Indian agriculture Minister Chouhan to Attend BRICS Meet in Brazil
- → India Celebrates ‘Father of Constitution’ Ambedkar at United Nations
- → India, US Move Closer to Trade Deal, amid Tariff Tensions
What happened?
The Trump administration has launched Section 232 investigations into U.S. imports of pharmaceuticals and semiconductors, citing national security concerns. The probes, initiated on April 1, begin a 21-day public comment period and could lead to 10–25% tariffs. While smartphones and computers have been temporarily excluded, President Trump confirmed tariffs on chips will be announced next week. The move follows earlier tariffs on steel, aluminium, and autos, escalating trade tensions and impacting U.S. markets and economic forecasts.
Why it matters to India
India’s pharmaceutical and IT sectors could face indirect fallout if U.S. tariffs tighten global supply chains or trigger retaliatory trade measures. India exports both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and finished formulations to the U.S., and any shift in U.S. policy toward reshoring drug manufacturing could disrupt Indian pharma’s market access. Similarly, a redrawn global chip trade map could complicate India’s ambitions to emerge as a semiconductor hub amid ongoing efforts to attract chipmakers under the country’s PLI schemes.
What happened?
Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan will lead the Indian delegation at the 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting in Brasilia, Brazil, on April 18. The meeting, themed “Promoting Inclusive and Sustainable Agriculture,” will include BRICS nations and new partner countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Indonesia. Chouhan will also hold bilateral meetings with Brazilian ministers and engage with agribusiness leaders to boost cooperation in agriculture, agri-tech, and rural development.
Why it matters to India
India’s participation underlines its commitment to multilateral cooperation on food security and sustainable agriculture. Chouhan’s bilateral talks aim to deepen India-Brazil agri-tech partnerships and attract investment into India’s agricultural value chain. Engagements with the diaspora and initiatives like “Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam” highlight India’s strategic use of soft power and environmental diplomacy. As BRICS expands its agricultural agenda, India positions itself as a key voice for inclusive and equitable rural development.
What happened?
India’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations commemorated the 135th birth anniversary of Dr B.R. Ambedkar at the UN headquarters in New York. The event was attended by global leaders and focused on the theme, “The timeless appeal of Dr Ambedkar’s vision within the UN and beyond.” India’s Permanent Representative, Parvathaneni Harish, highlighted Ambedkar’s role in India’s freedom movement and as the architect of its Constitution.
Why it matters to India
The event spotlighted Dr Ambedkar’s global intellectual legacy and his vision of democracy, equality, and fraternity. His Columbia University education and rational policy approach were underscored as inspirations for inclusive global governance. This commemoration strengthens India’s soft power by aligning Ambedkar’s ideals with the UN’s mission, projecting India as a champion of social justice and democratic values on the global stage.
What happened?
India and the United States have finalized the terms of reference for the first phase of a bilateral trade agreement, aiming for completion by the end of 2025. The move is part of a broader ambition to expand trade to $500 billion by 2030. The agreement will include liberalisation of both tariff and non-tariff barriers. India’s trade secretary expressed optimism about achieving a “good” deal, while highlighting the steady progress being made in the negotiations.
Why it matters to India
A structured trade deal with the US could unlock new market access, enhance technology exchange, and attract investment, bolstering India’s export competitiveness. However, India maintains a firm stance on protecting domestic interests. Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal emphasized that India does not “negotiate at gunpoint,” reinforcing New Delhi’s commitment to fair and sovereign-centered trade outcomes. This cautious but constructive approach comes as the US selectively adjusts tariffs globally, suspending hikes for partners like India while raising them for China.
April 14, 2025
- → Government Releases India’s International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum
- → DRDO Tests ‘Star Wars’ Laser Weapon
- → EAM Jaishankar and Omani Foreign Minister Discuss Regional Issues
- → India, Nepal to Boost Border Infrastructure to Curb Smuggling
What happened?
The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India released the first edition of India’s International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum. The report, unveiled by PSA Ajay Kumar Sood on World Quantum Day 2025, aims to articulate India’s outward-facing strategy in Quantum Science, Technology and Innovation (QSTI) to accelerate discovery, foster innovation, and catalyse adoption across critical sectors. The strategy report provides a foundational landscape analysis for domestic and foreign stakeholders in government, academia, and industry, aligning with India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM). Professor Sood emphasised the importance of Quantum Technology for strategic autonomy, the need for India to invest in Quantum hardware, reduce import dependencies, increase funding for startups, and actively participate in defining global standards for Quantum Tech. The NQM, efficiently rolled out by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), looks at the complete life cycle of this frontier technology, involving 152 researchers from 43 institutions across 17 states and 2 Union Territories.
Why it matters to India
The release of the International Technology Engagement Strategy for Quantum highlights India’s focus on advancing in Quantum Science, Technology and Innovation (QSTI) to achieve strategic autonomy and economic growth. By investing in Quantum hardware, reducing import dependencies, and creating a supportive ecosystem for startups, India aims to become a key player in the global Quantum Tech landscape. Actively participating in defining global standards for Quantum Tech will ensure that India’s interests are protected and that it can effectively compete in the global market. The National Quantum Mission (NQM) and the hub-and-spoke model being implemented demonstrate India’s commitment to developing a comprehensive Quantum ecosystem, fostering innovation, and strengthening international partnerships.
What happened?
India successfully conducted its first trial of a high-powered laser weapon, MK-II(A), developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), at the National Open Air Range in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The laser-based Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) system shot down a drone by tracking it mid-flight and deploying a high-energy laser beam. The MK-II(A) system, created by DRDO’s Centre for High Energy Systems and Sciences (CHESS) with support from other DRDO labs, academic institutions, and private industry partners, demonstrated its capability to neutralise aerial targets. During the test, the laser system engaged long-range fixed-wing drones, disrupted coordinated drone attacks, and disabled enemy surveillance devices.
Why it matters to India
The successful testing of the laser weapon places India among the few nations with advanced Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) systems, enhancing its defence capabilities. This indigenous development reduces India’s dependence on costly ammunition and provides a cost-effective solution to counter drone swarms, an increasing threat in modern warfare. The development of ‘Star Wars’ capabilities, as emphasised by DRDO Chairman Samir V Kamat, signifies India’s commitment to advancing its military technology and achieving strategic autonomy.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) Jaishankar held a telephonic conversation with the Foreign Minister of Oman, Badr Albusaidi, to discuss recent regional developments. This conversation followed a bilateral meeting between the two in February, where they reviewed India-Oman relations. The teleconference took place after Al Jazeera reported that the United States and Iran had concluded indirect negotiations in Muscat, Oman, mediated by Omani Foreign Minister Badr bin Hamad al-Busaidi. During the February meeting, EAM Jaishankar conveyed his appreciation to Oman for hosting the Indian Ocean Conference and for their support in strengthening India-Oman ties. They also launched a logo celebrating 70 years of diplomatic relations between India and Oman, and EAM Jaishankar launched the book, ‘Mandvi to Muscat: Indian Community and the Shared History of India and Oman’, highlighting the historical ties between the two nations.
Why it matters to India
The discussions with Oman are important for India to stay engaged with and informed about key regional developments, particularly those involving the US and Iran. Oman’s role as a mediator in regional talks and its strong relationship with India provide India with valuable insights and diplomatic opportunities. Strengthening ties with Oman, as highlighted by the 70th-anniversary celebrations and the book launch, aligns with India’s strategic interest in enhancing its influence and partnerships in the Gulf region.
What happened?
Custom authorities of India and Nepal agreed to enhance trade and customs operations to counter cross-border criminal activities and smuggling. The discussions, held in Kathmandu from April 10-11, during the 21st Director-General Level Talks on Customs Cooperation, included upgrading border infrastructure and automating transit processes. Both sides acknowledged smuggling as a common challenge and agreed to take necessary measures to control unauthorised trade, including sharing intelligence to prevent smuggling of prohibited items like gold, narcotics, fake currency notes, e-cigarettes, and certain varieties of garlic. The meeting also covered reviewing the Memorandum of Understanding on Pre-arrival Exchange of Customs Data, the Electronic Origin Data Exchange System (EODES), finalising the Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement (CMAA), and facilitating transit cargo movement under the Electronic Cargo Tracking System (ECTS).
Why it matters to India
Effective border management with Nepal is crucial for India to combat smuggling and maintain regional security. Upgrading border infrastructure and automating transit processes will enhance the efficiency of trade and customs operations, benefiting India’s economic interests. Nepal is a priority partner for India under its ‘Neighbourhood First’ Policy, and India is Nepal’s largest trade partner, accounting for two-thirds of Nepal’s exports. Strengthening cooperation in customs matters will help India control unauthorised trade, protect its economic interests, and ensure regional stability.
April 12, 2025
- → US Vice President to Visit India; Trade, Tech Talks Likely
- → FDI Freeze on China to Stay, Confirms Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal
- → India, Italy Reaffirm Commitment to Advance India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC)
What happened?
US Vice President JD Vance and National Security Advisor Mike Waltz are expected to visit India between April 21 and 25, coinciding with a 90-day pause on tariffs announced by Donald Trump. Waltz’s trip includes talks on advanced technologies under the newly branded TRUST framework, while Vance’s largely personal visit will involve cultural engagements. A brief meeting with Prime Minister Modi may occur, though Modi will be in Saudi Arabia during part of the visit.
Why it matters to India
This visit signals warming ties under a possible second Trump term. The pause on tariffs offers India an opening to renegotiate trade terms, while discussions under TRUST may revive strategic tech cooperation. A direct channel with senior Trump allies—Waltz and Vance—gives Delhi early influence over evolving US foreign policy. Their presence also showcases India’s growing relevance in American political circles ahead of the 2024 US elections.
What happened?
India will not ease its curbs on Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal confirmed, citing national security and trust issues. Since April 2020, Chinese FDI into India dropped from $1.6 billion to just $20 million. Goyal noted that India welcomes investments aligned with its interests, but won’t reconsider China-specific rules introduced after border clashes in 2020.
Why it matters to India
The statement underscores India’s cautious approach toward China amid ongoing geopolitical and security tensions. With strained ties and concerns about economic coercion, India’s stand reflects a broader strategy of reducing dependency on China while promoting resilient supply chains and trusted partners. It aligns with India’s push for strategic autonomy and stronger bilateral frameworks beyond adversarial regimes.
What happened?
Italy’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, accompanied by Minister Anna Maria Bernini and a high-level delegation, visited India from April 11–12. He held talks with EAM S. Jaishankar, co-chaired the India–Italy Business, Science and Tech Forum, and engaged with Indian ministers and institutions. Key areas discussed included trade, defence, energy, science, education, and mobility. Italy also appointed a Special Envoy for the India Middle East Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC).
Why it matters to India
This visit bolsters the India–Italy strategic partnership under JSAP 2025–29. Discussions advanced collaboration in AI, cybersecurity, digital and renewable tech, and higher education. Over 100 Italian firms explored cooperation in priority sectors. The visit also deepened cultural ties through art exhibitions and MoUs in scientific research. With growing convergence on Indo-Pacific and regional issues, the visit marks a significant push in diversifying bilateral ties.
April 11, 2025
- → India and EU to Remove Trade Barriers for FTA
- → India’s Renewable Energy Capacity Achieves Historic Growth
- → India and Italy Strengthen Cooperation in Science and Technology
- → India to Provide $990,000 Aid to Sierra Leone for Differently Abled Persons
- → India Ready for Urgent Trade Talks with US Amidst Geopolitical Shifts
What happened?
Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal stressed the need for India and the European Union to take concrete steps to remove trade barriers to expedite discussions and finalize the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Speaking at the ‘Italy-India Business, Science and Technology Forum’, Goyal highlighted the importance of addressing the hurdles delaying the agreement to build on the current bilateral trade volume. His remarks followed a meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, where both leaders agreed to speed up efforts to finalize the FTA by the end of the year.
Why it matters to India
The finalization of the FTA with the EU is crucial for India to enhance its trade relations and increase market access. The EU is India’s largest trading partner, and removing trade barriers will boost bilateral trade and investment, providing significant economic benefits. This initiative aligns with India’s strategy to strengthen its trade partnerships and navigate global trade uncertainties, including those arising from US trade policies.
What happened?
India’s renewable energy sector achieved a record annual capacity addition of 29.52 GW in the Financial Year 2024-25, bringing the total installed renewable energy capacity to 220.10 GW as of 31st March 2025. Solar energy contributed the most to this growth, with 23.83 GW added, bringing the total installed solar capacity to 105.65 GW. Wind energy also saw progress, with total installed capacity reaching 50.04 GW.
Why it matters to India
The growth in renewable energy capacity reflects India’s commitment to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity by 2030 and its efforts to meet its ‘Panchamrit’ goals. This expansion enhances India’s energy security, reduces its reliance on fossil fuels, and contributes to its climate change mitigation efforts. The emphasis on solar and wind energy, along with bioenergy and small hydro power, demonstrates India’s diversified approach to clean energy transition and its leadership in the global renewable energy landscape.
What happened?
Italy’s Minister of University and Research, Anna Maria Bernini, met with Union Minister Jitendra Singh to discuss and enhance collaboration in quantum technologies, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology. The meeting resulted in the signing of an MoU of cooperation, building on discussions between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni at the G20 Summit in Brazil, which led to the Joint Strategic Action Plan 2025–2029. The Indo-Italian Executive Programme of Cooperation (EPOC) for 2025–2027 was signed, which includes funding for 10 research mobility proposals and 10 collaborative research initiatives.
Why it matters to India
The collaboration with Italy in science and technology aligns with India’s strategic interests in advancing its capabilities in key areas such as AI, quantum technologies and biotechnology. This partnership enhances India’s innovation ecosystem and fosters scientific exchange, contributing to its goal of becoming a global hub for emerging technologies. The focus on joint initiatives and research programmes will facilitate the development of cutting-edge solutions and strengthen India’s position in the global scientific community.
What happened?
India will provide $990,000 in funding support to Sierra Leone from the India-UN Development Partnership Fund for a project aimed at enabling economic independence for specially abled persons. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is partnering with India on this project, which is a national development priority for Sierra Leone. The project will focus on refurbishing dedicated centers, developing training curricula, adopting technology to enhance mobility and access to social services, and establishing a loan program.
Why it matters to India
This aid to Sierra Leone demonstrates India’s commitment to development in Africa and strengthens its diplomatic relations. By supporting sustainable livelihoods and economic independence for persons with disabilities, India is promoting inclusive development in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. The partnership with the UN Development Programme enhances India’s role in international development and showcases its growing influence in addressing global challenges.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar stated that India is prepared for a high degree of urgency in trade talks with the US, acknowledging the challenging situation due to the Trump administration’s changed approach to global engagement. At the Carnegie Global Technology Summit, Jaishankar highlighted the complexities of India’s trade deals in the current global landscape, influenced by the US-China trade dynamics and China’s rising geopolitical influence. He also pointed out the global geopolitical shifts, including the stressed situation in Europe and the technological advancements of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, and mentioned India’s progress in Digital Public Infrastructure and semiconductor manufacturing.
Why it matters to India
India’s emphasis on trade urgency with the US reflects its strategic adaptation to the changing global order, aiming to secure favorable trade agreements amidst US-China trade tensions and geopolitical uncertainties. The Minister’s focus on technology at the Global Technology Summit underscores India’s ambition to enhance its technological capabilities and leverage them for geopolitical influence. India’s proactive engagement in trade talks and technology underscores its efforts to balance relations with major global powers and advance its economic and strategic interests.
April 10, 2025
- → Apple to reroute iPhone Manufacturing to India Amid U.S.–China Tariff Tensions
- → India’s Exports Hit Record $820 Billion in FY 2024–25 Despite Global Headwinds
- → India and Russia Identify Six New Strategic Projects to Strengthen Investment Cooperation
- → India Hosts Global Technology Summit 2025 to Shape International Tech Policy
- → India and UK Deepen Financial and Climate Cooperation at 13th Economic and Financial Dialogue
- → President Murmu’s State Visit to Slovakia Boosts Bilateral Ties and Economic Cooperation
What happened?
Apple is moving more iPhone production to India in response to rising U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods, The Wall Street Journal reported. The 54% levy on Chinese imports, imposed under President Trump’s new tariff package, has made iPhones significantly costlier to produce in China. India, facing a comparatively lower 26% tariff, is becoming a preferred alternative as Apple seeks a temporary workaround while awaiting a possible U.S. tariff exemption.
Why it matters to India
India stands to gain as Apple reallocates manufacturing to bypass U.S.–China trade tensions. This shift could boost domestic electronics production and signal confidence in India’s supply chain. It also strengthens India’s position in global tech manufacturing, aligns with the ‘Make in India’ initiative, and may attract further high-value investments amid the global trend of diversifying supply chains away from China.
What happened?
India’s total exports of goods and services reached a record $820 billion in the financial year 2024–25, marking a 6% increase from $778 billion in the previous year, according to figures released by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The announcement was made during a review meeting chaired by Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal with Export Promotion Councils and industry bodies to assess the trade outlook.
Despite a challenging global environment—including the Red Sea crisis, the Israel-Hamas conflict’s spillover in the Gulf, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, and sluggish growth in developed economies—India’s exporters posted an all-time high performance. Minister Goyal lauded their resilience and reiterated the government’s commitment to creating a supportive trade environment.
During the meeting, Goyal also briefed the industry on ongoing negotiations with the United States for a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA), which was initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Trump in February 2025. He urged exporters to remain optimistic and assured that the government is working judiciously to finalise a balanced and beneficial trade deal.
Why it matters to India
Achieving record export figures amid multiple geopolitical and economic disruptions demonstrates the increasing competitiveness and diversification of India’s export sector. It signals India’s emergence as a reliable global trade partner with robust manufacturing capabilities and a stable regulatory environment. The surge also underlines the effectiveness of government initiatives like the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and trade facilitation reforms.
The discussions on a US-India Bilateral Trade Agreement reflect a strategic push to deepen economic ties with key partners and secure long-term market access. If finalised, the BTA could unlock new opportunities across sectors such as pharmaceuticals, IT services, textiles, and defence manufacturing. Sustaining export growth will also be vital for India’s broader economic goals, including job creation, attracting FDI, and achieving a $5 trillion economy.
What happened?
On 9 April 2025, India and Russia convened the 8th Session of the Working Group on Priority Investment Projects (IRWG-PIP) in New Delhi under the framework of the India-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Cooperation. The meeting was co-chaired by Amardeep Singh Bhatia, Secretary, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, and Vladimir Ilichev, Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
During the session, both sides signed a protocol outlining six new strategic projects aimed at expanding investment cooperation. These projects are expected to enhance collaboration in key sectors of mutual interest. The Working Group also reviewed progress from the previous session and reaffirmed commitment to strengthening economic linkages.
Alongside the meeting, the 2nd Edition of the India-Russia Investment Forum was held in collaboration with Invest India, the Indian Chamber of Commerce, and Russia’s Ministry of Economic Development. The forum attracted participation from over 80 businesses, including entrepreneurs, financial institutions, and logistics companies from both nations.
Why it matters to India
The inclusion of new strategic projects signals a renewed push to deepen India-Russia economic engagement amid evolving global trade dynamics. Strengthening investment ties with Russia enables India to diversify its economic partnerships and foster collaboration in priority sectors, potentially including energy, infrastructure, logistics, and manufacturing.
The participation of Indian and Russian industry representatives reflects growing private sector interest in bilateral opportunities. Forums like IRWG-PIP and the Investment Forum also complement India’s broader efforts to attract FDI and enhance industrial partnerships under the ‘Make in India’ and infrastructure development agendas. Amid geopolitical shifts, sustained economic cooperation with Russia also supports India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy and balanced global relations.
What happened?
The 9th edition of the Global Technology Summit (GTS) is being held in New Delhi from 10 to 12 April 2025. Co-hosted by the Ministry of External Affairs and Carnegie India, the Summit is India’s flagship platform for geo-technology dialogue. This year’s theme, “Sambhavna”—meaning possibilities—focuses on how emerging technologies can enable inclusive growth, strengthen digital governance, and foster international collaboration.
The event brings together more than 150 speakers from over 40 countries, including strategic partners such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Australia. Over 40 public sessions will address critical areas like AI governance, data protection, cybersecurity, digital public infrastructure, and space security. Dr. S. Jaishankar, External Affairs Minister, is scheduled to deliver the inaugural address. The Summit will also feature youth engagement through the GTS Young Ambassadors programme, inviting participation from students and early-career professionals across India.
Why it matters to India
The Global Technology Summit underscores India’s leadership in shaping the global technology discourse at a time of growing geopolitical and digital interdependence. By convening policymakers, industry experts, and thought leaders, India is positioning itself as a norm-setter in emerging technology governance. Themes such as responsible AI, cybersecurity, and cross-border data flows have direct implications for India’s digital economy and strategic autonomy.
The Summit also reflects India’s push to build tech partnerships across the Global South and deepen ties with like-minded democracies. With initiatives like Digital Public Infrastructure gaining global recognition, GTS-2025 provides a platform for India to export its models, foster innovation diplomacy, and expand its influence in the global tech architecture.
What happened?
On 9 April 2025, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and UK Chancellor Rachel Reeves met in London for the 13th India-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue. The dialogue covered a wide range of economic engagements, with both sides reaffirming commitment to a comprehensive partnership built on mutual growth and financial stability. Key developments included progress on negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement and a Bilateral Investment Treaty, the strengthening of financial services trade, and enhanced regulatory cooperation through an Exchange of Letters between India’s IFSCA and the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority.
The two sides also endorsed greater collaboration in fintech, capital markets, pensions, and insurance. India’s move to allow overseas listings from GIFT City and the UK’s support for rupee-denominated Masala Bonds were highlighted. Further, both countries celebrated growing ties in green finance, with new initiatives under the Green Growth Equity Fund, and welcomed investments in clean energy projects by British International Investment.
Why it matters to India
The dialogue reflects India’s growing economic stature and its deepening engagement with global financial centres like London. Strengthening financial services trade and regulatory cooperation can enhance capital flows, support financial innovation, and boost access for Indian firms to global markets. Provisions to allow Indian companies to list in international jurisdictions, especially from GIFT City, and UK interest in Indian bonds and insurance reforms signal a maturing financial relationship.
The agreements in climate finance and infrastructure funding also position India to attract more green capital, supporting its net-zero ambitions. With collaboration on issues like fintech regulation, sustainable finance, and cross-border payment systems, the dialogue reinforces India’s strategy of integrating with global economic standards while promoting its own financial hubs and innovation ecosystems. Overall, it underscores India’s strategic use of bilateral dialogues to unlock investment and advance long-term development goals.
What happened?
On 9 April 2025, President Droupadi Murmu concluded the Slovakia leg of her State Visit to Portugal and the Slovak Republic—the first by an Indian President in 29 years. In Bratislava, she held high-level meetings with President Peter Pellegrini, Prime Minister Robert Fico, and Speaker of the National Council Richard Raši. Two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were exchanged—one between India’s National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and the Slovak Business Agency for MSME cooperation, and another between India’s Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Service (SSIFS) and Slovakia’s Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs for diplomatic training.
During delegation-level talks, the leaders committed to expanding collaboration in trade, defence, technology, nuclear energy, space, and culture. President Murmu also highlighted the potential for joint film production and invited Slovakia to participate in the upcoming WAVE Summit in Mumbai. She will also inaugurate the India-Slovak Business Forum and visit the Tata Jaguar Land Rover plant in Nitra.
Why it matters to India
The visit reinforces India’s diplomatic outreach to Central and Eastern Europe, a region of growing importance for diversifying economic and strategic partnerships. Slovakia’s support during India’s Ukraine evacuation highlighted shared humanitarian values, and the new MoUs are set to expand India’s global MSME and diplomatic engagement. As Slovakia positions itself as a hub for European industry and innovation, India stands to benefit from enhanced cooperation in manufacturing, defence, and creative industries. The engagement also reflects India’s focus on expanding its diplomatic footprint and deepening people-to-people ties with smaller EU nations.
April 9, 2025
- → India Launches Unified Curriculum in Himalayan Buddhist Monasteries to Counter Chinese Influence
- → India Ends Trans-shipment Facility for Bangladesh’s Third-Country Exports
- → India, EU Explore Phased Free Trade Deal to Navigate Global Trade Shifts
- → India Approves ₹63,000 Crore Deal for 26 Rafale Marine Jets for Navy
- → 26/11 Mumbai Attack Accused Tahawwur Rana Extradited to India
- → EAM Jaishankar Outlines India’s Strategy Amid U.S. Tariffs
What happened?
India is set to implement its first standardised school curriculum in Himalayan Buddhist monasteries this month, marking a strategic push to integrate modern education with religious learning and reinforce national identity in border regions. The initiative, led by the Ministry of Education through the National Institute of Open Schooling, aims to unify and certify the education of thousands of students across approximately 600 monasteries in states such as Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Jammu and Kashmir.
The curriculum blends Buddhist philosophy with academic subjects like mathematics, science, computer literacy, and languages including English, Hindi, and Bhoti. It also includes Indian history and India’s role in Tibet’s freedom struggle. So far, 20 monasteries along the 3,000-km India-China border have agreed to adopt the syllabus, with a phased rollout planned for the rest.
This effort follows a five-year assessment of existing educational standards in monastery schools. The government plans to support implementation by funding teacher recruitment, offering monk stipends, and introducing regular examinations.
Why it matters to India
The move is part of a broader strategy to insulate religious education from Chinese influence, particularly in sensitive border areas. India has long hosted Tibetan refugees and spiritual institutions since the Dalai Lama’s exile in 1959, but rising geopolitical tensions with China have pushed New Delhi to more actively assert its cultural and educational influence in the Himalayan belt.
By standardising monastic education, India aims to ensure that students in remote monasteries receive recognised academic credentials while fostering a sense of Indian identity. The integration of modern subjects with Buddhist traditions seeks to balance cultural preservation with national interests.
The initiative also reflects a shift toward tighter regulation of religious education across faiths, as seen in earlier reforms affecting Islamic schools. With China continuing to claim parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other Himalayan territories, India’s educational outreach is emerging as a form of soft power aimed at strengthening loyalty and resilience in its frontier regions.
What happened?
On 8 April 2025, the Indian government revoked a trans-shipment facility that allowed Bangladesh to export goods to third countries—such as Bhutan, Nepal, and Myanmar—via Indian land customs stations en route to Indian ports and airports. The facility, granted in June 2020, was withdrawn through a circular issued by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs.
Indian apparel exporters had long demanded the withdrawal, citing congestion at air cargo terminals, increased freight costs, and reduced cargo space at key hubs like Delhi’s IGI Airport. The decision follows growing concerns from Indian exporters about competitiveness, especially in the textile sector where Bangladesh is a major rival.
Why it matters to India
The move is expected to boost Indian export sectors like garments, footwear, and gems by easing logistical bottlenecks and improving access to air freight capacity. However, it may strain Bangladesh’s export logistics and impact landlocked countries like Nepal and Bhutan that relied on the route.
Trade experts warn the decision could challenge regional trade dynamics and test compliance with WTO transit obligations, which require member states to facilitate unhindered trade for landlocked nations.
What happened?
India and the European Union (EU) are considering a phased approach to finalise their long-pending Free Trade Agreement (FTA), aiming to conclude it by the end of 2025. The strategy would allow both sides to first settle less contentious issues, while deferring complex matters such as tariffs on automobiles, alcohol, and intellectual property rights.
This development follows a 28 February 2025 meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, where they reaffirmed commitment to the deal. The 10th round of FTA talks was held in Brussels last month, with the next round scheduled for May in India.
Why it matters to India
A phased FTA could accelerate progress on a pact that has been in negotiation for over a decade, helping both sides respond to rising global protectionism, particularly from the U.S. The EU is India’s largest goods trading partner, with bilateral trade valued at over USD 137 billion in 2023–24.
Stronger India-EU trade ties would boost export competitiveness, attract investments, and support India’s goal of diversifying its global trade partnerships. It also complements India’s recent deal with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which promises USD 100 billion in investments and lower tariffs on key European exports.
What happened?
On 8 April 2025, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved a landmark ₹63,000 crore (approximately USD 7.5 billion) deal for the acquisition of 26 Rafale Marine fighter jets from France for the Indian Navy. The purchase, executed through a government-to-government agreement, includes 22 single-seater and four twin-seater carrier-borne aircraft, along with maintenance support, training, and offset commitments to promote domestic defence manufacturing.
Why it matters to India
This acquisition marks India’s biggest naval aviation procurement and a major boost to maritime air power, significantly enhancing India’s ability to project strength in the Indo-Pacific. The Rafale M’s advanced capabilities—including air-to-air combat, ground attack, and carrier compatibility—will improve India’s readiness in high-stakes maritime environments, especially amid growing regional tensions.
The inclusion of technology transfer and offset clauses aligns with India’s ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India) vision by encouraging indigenous defence production. Additionally, it deepens India-France defence cooperation and reflects India’s strategic prioritisation of naval modernisation as it prepares for future security challenges in the Indian Ocean region.
What happened?
Tahawwur Hussain Rana, a Canadian citizen of Pakistani origin accused of involvement in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, has been extradited from the United States to India. This follows the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent rejection of his plea to block the extradition. Indian officials traveled to the U.S. to take custody of Rana, who is now en route to India aboard a special flight.
Why it matters to India
Rana’s extradition is a significant milestone in India’s pursuit of justice for the 26/11 attacks, which claimed over 170 lives. His return to India is expected to provide crucial insights into the planning and execution of the attacks, potentially aiding in the prosecution of other individuals involved. This development also underscores the strengthening of Indo-U.S. cooperation in counterterrorism efforts, reflecting a shared commitment to combating global terrorism.
What happened?
On 9 April 2025, during the News18 Rising Bharat Summit in New Delhi, India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar discussed the recent tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump on Indian imports. Jaishankar emphasised India’s commitment to engaging constructively with the U.S. to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement by autumn 2025. He highlighted that India is among the few countries to have reached such an understanding with the U.S. since President Trump’s second term began.
Why it matters to India
India’s approach to addressing the U.S. tariffs through negotiation rather than retaliation reflects a strategic decision to strengthen economic ties with a key trading partner. By seeking a comprehensive trade agreement, India aims to mitigate the adverse effects of tariffs, enhance market access for its exports, and attract foreign investment. This strategy underscores India’s commitment to resolving trade disputes amicably and could serve as a model for similar negotiations with other nations, reinforcing India’s position in global trade dynamics.
April 8, 2025
- → India, US Reaffirm Commitment to Conclude Trade Pact Soon
- → New Nuclear Submarine Hub Coming Up in Andhra Pradesh by 2026
- → India to release military space doctrine within three months: CDS
What happened?
India and the United States reaffirmed their commitment to an “early conclusion” of the long-discussed Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA), amid rising global trade tensions. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio discussed trade and regional affairs over a phone call—marking the first cabinet-level contact since President Trump imposed a 27% tariff on Indian goods as part of a broader protectionist push on “Liberation Day.”
Why it matters to India
The BTA could shield Indian exports from steep US tariffs, ensuring continued market access and trade stability. Amid Trump’s aggressive tariff regime, India’s measured response—unlike China’s retaliatory duties signals diplomatic restraint. An early deal could preserve India’s export competitiveness and secure key sectors like pharmaceuticals, IT, and agriculture. It also reflects growing Indo-US economic alignment, even as other nations, including Vietnam and Japan, scramble to negotiate tariff relief.
What happened?
India is set to operationalise a nuclear submarine and warship base near Rambilli village, Andhra Pradesh, by 2026. Part of Project Varsha, the base includes underground pens and tunnels to discreetly host nuclear submarines. Located 50 km from Visakhapatnam’s Eastern Naval Command, its first phase is nearly complete and will be expanded in stages. The site’s sea depth allows undetected submarine movement, enabling stealth operations akin to China’s Hainan base.
Why it matters to India
The Rambilli base will significantly enhance India’s second-strike nuclear capability in the Bay of Bengal. With INS Aridhaman—India’s third SSBN—slated for 2025 commissioning, and plans for six SSNs underway, the base ensures long-term strategic deterrence. Coupled with Project Seabird’s Karwar base on the west coast, it strengthens India’s maritime posture on both fronts. These developments mark a decisive step in India’s goal of credible minimum nuclear deterrence and blue-water naval power.
What happened?
India is finalizing its first-ever military space doctrine, expected within two to three months, Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan announced at the Indian DefSpace Symposium. He also revealed that a national military space policy is underway. The doctrine is being developed by the Defence Space Agency to institutionalize India’s approach to space as a warfare domain. The CDS emphasized space reforms and plans for a 52-satellite constellation for defence use.
Why it matters to India
A dedicated space doctrine will formalize India’s strategic orientation toward space as a combat and surveillance frontier. With rising militarization of space globally, especially by China and the US, India’s proactive approach enhances deterrence and preparedness. The Defence Space Agency’s focus on integrated satellite grids and partnerships with ISRO and private players reflects a shift toward secure, indigenous space capabilities critical for national defence and real-time surveillance across domains.
April 7, 2025
- → India, Sri Lanka Sign Agreements on Energy, Defence, and Digital Cooperation
- → President Murmu’s Visit Strengthens Ties with Portugal and Slovakia
- → Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman to visit United Kingdom and Austria
- → UAE Crown Prince’s Visit to Deepen Strategic Partnership with India
What happened?
On 5 April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Sri Lanka, where India and Sri Lanka signed 7 agreements and Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) to strengthen bilateral cooperation across critical sectors. Key outcomes included the inauguration of the Sampur solar power project and a temperature-controlled warehousing facility in Dambulla via video link.
India concluded the debt restructuring process with Sri Lanka, aimed at supporting its economic recovery. An MoU on defence cooperation was signed to expand existing military engagement. The two sides also signed agreements on electricity grid interconnection and development of Trincomalee as an energy hub, with participation from the United Arab Emirates.
Further MoUs were signed for cooperation in digital transformation, health and medicine, and socio-economic development in Sri Lanka’s Eastern Province, valued at LKR 2.37 billion. Another key agreement focused on enhancing cooperation in critical minerals.
Why it matters to India:
The visit reaffirmed the strategic partnership between India and Sri Lanka. Cooperation on critical minerals directly supports India’s long-term goals in renewable energy and high-tech manufacturing. Defence cooperation contributes to maritime security and regional stability in the Indian Ocean.
India’s role in developing Trincomalee as an energy hub expands its influence in regional energy supply chains, with support from the UAE enhancing trilateral cooperation. The debt restructuring and socio-economic projects demonstrate India’s commitment to Sri Lanka’s economic recovery, while also strengthening India’s diplomatic and strategic footprint in the neighbourhood.
What happened?
President Droupadi Murmu arrived in Lisbon on 7 April 2025 for a four-day state visit to Portugal and Slovakia. The visit to Portugal, at the invitation of President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, marks the 50th anniversary of India-Portugal diplomatic ties.
From 9 to 10 April, the President will be in Slovakia, invited by President Peter Pellegrini. This is the first visit by an Indian President to Slovakia in 29 years. The agenda includes meetings with top political leadership and discussions on expanding cooperation in trade, technology, and education.
Why it matters to India:
The visit reflects India’s growing engagement with the European Union and aims to deepen bilateral ties with two key EU partners. Portugal and Slovakia offer new avenues for collaboration in clean energy, innovation, and higher education.
The trip enhances India’s diplomatic visibility in Europe, supports diversification of partnerships beyond major economies, and aligns with India’s broader strategy of building resilient international linkages in a multipolar world.
What happened?
India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will visit the United Kingdom and Austria from 8 to 13 April 2025. In London, she will co-chair the 13th India-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) with the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer on 9 April.
The EFD will focus on enhancing cooperation in financial services, fintech, taxation, digital payments (including UPI), and sustainable finance. Sitharaman will also address the India-UK Investor Roundtable and hold meetings with financial institution leaders.
In Austria, she will meet government officials and co-chair a roundtable with Austrian CEOs to promote investment opportunities in India.
Why it matters to India:
The visit strengthens India’s economic and financial engagement with Europe. The EFD provides a platform to promote regulatory alignment, investment flows, and fintech partnerships, which are key to India’s digital economy goals.
Mobilising sustainable climate finance supports India’s commitments under its energy transition roadmap. Engagements in Austria expand investment outreach to Central Europe, advancing India’s position as a global investment destination.
What happened?
At the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, will visit India from 8 to 9 April 2025.
This is his first official visit to India as Crown Prince. He will be accompanied by ministers, officials, and a business delegation. The Crown Prince will meet Prime Minister Modi, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. He will also travel to Mumbai and participate in a business roundtable with Indian and UAE business leaders.
Why it matters to India:
The visit strengthens India’s Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with the UAE. Dubai plays a vital role in India-UAE economic and people-to-people ties, hosting the largest share of the 4.3 million-strong Indian diaspora in the Gulf.
Discussions on trade, investment, and defence will reinforce India’s strategic and commercial linkages with the UAE. The visit also enhances coordination on regional connectivity, logistics, and innovation.
April 4, 2025
- → PM Modi Meets Bangladesh’s Chief Adviser Yunus in Bangkok Amid Strained Ties
- → India, South Korea Strengthen Strategic Ties with New Trade and Defence Push
- → India Unveils Roadmap to Lead Global 6G Race
- → India, Thailand Elevate Ties to Strategic Partnership
What happened?
On 4 April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Bangladesh’s Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus on the sidelines of the BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok. This marked their first meeting since Yunus assumed charge following Sheikh Hasina’s ouster. Modi was joined by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and NSA Ajit Doval. He raised concerns over minority safety in Bangladesh and cautioned against provocative rhetoric, referencing Yunus’s recent claim that India’s Northeast is “landlocked” and Bangladesh is its “only guardian of the ocean.”
Modi reaffirmed India’s commitment to a democratic, stable, and inclusive Bangladesh, highlighting the bilateral relationship’s people-centric nature. He urged strict border control, especially at night, to prevent illegal crossings. Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri later said Modi called for investigation into reported attacks on minorities. Yunus’s earlier remarks during a China visit, suggesting Bangladesh could be an ocean gateway for Northeast India, drew sharp responses from Indian leaders, including Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.
Why it matters to India:
This meeting is critical as India navigates a complex transition in Bangladesh’s leadership amid Dhaka’s increasing proximity to Beijing. Yunus’s comments on Northeast India touch on a sensitive geopolitical nerve, especially regarding the Siliguri Corridor—India’s strategic link to its eastern states. India’s concerns about minority rights, border security, and regional rhetoric reflect broader anxieties over stability in its eastern neighbourhood. Sustaining constructive ties with Bangladesh is essential for India’s Act East Policy and managing China’s growing influence in South Asia.
What happened?
India and South Korea held a joint forum in Seoul to explore enhanced cooperation in trade, investment, advanced manufacturing, and renewable energy. The forum comes amid rising global protectionism, including new US reciprocal tariffs affecting both nations. Officials acknowledged that current cooperation falls short of potential. Meanwhile, South Korea’s Hanwha Aerospace signed a $253.6 million deal with India to supply K9 howitzers by 2030, expanding on a similar 2017 contract. The agreement involves local partner Larsen & Toubro.
Why it matters to India:
Amid trade tensions and global tariff shifts, India is strategically diversifying trade and defence partnerships. Deepening economic ties with South Korea—India’s special strategic partner since 2015—helps boost advanced manufacturing and renewable sectors. The K9 howitzer deal also supports India’s defence modernization and “Make in India” initiative. As both countries seek resilient supply chains and tech-driven cooperation, the forum reflects New Delhi’s intent to forge deeper, sustainable economic and strategic links beyond traditional partners.
What happened?
The Government of India has advanced its Bharat 6G Vision, released in March 2023, aiming to make India a global leader in 6G by 2030. Key initiatives include funding two testbeds—6G THz and Advanced Optical Communication—to promote R&D. It sanctioned 100 5G labs across academic institutions to build a 6G-ready ecosystem. Additionally, 111 research proposals have been approved to develop a robust 6G network aligned with international roadmaps for innovation and connectivity.
The government also established the Bharat 6G Alliance, bringing together industry, academia, and research institutions. India signed MoUs with global 6G alliances to strengthen international collaboration. It hosted the inaugural International 6G Symposium during WTSA 2024 and India Mobile Congress 2024, uniting experts to discuss 6G innovations. Furthermore, India contributed to the ITU’s IMT-2030 framework, ensuring inclusion of ‘ubiquitous connectivity’ and prioritizing capabilities like coverage, interoperability, and sustainability in defining global 6G standards.
Why it matters to India:
India’s aggressive push toward 6G enhances its tech sovereignty, innovation leadership, and digital diplomacy. By investing in academia and R&D, India is nurturing a future-ready talent pipeline and start-up ecosystem. Collaborating globally allows India to shape future telecom standards and align with international technology governance. With 6G expected to transform smart cities, healthcare, and industry, India’s leadership will directly support its digital economy ambitions and improve its competitiveness in emerging global technology landscapes.
What happened?
On 3 April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra in Thailand during the BIMSTEC Summit. Both leaders announced a Joint Declaration upgrading ties to a Strategic Partnership. Six MoUs were signed, covering digital cooperation, maritime heritage at Lothal, MSME collaboration, North East development, and creative economy. PM Modi also highlighted cooperation in defence, maritime security, and fintech, and expressed solidarity with Thailand after a recent earthquake.
Why it matters to India:
This strategic upgrade advances India’s Act East Policy and regional influence in Southeast Asia. Thailand, a key ASEAN economy, enhances India’s connectivity and maritime interests. The digital and MSME MoUs support India’s tech growth and small business sector. The heritage pact boosts India’s cultural diplomacy. Security cooperation and a proposed Strategic Dialogue enhance India’s capacity to address terrorism and transnational threats, while engagement with Thailand opens doors for trade, infrastructure, and strategic depth in the Indo-Pacific.
April 3, 2025
- → Trump’s Tariff Hike Hits Indian Exports, Creates Openings in Key Sectors
- → India, Chile Strengthen Ties in Mining Sector Cooperation
- → India Calls for Stronger Regional Cooperation at BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting
- → India and Japan Hold Seventh Maritime Affairs Dialogue in Tokyo
What happened?
The Trump administration has imposed a 27% tariff on imports from India as part of its new reciprocal trade policy, affecting key sectors such as diamonds, smartphones, solar PV modules, and apparel. While exemptions apply to certain energy products and pharmaceuticals, India’s top pharma exports to the US remain outside the exemption list. Apparel exports, however, may benefit due to higher tariffs imposed on competitors like Vietnam (46%) and Bangladesh (37%). The tariff hike on Vietnam could also help India gain an edge in smartphone and solar module exports. Meanwhile, Indian exports of auto components, steel, and aluminum to the US are expected to face challenges due to previously announced tariffs. Trade experts emphasize the need for a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) with the US to ensure stable market access and predictable tariffs.
Why it matters to India
The tariff shift presents a mixed scenario for India’s export sectors. While challenges arise for traditional strongholds like diamond and steel, the relatively lower tariff rates on Indian apparel and electronics compared to competing nations provide a strategic advantage. This could accelerate India’s positioning in global supply chains, especially in electronics and high-value manufacturing. However, sustaining these gains would require diplomatic efforts to negotiate a BTA and strategic policy shifts to reinforce India’s export resilience. The developments also highlight the evolving nature of US-India trade relations, underscoring the importance of long-term economic diplomacy.
What happened?
India and Chile held a Mining Industry Round Table on 1 April, focusing on strengthening bilateral cooperation in critical minerals, including copper and lithium. Minister of Coal & Mines G. Kishan Reddy led the Indian delegation, which included senior officials and representatives from leading mining and metal companies. Chile’s Minister of Mines Aurora Williams led the Chilean delegation, emphasizing her country’s expertise in copper and lithium production.
The discussions covered potential joint ventures, investment opportunities, and technological collaboration in sustainable mining practices. Both sides also explored avenues for renewing the India-Chile Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Geology and Mineral Resources to create a long-term framework for cooperation.
Why it matters to India
India’s growing demand for critical minerals, driven by its expanding electric vehicle (EV) industry, renewable energy projects, and electronics manufacturing, makes Chile a key partner in securing a steady supply of these essential resources. Strengthening ties with Chile, one of the world’s largest producers of lithium and copper, will enhance India’s resource security and reduce dependency on other suppliers.
The collaboration is expected to facilitate greater trade in minerals, promote investment in value-added mineral processing, and boost India’s efforts in sustainable and responsible mining practices. With India looking to diversify its critical mineral imports, this engagement with Chile aligns with its broader strategy to secure raw materials essential for its economic growth and clean energy transition.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar addressed the 20th BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting in Bangkok, reaffirming India’s commitment to regional cooperation. He highlighted BIMSTEC’s role in strengthening connectivity, trade, and security in the Bay of Bengal region, stressing the need for an ambitious approach amid global uncertainties. India underscored its efforts in enhancing infrastructure links, including the Trilateral Highway, and emphasized the importance of deepening cooperation in energy, digital infrastructure, maritime security, and counterterrorism. He also reaffirmed India’s support for disaster response and food and energy security in the region. The meeting set the stage for the upcoming BIMSTEC Summit.
Why it matters to India
As a leading member of BIMSTEC, India sees the grouping as crucial for regional integration and economic growth, aligning with its Act East policy and Neighbourhood First approach. Strengthening connectivity and security cooperation enhances India’s strategic and economic influence in the Bay of Bengal, facilitating trade and people-to-people exchanges. The focus on counterterrorism, cyber security, and disaster response reinforces India’s role as a key player in shaping the region’s stability. The ministerial meeting sets the groundwork for concrete outcomes at the BIMSTEC Summit, advancing India’s broader regional aspirations.
What happened?
The 7th India-Japan Maritime Affairs Dialogue was held in Tokyo, where officials from both countries discussed strengthening maritime cooperation. The Indian delegation was led by Joint Secretary Muanpuii Saiawi from the Ministry of External Affairs, while Japan’s delegation was headed by Deputy Director-General Kashiwabara Yutaka. The discussions focused on enhancing maritime security, countering illicit maritime activities, and improving domain awareness. Both sides also reviewed ongoing cooperation and explored ways to strengthen regional and international maritime security mechanisms. The next round of the dialogue will be held on a mutually agreed date.
Why it matters to India
Maritime collaboration with Japan reinforces India’s strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific, particularly in ensuring a secure and rules-based maritime environment. Strengthening cooperation in areas such as maritime domain awareness and capability building enhances India’s security preparedness, particularly in countering emerging threats in the region. The dialogue aligns with India’s broader efforts to deepen partnerships with like-minded nations to uphold stability and economic prosperity in the Indo-Pacific.
April 2, 2025
- → President Murmu to Visit Portugal and Slovakia to Bolster Bilateral Ties
- → India, US Begin ‘Tiger Triumph’ Exercise for Disaster Relief Cooperation
- → India, China Exchange Messages on 75th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations
- → Key Outcomes of Chile’s President visit to India
What happened?
President Droupadi Murmu will undertake a State visit to Portugal and Slovakia from 7-10 April 2025, marking key diplomatic engagements in Europe. The visit to Portugal on 7-8 April, at the invitation of President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, is the first by an Indian President in 27 years. It coincides with the 50th anniversary of the re-establishment of diplomatic ties between the two nations. President Murmu will hold delegation-level talks with President Rebelo de Sousa, meet Prime Minister Luis Montenegro, and engage with parliamentary leadership.
On 9-10 April, President Murmu will visit Slovakia, the first such visit in 29 years, at the invitation of President Peter Pellegrini. She will hold bilateral discussions with President Pellegrini and Prime Minister Robert Fico, along with interactions with the Slovak parliamentary leadership. In both countries, she will engage with the Indian diaspora.
Why it matters to India
The visit reinforces India’s diplomatic outreach in Europe, strengthening political, economic, and cultural ties with Portugal and Slovakia. Portugal’s position as a key European partner and its historical ties with India make the visit significant for expanding trade, technology collaboration, and strategic partnerships. Slovakia, an emerging economy in Central Europe, offers opportunities for investment and cooperation in manufacturing, technology, and energy. President Murmu’s engagements with political leadership in both nations will deepen bilateral ties and enhance India’s presence in the region.
What happened?
India and the US commenced the fourth edition of Tiger Triumph, a 13-day tri-service humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) exercise on 2 April 2025. The drill, taking place off India’s Eastern Seaboard, involves naval, army, and air force units from both countries. A joint command centre will be set up in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, alongside medical camps and amphibious operations. The exercise coincides with Operation Brahma, India’s relief mission to Myanmar after the 28 March earthquake.
Why it matters to India
The exercise enhances India’s operational coordination with the US in disaster response, reinforcing its role as a first responder in the Indo-Pacific. By integrating military and humanitarian capabilities, India strengthens strategic ties with the US while showcasing its leadership in regional disaster relief. The exercise also complements India’s ongoing assistance to Myanmar, further solidifying its influence in the Indian Ocean Region.
What happened?
Leaders of India and China exchanged congratulatory messages on the 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties. President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Qiang, President Droupadi Murmu, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the importance of cooperation. Both sides acknowledged recent diplomatic engagements, including meetings on border management and the resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.
Why it matters to India
While relations remain strained due to the Ladakh standoff, the anniversary messages signal a willingness to stabilise ties. Recent talks on border management and trade resumption suggest a cautious reset in relations. China’s acknowledgment of India as a key partner in the Global South aligns with India’s broader diplomatic strategy. However, actual progress will depend on resolving long-standing border issues.
What happened?
President Gabriel Boric of Chile is on a State visit to India from 1-5 April 2025 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The visit marks 76 years of diplomatic relations between the two nations. Key agreements were signed, including a Letter of Intent on Antarctic cooperation, a Cultural Exchange Programme, and MoUs on disaster management and critical minerals. Both leaders launched negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to deepen trade ties. Chile announced a Multiple Entry Permit for Indian businesspersons, and both sides agreed to enhance cooperation in pharmaceuticals, digital technology, and defence.
Why it matters to India
The visit underscores India’s growing trade and strategic engagement with Latin America. The CEPA negotiations aim to boost bilateral trade and investment, while agreements on critical minerals secure India’s supply of key resources for clean energy and technology. Defence cooperation, Antarctic research, and digital transformation partnerships align with India’s broader global outreach and technological aspirations. Chile’s support for India’s permanent UNSC seat bid further strengthens diplomatic ties.
April 1, 2025
- → Chile’s President Discusses Expanding Ties with India
- → India-Japan Hold Space Dialogue in Tokyo
- → Netherlands Foreign Minister Visits India
- → India Aids Myanmar After Earthquake
What happened?
President Gabriel Boric of Chile visited India for discussions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, focusing on expanding bilateral ties, including trade, investment, critical minerals, and sustainable development. In a joint press meeting at Hyderabad House on 1 April 2025, President Boric emphasised the growing potential for expanding bilateral relations between the two nations. Boric highlighted opportunities for enhanced cooperation in trade, investment, and addressing global challenges like climate change and sustainability.
President Boric acknowledged India’s growing role globally and noted that India has become Chile’s seventh-largest trading partner. During the meeting, President Boric and Prime Minister Modi discussed cooperation in commercial relations, investment, and the critical minerals industry, with Boric highlighting the significance of minerals like lithium and copper. Boric also emphasised the shared commitment to technological development and innovation.
Why it matters to India
President Boric’s visit underscores the importance India places on strengthening its ties with Chile. The discussions on trade, investment, and critical minerals align with India’s economic and strategic interests, particularly in securing resources for its growing economy and clean energy ambitions. Enhancing cooperation in technology and innovation can also provide India with valuable partnerships for sustainable development. Strengthening ties with Chile also expands India’s engagement with Latin America, furthering its global outreach.
What happened?
The third India-Japan Space Dialogue was held in Tokyo on 01 April 2025. The Indian delegation was co-led by Ms Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary, Disarmament and International Security Affairs Division, Ministry of External Affairs, and Mr M. Ganesh Pillai, Scientific Secretary, ISRO, Department of Space. The Japanese delegation was co-led by Mr Saita Yukio, Assistant Minister/Ambassador in charge of Space Policy, Foreign Policy Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Mr Kazeki Jun, Director General, National Space Policy Secretariat, Cabinet Office.
The dialogue included ministries and agencies related to outer space, with exchanges of views on their respective space policies and priorities. Discussions were held on national space programmes, bilateral space cooperation, space situational awareness, space security, Quad space cooperation, industry level cooperation and commercial space collaboration. The Indian co-chairs also visited JAXA’s Tsukuba Space Center on 31 March 2025.
The dialogue was preceded by an industry cooperation event organised by IN-SPACe and Japan’s Cabinet Office, with participation from representatives of Japanese and Indian companies and industry associations.
Why it matters to India
This dialogue signifies the importance India places on its space cooperation with Japan. By discussing national space programmes and bilateral cooperation, India aims to strengthen its capabilities and partnerships in space exploration, technology, and security. The focus on Quad space cooperation also aligns with India’s strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region. Furthermore, the emphasis on industry-level and commercial space collaboration can create opportunities for India’s growing space sector, fostering innovation and economic growth.
What happened?
Caspar Veldkamp, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is on his first official visit to India from 31 March to 1 April 2025. This visit aims to strengthen the multifaceted relationship between India and the Netherlands, focusing on expanding cooperation in several areas, including trade, investments, defence, and innovation, according to an official press release by the Ministry of External Affairs.
On 31 March 2025, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held delegation-level talks with Foreign Minister Veldkamp, during which the two leaders discussed the deepening bilateral cooperation. They highlighted the growing exchanges in various sectors, including political, cultural, and people-to-people ties. The leaders also explored new avenues for collaboration, notably in semiconductors, digital technologies, renewable energy, and green hydrogen, alongside traditional focus areas like water, agriculture, health, and security. Veldkamp’s visit is expected to further bolster these areas and open new channels for bilateral cooperation. The discussions also covered global and regional developments of mutual interest, reflecting the strategic partnership between the two countries, stated the press release.
The visit is also significant in the context of ongoing efforts to strengthen the India-Netherlands relationship, which spans over 75 years. Jaishankar expressed his pleasure in meeting Veldkamp, stating, “Delighted to meet FM Caspar Veldkamp of Netherlands this evening. Discussed our growing bilateral cooperation, including in trade, investments, innovation, water, agriculture, health, security, and people-to-people ties.” He added, “Explored new possibilities in semiconductors, green hydrogen, education, and talent flows. Also spoke about global strategic developments and the significance of multipolarity.”
Foreign Minister Veldkamp echoed these sentiments, underlining the importance of strengthening cooperation between India and the Netherlands, particularly in light of today’s complex geopolitical reality. “I look forward to visiting India. I will speak there with Foreign Minister EAM Jaishankar and NSA Ajit Doval, amongst others. Considering today’s geopolitical reality, it is important for both the Netherlands and India to strengthen our cooperation and deepen our relationship,” he wrote on X. The visit further underscores the strong diplomatic ties between the two countries, which were officially established in 1947. It follows a successful 75 years of diplomatic relations, with high-level interactions and continued collaboration in various sectors.
Why it matters to India
The Netherlands Foreign Minister’s visit signifies the importance India places on strengthening its bilateral relationship with the Netherlands. The focus on expanding cooperation in trade, investments, defence, and innovation aligns with India’s strategic priorities for economic growth and development. Exploring new avenues in semiconductors, digital technologies, renewable energy, and green hydrogen reflects India’s interest in collaborating on future-oriented sectors. The discussions on global and regional developments also provide India with a platform to address shared concerns and strengthen its strategic partnerships in a complex geopolitical environment.
What happened?
India is providing aid to Myanmar following a 7.7 magnitude earthquake. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar announced that Indian Naval Ship INS Ghariyal departed with 442 metric tonnes of food, and an Indian Army field hospital unit is operational in Mandalay. The Indian Air Force also sent 16 tonnes of aid. The army field hospital has 200 beds. The earthquake caused over 2,000 deaths and 3,900 injuries in Myanmar.
Why it matters to India
India’s aid demonstrates its commitment to assisting Myanmar and strengthens regional ties during a crisis.
March 31, 2025
- → Indian Air Force to Participate in Exercise INIOCHOS-25
- → Indian Government to Establish Second National Gene Bank
- → Indian Navy Launches Operation Brahma for Myanmar Relief
- → Indian Foreign Secretary Meets US Deputy Secretary of State
What happened?
The Indian Air Force (IAF) will participate in Exercise INIOCHOS-25, a multi-national air exercise hosted by the Hellenic Air Force. The exercise will take place at Andravida Air Base, Greece, from 31 March 2025 to 11 April 2025. The IAF contingent will include Su-30 MKI fighters along with combat enabler IL-78 and C-17 aircraft. INIOCHOS is a biennial multinational air exercise that provides a platform for air forces to enhance skills, exchange tactical knowledge, and strengthen military ties. The exercise will integrate multiple air and surface assets from 15 countries under realistic combat scenarios.
Why it matters to India
IAF’s participation in Exercise INIOCHOS-25 demonstrates India’s commitment to international cooperation and enhancing its operational capabilities. The exercise provides an opportunity to train in combined air operations, refine tactics in complex air warfare scenarios, and gain insights into operational best practices. This engagement strengthens India’s strategic partnerships and bolsters its capabilities in joint operations with friendly nations, contributing to its defence preparedness.
What happened?
The central government has announced the establishment of the second National Gene Bank (NGB) to ensure long-term food and nutritional security. This initiative, under the “Investing in Innovations” theme of the Union Budget 2025-26, aims to conserve 10 lakh crop germplasm. Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Bhagirath Choudhary, shared this information in a written response to the Rajya Sabha on Friday. The first National Gene Bank, at the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) in New Delhi, is the second-largest gene bank in the world, holding 4,71,561 accessions from 2,157 species. These plant genetic resources are crucial for crop improvement and genetic resource management. The new Gene Bank will feature state-of-the-art infrastructure to expand India’s capacity to conserve a wider variety of plant germplasm.
Why it matters to India
The establishment of the second National Gene Bank is a significant step towards preserving genetic diversity and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This initiative strengthens India’s efforts to ensure food security and nutritional self-sufficiency in the face of future challenges. By conserving a wider variety of plant germplasm, India can enhance its agricultural resilience and maintain its position in global biodiversity conservation.
What happened?
Following the earthquake in Myanmar and Thailand on 28 March 2025, the Indian government launched Operation Brahma to provide assistance to Myanmar. The HADR efforts are being carried out under the Ministry of External Affairs’ direction, in conjunction with Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff, Indian Army, Indian Air Force and NDRF. Indian Navy ships Satpura and Savitri from the Eastern Naval Command sailed for Yangon on 29 March 2025 as part of the Indian Navy’s immediate response. Indian Navy Ships Karmuk and LCU 52 from the Andaman and Nicobar Command will also sail for Yangon on 30 March 2025 to assist in the HADR operations. Approximately 52 tons of relief material, including HADR pallets with essential clothing, drinking water, food, medicines, and emergency stores, have been loaded onto these ships.
Why it matters to India
Operation Brahma demonstrates India’s role as a ‘First Responder’ in the region. Providing timely humanitarian assistance to Myanmar reflects India’s commitment to its neighbour and strengthens bilateral relations. This operation also highlights the Indian Navy’s capability to quickly deploy resources for disaster relief, enhancing India’s image as a reliable partner in regional security and stability.
What happened?
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri spoke with US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau on 28 March 2025. The Foreign Secretary Mistri, congratulated Deputy Secretary Landau on his recent confirmation by the US Senate. The discussion highlighted the deepening convergence of India-US strategic interests and the significance of the India-US Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership. They also discussed growing bilateral trade, defence and technology cooperation, and issues relating to mobility and migration. Both sides agreed to remain engaged on matters of mutual concern. Foreign Secretary Misri invited Deputy Secretary Landau to visit India.
Why it matters to India:
This meeting underscores the importance India places on its strategic relationship with the US. The discussions on trade, defence, and technology cooperation indicate India’s focus on strengthening key pillars of this partnership to advance its economic and security interests. The engagement also provides a platform for India to address issues related to mobility and migration, which are important for people-to-people ties and professional exchanges.
March 28, 2025
- → India reaffirms focus on BIMSTEC disaster management cooperation after earthquakes
- → PM Modi to Visit Thailand and Sri Lanka for BIMSTEC Summit and Bilateral Talks
What happened?
India reaffirmed its commitment to regional cooperation in disaster management following the devastating earthquakes that struck Myanmar and Thailand. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) highlighted the BIMSTEC region’s vulnerability to natural disasters, underscoring the importance of collaboration in disaster preparedness and relief efforts.
Why it matters to India
India sees the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) as a key platform for regional disaster management cooperation. With the region frequently facing cyclones, tsunamis, and earthquakes, India prioritises joint Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercises to strengthen response mechanisms.
India’s proactive role is evident in its swift response to the 7.7-magnitude earthquake, showcasing its commitment to being the first responder in the neighbourhood during natural disasters.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit Thailand and Sri Lanka from April 3 to 6 at the invitation of their respective leaders. During the visit, he will participate in the 6th BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok on April 4, engaging with regional leaders to enhance cooperation under the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). This will be the first in-person BIMSTEC summit since the 4th Summit in Kathmandu in 2018. The event will focus on security, trade, connectivity, food security, and capacity building under the theme “BIMSTEC – Prosperous, Resilient, and Open.”
On April 3, PM Modi is set to hold bilateral discussions with Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, reviewing bilateral relations and exploring opportunities for enhanced cooperation.
Following the BIMSTEC Summit, PM Modi will visit Sri Lanka from April 4 to 6, meeting with President Anura Kumara Dissanayaka. Both leaders will assess progress on key initiatives under the “Joint Vision for Fostering Partnerships for a Shared Future.” PM Modi will also visit Anuradhapura to inaugurate several development projects financed by India.
Why it matters to India
India sees BIMSTEC as a crucial regional platform to strengthen economic and security cooperation with South and Southeast Asian nations. The summit provides an opportunity for India to reinforce its leadership in regional connectivity, trade, and security frameworks. Strengthening ties with Thailand and Sri Lanka is key to India’s Act East and Neighbourhood First policies, ensuring deeper economic integration and strategic collaboration. PM Modi’s visit will also help enhance historical and cultural ties, while advancing India’s role as a key development partner in the region.
March 27, 2025
- → DRDO, Indian Navy Successfully Test Indigenous VLSRSAM
- → PM Modi Calls for ‘Mutual Sensitivity’ in India-Bangladesh Ties
- → Official consultation between Foreign Ministries of India and China
- → MoD Engages with MSMEs and Start-ups to Boost Defence Innovation
- → COAS Stresses Jointness and Technological Integration Among Armed Forces
- → India-Uganda Trade Ties Strengthen at Joint Trade Committee Meet
What happened?
The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully flight-tested the indigenously-developed Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VLSRSAM) on 26 March 2025 at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. The missile, launched from a land-based vertical launcher, destroyed a high-speed aerial target at close range and low altitude, demonstrating its agility and precision. The test validated the missile’s Near-Boundary-Low Altitude capability. The system’s performance, including its indigenous Radio Frequency seeker, Multi-Function Radar, and Weapon Control System, was confirmed through flight data from range instruments. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh praised the test, highlighting the missile’s potential as a force multiplier for the Indian Navy.
Why it matters to India
The successful VLSRSAM test significantly boosts India’s indigenous defence capabilities, enhancing the Indian Navy’s combat preparedness against aerial threats. The missile’s precision and low-altitude interception capabilities are particularly critical for maritime operations, providing enhanced protection for naval vessels. The test also underscores India’s growing self-reliance in developing advanced missile systems, reducing dependence on foreign defence technologies. Furthermore, the successful deployment of indigenous components, such as the Radio Frequency seeker and Multi-Function Radar, highlights DRDO’s technological advancements, reinforcing India’s position as a key player in defence innovation.
What happened?
On the occasion of Bangladesh’s National Day on 26 March 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi sent a letter to Muhammad Yunus, Chief Adviser to Bangladesh’s interim government, reaffirming India’s commitment to strengthening bilateral ties. PM Modi highlighted the shared history of the 1971 Liberation War as the foundation of the partnership and stressed the importance of ‘mutual sensitivity’ in the relationship. President Droupadi Murmu also extended greetings to her Bangladeshi counterpart, Mohammed Shahabuddin, expressing India’s support for a democratic and progressive Bangladesh. The message comes amid strained ties following the ousting of Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League government and the formation of the interim administration led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.
Why it matters to India
India’s outreach to Bangladesh amid political uncertainty underscores its strategic interest in ensuring stability in the neighbourhood. With reports of attacks on minorities in Bangladesh, New Delhi has expressed concern over the situation, viewing the safety of minorities as a regional security issue. The emphasis on ‘mutual sensitivity’ reflects India’s bid to maintain influence and protect its strategic interests, including connectivity initiatives, trade relations, and cross-border security cooperation. As Bangladesh remains a key partner in India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy, fostering diplomatic ties with the interim government is crucial for regional stability and protecting India’s economic and security interests.
What happened?
India and China agreed to gradually resume dialogue mechanisms, focusing on each other’s priority areas of interest and concern, during a meeting in Beijing on 26 March 2025. Gourangalal Das, Joint Secretary (East Asia) at India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), held talks with Liu Jinsong, Director General of the Department of Asian Affairs at China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Both sides reviewed the progress made since the October 2024 meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping in Kazan. They discussed measures to stabilise relations, including enhancing people-to-people exchanges, resuming direct flights, and increasing media and think tank collaboration. The two sides also made headway towards restarting the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra pilgrimage in 2025.
Why it matters to India
The step-by-step resumption of dialogue is significant for India, as it aims to stabilise strained ties with China amid ongoing border tensions. The discussions on enhancing people-to-people exchanges and restoring direct flights indicate a willingness to normalise relations gradually. Progress on the Kailash Manasarovar Yatra is particularly noteworthy, as it holds religious and cultural significance for Indian pilgrims. Additionally, the focus on resuming diplomatic dialogue channels could help address border issues along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), offering a platform for de-escalation and confidence-building measures. Strengthened bilateral cooperation also aligns with India’s broader regional diplomacy efforts.
What happened?
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) held brainstorming sessions with over 50 start-ups and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) on 24–25 March 2025 at South Block in New Delhi. The sessions, chaired by Secretary (Defence Production) Sanjeev Kumar, focused on identifying challenges, exploring opportunities, and supporting defence innovation. The participating ventures, many of which are linked to the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative, showcased their work in emerging technology domains such as space technologies, quantum computing, electronic warfare, drones, artificial intelligence, radar systems, cyber security, and advanced materials. The MoD stated that the insights gained would help refine policies and encourage deeper participation of start-ups in defence technology development.
Why it matters to India
The MoD’s engagement with MSMEs and start-ups is crucial for accelerating defence innovation and enhancing India’s self-reliance in critical technology sectors. By fostering collaboration with deep-tech ventures, the government aims to drive the development of advanced defence capabilities, reducing dependence on foreign technologies. The focus on emerging technologies such as AI, quantum computing, and electronic warfare has strategic significance, as these fields are vital for modernising India’s military. The initiative also strengthens the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision by promoting domestic defence manufacturing and boosting the innovation ecosystem, offering growth opportunities for MSMEs and start-ups.
What happened?
Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Upendra Dwivedi highlighted the evolving nature of warfare and the need for jointness and synergy among the Indian Armed Forces during his address at the Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) in Wellington. Speaking to student officers undergoing the 80th Staff Course and the permanent staff, he emphasised the importance of professional military education in enhancing operational preparedness and decision-making capabilities. The COAS also called for greater adaptability, technological integration, and proactive responses to emerging security threats. During his visit, he interacted with faculty members on military strategy and leadership development. He also recognised the contributions of veterans from Wellington Military Station with the Veteran Achievers Award.
Why it matters to India
General Dwivedi’s emphasis on jointness and technological integration reflects India’s strategic push towards modernising its defence capabilities. With warfare becoming increasingly technology-driven, enhanced coordination among the tri-services is essential for operational effectiveness. His call for innovation and adaptability underscores the growing need for India’s armed forces to stay ahead of emerging threats, including cyber warfare and hybrid conflicts. The DSSC’s focus on grooming future military leaders through inter-service cooperation is vital for strengthening India’s defence preparedness. The recognition of veterans also highlights the military’s commitment to honouring service contributions, fostering morale and unity within the forces.
What happened?
The Third Session of the India-Uganda Joint Trade Committee (JTC) was held in New Delhi on 25-26 March 2025, marking a key step in strengthening bilateral trade relations after a gap of 23 years. Both sides agreed to explore Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) in key sectors such as public works, agriculture, traditional medicine, and tele-medicine. They identified areas to boost trade, including minerals, coffee, pulses, spices, dairy products, and critical minerals like Rare Earth Elements (REE). The session also discussed forming an India-Uganda Joint Business Forum to foster industry-level engagement. On the sidelines, the Ugandan delegation visited the Noida SEZ to gain insights into India’s industrial and export ecosystem.
Why it matters to India
The revival of the India-Uganda JTC signals a renewed push for economic cooperation with Africa, a region rich in natural resources and growing market potential. By exploring MoUs in healthcare, agriculture, and infrastructure, India aims to expand its economic footprint and strengthen diplomatic ties. The focus on minerals, including REEs, is significant for India’s strategic interests, given the global competition for these critical resources. Enhanced trade in pulses, spices, and dairy products could also benefit Indian exporters, fostering deeper economic ties. The proposed Joint Business Forum offers a platform to streamline investments and promote private sector collaboration, boosting trade volumes and creating new opportunities for Indian businesses.
March 26, 2025
- → 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue Concludes in Brasília
- → Panel Calls for Urgent Action on Geopolitics-Induced Shipping Challenges
- → India, US to Focus on Increasing Market Access and Reducing Tariffs
- → India, China Review Border Situation, Agree on Cross-Border Cooperation
- → India’s GDP Doubles to USD 4.2 Trillion Over the Last Decade: IMF
What happened?
On March 25, 2025, the 10th BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue concluded in Brasília, Brazil. The two-day event, held from March 24-25, brought together policy planners from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, alongside representatives from the recently expanded BRICS membership. The dialogue focused on pressing global geopolitical challenges, bloc expansion, and regional developments.
The Indian delegation was led by Raghuram S, Joint Secretary of Policy Planning and Research at the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). The discussions covered global health cooperation, international trade and financial dynamics, climate action, artificial intelligence governance, and reforms to multilateral peace and security frameworks. Brazil, the current BRICS President, hosted the event, reaffirming its leadership in steering the bloc towards addressing contemporary challenges and fostering deeper collaboration among member states.
Why it matters to India
The BRICS Policy Planning Dialogue is crucial for India as it shapes the bloc’s strategic direction and agenda for the upcoming BRICS Summit later this year. With the recent expansion of BRICS, including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, India stands to gain from enhanced trade, investment opportunities, and stronger multilateral cooperation. The emphasis on global health, climate action, and AI governance aligns with India’s priorities, offering a platform to advocate for its interests on the global stage.
What happened?
On March 25, 2025, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture called for immediate attention to address shipping challenges arising from geopolitical disruptions. The committee recommended the establishment of a dedicated Maritime Response Unit to handle contingencies along key shipping routes and proposed a comprehensive digital tracking platform for real-time container monitoring.
The panel also urged the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways to clarify the long-term strategic vision for the disinvestment-bound Shipping Corporation of India (SCI), which has faced delays in the disinvestment process. It called for a structured transition plan to safeguard India’s commercial shipping capabilities. The committee further recommended performance-based funding for the Sagarmala Programme, linking investments to measurable economic growth and employment generation outcomes.
Why it matters to India
Addressing shipping challenges is crucial for India’s trade and economic stability. With rising maritime threats and container shortages affecting Asia-Europe shipments, real-time tracking and a response unit will reduce trade disruptions. The call for a clear strategy on SCI’s disinvestment highlights concerns over India’s maritime competitiveness and the need for a structured transition plan. Enhancing port capacity and linking Sagarmala investments to performance-based outcomes will improve efficiency and drive sustainable growth in India’s maritime sector.
What happened?
On March 25, 2025, Minister of State for Commerce and Industry Jitin Prasada informed the Lok Sabha that India and the United States are working to increase market access, lower import duties, and remove non-tariff barriers as part of the proposed bilateral trade agreement.
Prasada stated that, as of now, the United States has not imposed reciprocal tariffs on India, although the deadline for their implementation is April 2, 2025. His statement comes ahead of the visit by US trade officials from March 25-29 to discuss the agreement. The talks aim to enhance supply chain integration and reduce trade frictions. India is also reportedly considering tariff cuts on over half of US imports, worth USD 23 billion, to prevent retaliatory measures.
Why it matters to India
Strengthening trade ties with the United States is strategically important for India’s economic growth. Expanding market access and reducing tariffs will benefit Indian exporters, boosting revenue and creating jobs. The trade negotiations are also vital to shielding India’s USD 66 billion exports to the US from potential tariff hikes. By fostering deeper supply chain integration, India can enhance its economic resilience amid rising global protectionism. Successful negotiations will help India secure fairer trade terms, safeguarding its economic interests.
What happened?
On March 25, 2025, India and China held the 33rd meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) in Beijing. The Indian delegation was led by Gourangalal Das, Joint Secretary (East Asia) at the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), while the Chinese side was represented by Hong Liang, Director General of the Boundary and Oceanic Affairs Department at the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The two sides comprehensively reviewed the situation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and discussed measures to maintain peace and stability. They agreed to strengthen diplomatic and military communication channels and explored proposals to implement decisions made during the 23rd meeting of the Special Representatives on the India-China Boundary Question held in December 2024. The delegations also exchanged views on resuming cross-border cooperation, including trans-border rivers management and the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra.
Why it matters to India
The WMCC meeting is significant as it reflects ongoing efforts by India and China to stabilise border relations following recent tensions. Maintaining peace along the LAC is crucial for bilateral relations and regional stability. The resumption of the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra holds cultural and religious importance for Indian pilgrims. Furthermore, agreements on cross-border cooperation, including river management, are vital for India’s water security. Strengthening diplomatic and military communication channels is key to preventing border incidents and de-escalating future tensions.
What happened?
India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has doubled in size over the last ten years, according to the latest data released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The data revealed that India’s GDP at current prices stood at USD 2.1 trillion in 2015 and is projected to reach USD 4.27 trillion by the end of 2025, marking a 100 per cent increase.
The IMF reported that India’s real GDP growth rate for 2025 is 6.5 per cent, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Inflation is expected to remain at 4.1 per cent, within the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) target range of 4 to 6 per cent. The IMF also highlighted that India’s GDP per capita, in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), is estimated at USD 11,940. However, the report noted that India’s general government gross debt stands at 82.6 per cent of GDP, indicating fiscal challenges despite strong growth.
Why it matters to India
India’s doubling of GDP underscores its robust economic expansion over the past decade, driven by domestic consumption, services growth, and infrastructure investments. The 6.5 per cent real GDP growth rate reflects the country’s resilience amid global uncertainties. However, the high public debt poses a challenge to fiscal stability, potentially limiting the government’s flexibility for future spending. The improvement in GDP per capita signals rising individual prosperity, though income inequality remains a concern. Maintaining inflation within RBI’s target range is critical for preserving purchasing power and sustaining economic momentum.
March 25, 2025
- → India’s Defence Production Hits Record ₹1.27 Lakh Crore, Exported to Over 90 Countries
- → India and Singapore Collaborate on Maritime Digitalisation and Decarbonisation
- → India Calls for United Nations Security Council Reform for Effective Peacekeeping
- → Chile’s President to Visit India, Focus on Strategic Ties and Critical Minerals
- → India, Africa Strengthen Maritime Ties with Joint Naval Exercise
What happened?
India’s defence production reached an all-time high of ₹1.27 lakh crore in the financial year 2024-25, with exports covering more than 90 countries. The record-breaking figures highlight the growing strength of India’s indigenous defence manufacturing sector. The government’s push for self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative and policies promoting domestic defence procurement have significantly boosted production. The export portfolio includes major platforms such as artillery guns, armoured vehicles, coastal surveillance systems, and avionics equipment.
Why it matters to India:
The record defence production underscores India’s growing self-sufficiency in defence manufacturing, reducing its reliance on foreign suppliers. By exporting to over 90 countries, India is enhancing its position as a reliable global arms supplier, strengthening its strategic influence. The boost in defence exports also contributes to India’s economic growth by generating revenue and creating jobs. Moreover, the expansion of indigenous capabilities aligns with India’s long-term goal of becoming a defence manufacturing hub, promoting technology advancement and fostering innovation in the sector.
What happened?
On March 25, 2025, India and Singapore signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to cooperate on maritime digitalisation and decarbonisation. The agreement was signed by Teo Eng Dih, Chief Executive of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, and R. Lakshmanan, Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways of India. The partnership aims to establish a Singapore-India Green and Digital Shipping Corridor (GDSC) to develop and adopt zero or near-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission technologies. Both sides will collaborate on projects related to green marine fuels and digital solutions for sustainable shipping.
Why it matters to India
The India-Singapore maritime cooperation is a significant step towards sustainable shipping practices. As a major maritime nation, India’s collaboration with Singapore—a global transshipment and bunkering hub—positions it at the forefront of green shipping technologies. The partnership will enhance India’s capabilities in maritime digitalisation, improving operational efficiency and reducing emissions. By promoting green marine fuels and digital solutions, India can strengthen its role in the global maritime sector while advancing its environmental goals. The initiative also aligns with India’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint under the Paris Agreement.
What happened?
India’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN), P. Harish, called for reforms to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) during a debate on peacekeeping operations. Harish argued that peacekeeping cannot be the sole solution to conflicts and must be backed by political resolutions. He highlighted India’s willingness to offer specialised peacekeeping training through the Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping (CUNPK), which has trained peacekeepers for over two decades. The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres also emphasised the need for realistic mandates and viable exit strategies for peacekeeping missions.
Why it matters to India
India’s demand for UNSC reform aligns with its long-standing push for greater representation in global governance. With over 240,000 Indian personnel contributing to UN peacekeeping missions, India is a key stakeholder in peace operations. Reforming the UNSC to reflect current geopolitical realities would enhance India’s diplomatic influence and ensure its voice is heard on global security issues. By offering advanced peacekeeping training, India strengthens its position as a leader in peace operations, enhancing its soft power and credibility in multilateral forums.
What happened?
Chilean President Gabriel Boric Font will visit India from April 1 to 6, 2025, to strengthen bilateral cooperation. During the visit, he will meet President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Delhi, focusing on space, technology, and critical minerals cooperation. He will also travel to Mumbai to promote investment ties and Bengaluru to explore technology collaboration. The visit follows the two leaders’ first in-person meeting at the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro in November 2024. Both sides will review the India-Chile Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) and discuss its expansion into a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA).
Why it matters to India
Chile’s visit is strategically important for India’s energy transition and technology ambitions. As a major global supplier of lithium and copper—essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries and renewable energy storage—Chile is a key partner in India’s green energy plans. Strengthened trade ties with Chile will also enhance India’s access to critical minerals, reducing its dependence on China and other dominant suppliers. Furthermore, expanding the PTA into a CEPA could boost bilateral trade beyond the current $2.7 billion mark, offering India greater market access in Latin America. Chile’s support for India’s bid for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adds diplomatic value to the relationship.
What happened?
The Indian Navy will conduct its first-ever joint maritime exercise with African nations, named Africa India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME), from mid-April 2025. Co-hosted by the Indian Navy and the Tanzania People’s Defence Force, the exercise will take place in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will inaugurate the event, which will feature participation from Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, and South Africa. The two-phase drill will include harbour-based tabletop simulations on piracy, command post exercises, and training in Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) operations. The sea phase will feature search and rescue (SAR) operations, small arms firing, and helicopter manoeuvres.
Why it matters to India
The AIKEYME exercise is strategically significant for India’s maritime security and diplomatic outreach in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). By collaborating with African nations, India aims to enhance its influence and build stronger security partnerships in the region. The exercise also reinforces India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) policy, which promotes regional stability through maritime cooperation. Furthermore, the Indian Navy’s Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) Sagar initiative, involving joint surveillance of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) with African partners, strengthens India’s role as the Preferred Security Partner and First Responder in the IOR. The enhanced interoperability with African navies will improve India’s ability to combat piracy, illegal trafficking, and unregulated fishing, safeguarding its maritime trade routes.
March 24, 2025
- → EAM Highlights India’s Role in a Disrupted Global Economy
- → US Trade Representative to Visit India Ahead of Tariff Deadline
What happened?
On March 22, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar delivered a keynote address at the Business Today Vucanomics 2025 event in Mumbai. He emphasised India’s strategy to navigate a volatile global economy marked by trade wars, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical conflicts. Jaishankar highlighted India’s focus on building resilient supply chains, enhancing digital security, and strengthening its energy partnerships. He also underscored India’s diplomatic efforts to promote business interests globally, including trade agreements with the EU, UK, and the US, as well as new negotiations with New Zealand.
Why it matters to India
Jaishankar’s address reflects India’s proactive foreign policy aimed at boosting its economic resilience amid global uncertainties. By diversifying supply chains and negotiating strategic trade agreements, India seeks to secure its economic interests and expand its market presence. Strengthening energy partnerships and digital infrastructure is vital for India’s long-term economic growth and technological leadership. His emphasis on diplomacy-driven business promotion highlights India’s ambition to position itself as a key player in shaping the global economic order, with a focus on Viksit Bharat (Developed India) as the overarching goal.
What happened?
Assistant US Trade Representative for South and Central Asia, Brendan Lynch, will visit Delhi from March 25-29, 2025, for bilateral trade negotiations with Indian officials, including Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal. The visit comes ahead of the April 2 tariff deadline imposed by US President Donald Trump as part of his “America First” policy. The US is pushing India to reduce tariffs, citing its trade surplus with the US. Both nations are working towards finalising the first tranche of a multi-sector Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) by the fall of 2025, aiming to double bilateral trade to $500 billion by 2030.
Why it matters to India
Lynch’s visit holds strategic significance as India seeks to protect its trade interests amid US tariff pressures. Negotiating a favourable BTA is crucial for India to secure better market access for its exports while reducing trade barriers. Strengthened trade ties with the US would boost Indian industries, attract investments, and promote job creation. Moreover, reducing tariff uncertainties will enhance supply chain resilience and safeguard India’s economic stability amid rising global protectionism. The visit also signals the deepening of India-US diplomatic ties, reinforcing India’s role as a key partner in the Indo-Pacific region.
March 21, 2025
- → Jaishankar Meets Commonwealth Secretary General-elect, Calls for More Representative Global Institutions
- → Spotify’s Loud & Clear 2025 Report Reveals Record Growth for Indian Artists in Global Markets
- → Timor-Leste Opens Embassy in New Delhi
- → Centre Reviewing Nuclear Laws to Boost Energy Capacity Under 100 GWe Mission
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar met with Commonwealth Secretary General-elect Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey, former Foreign Minister of Ghana, in New Delhi on March 21, 2025. During the meeting, Jaishankar emphasized the need for the Commonwealth to become more representative, efficient, and reflective of its members’ views. He called for reforms to make the institution more contemporary and transparent, aligning it with the aspirations of its diverse membership.
Why does it matter to India
India’s call for a more representative Commonwealth highlights its push for greater equity in global institutions. As a founding member and a major voice in the Commonwealth, India seeks reforms that better reflect the priorities and concerns of the Global South. Strengthening its influence within the Commonwealth enhances India’s diplomatic leverage and reinforces its leadership role in shaping multilateral governance.
What happened?
Spotify’s Loud & Clear 2025 Report highlighted record growth for Indian artists in international markets. Nearly 50% of royalties generated by Indian artists in 2024 came from overseas listeners, a significant increase from 40% in 2023. The report also revealed that the number of Indian artists earning over ₹50 lakh annually from Spotify has more than doubled since 2022, while those earning over ₹1 crore have tripled. Indian music’s global reach expanded, with Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu music witnessing significant growth.
Why it matters to India
The growing global popularity of Indian music reflects the country’s expanding cultural influence. Increased royalty earnings benefit Indian artists financially, promoting the growth of the independent music industry. The rising international demand for regional music highlights India’s rich musical diversity, opening new opportunities for cross-border collaborations and strengthening India’s cultural soft power.
What happened?
Southeast Asian nation Timor-Leste inaugurated its embassy in New Delhi on March 20, 2025, marking a significant step in bilateral relations. The decision follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s announcement at the ASEAN-India Summit in Jakarta in September 2023, where he committed to opening an Indian embassy in Dili, Timor-Leste. The reciprocal opening of embassies highlights growing diplomatic and economic ties. Timor-Leste’s Charge d’Affaires Francisco Fernandes praised India’s leadership, highlighting potential cooperation in petroleum, gas, tourism, and logistics. Both nations aim to strengthen connectivity through a future air services agreement, facilitating direct flights between Delhi and Dili.
Why it matters to India
Timor-Leste’s embassy inauguration strengthens India’s diplomatic outreach in Southeast Asia, enhancing its influence in the region. With Timor-Leste set to join ASEAN, deeper ties will promote India’s Act East Policy and expand trade and investment opportunities. Collaboration in energy and tourism will create new avenues for Indian businesses, while improved connectivity will boost people-to-people exchanges.
What happened?
The central government is reviewing nuclear laws to accelerate India’s nuclear energy capacity under the 100 GWe Nuclear Energy Mission, which aims to deploy 100 gigawatts of nuclear power by 2047. Union Minister for Science and Technology Jitendra Singh informed Parliament that dedicated task forces have been constituted to examine amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (CLND) Act. The task forces, comprising representatives from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), are exploring private sector participation in nuclear projects. The initiative also focuses on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with the government allocating ₹20,000 crore in the Union Budget 2025 for deploying five SMRs by 2033.
Why it matters to India
The review of nuclear laws marks a major policy shift, enabling private sector participation in nuclear energy, which was previously restricted. This will accelerate India’s clean energy transition, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and support its Net Zero emissions target by 2070. SMRs offer a scalable and efficient solution for power generation in remote areas, aiding decarbonisation efforts. The move also strengthens India’s energy security by boosting domestic power production.
March 20, 2025
- → US Overtakes UAE as India’s Top Source of Inward Remittances: RBI Survey
- → India to Sign ₹7,000 Crore Deal for ATAGS Howitzers with Bharat Forge and Tata Advanced Systems
- → India and the Philippines Strengthen Ties with Focus on Maritime Security and AI Cooperation
- → India Expands AI Skilling and Innovation Under the IndiaAI Mission
What happened?
The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) latest remittance survey for 2023-24 revealed that the United States has overtaken the UAE as India’s largest source of inward remittances. The US accounted for 27.7% of total remittances, while the UAE’s share fell to 19.2%. The shift reflects a rising trend of skilled Indian migrants moving to advanced economies, with the US, UK, Singapore, Canada, and Australia collectively contributing more than half of India’s remittances. The survey also highlighted Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu as the top recipient states, with Maharashtra receiving the largest share at 20.5%.
Why it matters to India
The growing share of remittances from advanced economies reflects India’s increasing global workforce mobility and higher-earning migrants. The shift boosts foreign exchange inflows, contributing to India’s economic stability. The dominance of digital transfers, which accounted for 73.5% of remittances, indicates greater financial inclusion and reduced transaction costs, enhancing India’s position in the global remittance market.
What happened?
The Union Defence Ministry is set to sign a ₹7,000 crore deal next week for the procurement of 307 indigenous Advanced Towed Artillery Gun Systems (ATAGS). The contract will be awarded to Bharat Forge, which emerged as the lowest bidder (L1), receiving 60% of the deal, while Tata Advanced Systems will receive 40%. The deal comes after years of development and rigorous trials of the ATAGS, which boasts a firing range of up to 45 km with Extended Range Full Bore Base Bleed (ERFB BB) ammunition. The procurement aims to modernise the Indian Army’s artillery capabilities, replacing ageing systems with advanced indigenous firepower.
Why it matters to India
The ATAGS deal marks a major step in India’s defence indigenisation and self-reliance efforts under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Strengthening the Army’s artillery capabilities with domestically manufactured guns enhances India’s operational preparedness and reduces dependency on foreign weapon systems. The deal also boosts India’s defence manufacturing sector, creating jobs and driving technological advancements.
What happened?
India and the Philippines reaffirmed their commitment to expanding cooperation in energy, maritime security, artificial intelligence (AI), and trade as they celebrate 75 years of diplomatic ties. During the Raisina Dialogue, Philippines Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo met with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, discussing connectivity, maritime collaboration, and strengthening India-ASEAN ties. Both sides highlighted plans to establish a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) to boost bilateral trade and diversify commercial relations. The Philippines also invited India to invest in its nickel sector, a move aimed at reducing Manila’s dependency on Chinese buyers.
Why it matters to India
Deepening ties with the Philippines strengthens India’s presence in the Indo-Pacific, advancing its strategic interests amid regional power dynamics. Collaboration in maritime security enhances India’s influence in safeguarding critical sea lanes. The proposed PTA could open new trade opportunities, while cooperation in AI and cybersecurity reflects India’s growing technology footprint. India’s potential involvement in the Philippines’ nickel sector could diversify its supply chain, reducing reliance on traditional markets.
What happened?
The Government of India announced new initiatives under the IndiaAI Mission to promote AI skilling, innovation, and digital inclusivity. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) revealed that it received 67 proposals from startups and researchers for building indigenous AI models. As part of the initiative, the IndiaAI Innovation Centre launched a call for proposals in January 2025, focusing on Large Language Models (LLMs), Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), and domain-specific AI applications. The government also announced plans to establish Data and AI Labs in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities to promote regional AI education and innovation.
Why it matters to India
The expansion of the IndiaAI Mission strengthens India’s position as a global AI hub, driving technological advancement and digital transformation. By fostering indigenous AI capabilities, India reduces its dependency on foreign technology and enhances its digital sovereignty. The initiative also creates new skilling and employment opportunities, boosting innovation and productivity across sectors, including healthcare, education, and financial services.
March 19, 2025
- → Key Outcomes of India-Malaysia Bilateral Meeting in New Delhi
- → Indian and French Navies Hold 23rd Edition of Naval Exercise VARUNA 2025
- → India and Singapore to Sign Pact for Green Digital Shipping Corridor
- → Sweden Opens Third Business Promotion Office in India to Boost Trade Ties
What happened?
India and Malaysia held a ministerial-level bilateral meeting in New Delhi on March 18, 2025, to enhance trade and economic cooperation. Union Minister of State for Commerce & Industry and Electronics & Information Technology Jitin Prasada met with Malaysian Deputy Minister of Investment, Trade, and Industry Liew Chin Tong. The two sides discussed the ongoing review of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA) and committed to expediting its conclusion by 2025. Key outcomes included agreements on boosting bilateral trade, market access, collaboration in the semiconductor industry, and cooperation in services. Both sides also addressed issues related to the Foreign Manufacturers Certification Scheme (FMCS) under the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
Why it matters to India
The meeting strengthens India’s trade ties with Malaysia, its third-largest ASEAN trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching USD 20.02 billion in 2023-24. Expediting the AITIGA review is crucial for enhancing India’s access to ASEAN markets, reducing trade barriers, and boosting exports. Cooperation in semiconductors and services aligns with India’s goal of becoming a global technology hub, while resolving trade issues under BIS regulations will streamline certification processes, benefiting Indian exporters.
What happened?
The Indian Navy and the French Navy began the 23rd edition of their bilateral naval exercise VARUNA on March 19, 2025, set to continue until March 22. The exercise, held in the Arabian Sea, features joint operations across underwater, surface, and air domains, showcasing growing naval interoperability. Key participants include India’s aircraft carrier INS Vikrant and France’s FS Charles de Gaulle, alongside fighter jets, destroyers, frigates, and an Indian Scorpene-class submarine. The exercise involves advanced air defence drills, mock air-to-air combat between Indian MiG-29Ks and French Rafale-Ms, anti-submarine warfare training, and replenishment-at-sea operations.
Why it matters to India
VARUNA 2025 underscores the deepening India-France strategic partnership in the maritime domain, enhancing joint operational capabilities. The exercise strengthens India’s naval interoperability with a key Indo-Pacific partner, boosting regional security. With both navies conducting complex manoeuvres, the drill reinforces India’s commitment to safeguarding a free, open, and secure maritime environment.
What happened?
India and Singapore are set to sign a Letter of Intent (LoI) to establish a Green Digital Shipping Corridor (GDSC), linking the Indian maritime sector to the global network. The LoI is expected to be signed during Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal’s visit to Singapore next week for the Singapore Maritime Week (SMW), scheduled from March 24 to 28, 2025. The corridor aims to promote sustainable shipping practices by reducing carbon emissions through digital technologies and streamlined logistics. The partnership will also involve Indian ports, shipyards, and companies, which will participate in the SMW exhibition under the India Pavilion.
Why it matters to India
The proposed GDSC will strengthen India’s maritime sustainability efforts, enhancing its role in global green shipping initiatives. By integrating digital technologies, the corridor will improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and boost the competitiveness of India’s shipping sector. The collaboration with Singapore, a global maritime hub, will expand trade connectivity and promote India’s leadership in sustainable maritime practices.
What happened?
Sweden opened its third Business Sweden office in Mumbai on March 18, 2025, reinforcing its focus on India as a key trade and investment partner. Sweden’s Foreign Minister Maria Malmer Stenergard inaugurated the office, adding to existing branches in Delhi and Bengaluru. The expansion comes as India negotiates a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union (EU). The new office aims to facilitate trade collaborations, promote Swedish investments in India, and support Indian companies entering the Swedish market. Nearly 300 Swedish companies currently operate in India, while over 70 Indian firms have invested in Sweden, generating 7,000 jobs.
Why it matters to India
Sweden’s expanded business presence reflects growing confidence in India’s economic potential. The new office will facilitate greater trade and investment flows, boosting cooperation in healthcare, infrastructure, green transition, and manufacturing. With the India-EU FTA on the horizon, Sweden’s deeper engagement could open new avenues for Indian businesses, enhancing bilateral economic cooperation.
March 18, 2025
- → India’s Cultural Heritage Goes Digital with Comprehensive Preservation Efforts by NMMA
- → India and Australia Hold 9th Defence Policy Talks in New Delhi to Strengthen Maritime Cooperation
- → PM Modi Meets US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard to Strengthen Strategic Partnership
- → Director General of Defence Intelligence Agency to Visit Australia to Boost Strategic Cooperation
- → Key Outcomes of New Zealand Prime Minister’s Visit to India
What happened?
The National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities (NMMA) is leading India’s efforts to digitally preserve its cultural heritage. Launched in 2007, NMMA has digitised over 1.2 million antiquities and documented more than 11,400 sites and monuments. Under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (AMASR Act) of 1958, the initiative aims to systematically document and protect India’s historical and artistic treasures. The project also involves advanced technologies like 3D scanning and virtual reality to create immersive experiences and digital archives.
Why it matters to India
Digitising India’s cultural heritage enhances its preservation and accessibility for future generations. By creating a comprehensive digital archive, NMMA strengthens research, conservation, and public engagement with India’s rich historical legacy. The use of modern technologies ensures the protection of heritage sites, promotes cultural tourism, and reinforces India’s global leadership in heritage preservation.
What happened?
India and Australia held the 9th Defence Policy Talks in New Delhi on March 17, 2025, with a focus on maritime security, intelligence-sharing, and defence technology collaboration. Led by Joint Secretary Amitabh Prasad and Australia’s First Assistant Secretary Bernard Philip, the discussions reviewed the outcomes of recent ministerial-level dialogues and defence exercises. The two sides agreed on deepening cooperation in maritime domain awareness, reciprocal information sharing, and defence industry partnerships.
Why it matters to India
Strengthening defence ties with Australia reinforces India’s maritime security capabilities and Indo-Pacific engagement. Enhanced cooperation in intelligence-sharing and technology collaboration boosts India’s defence preparedness and regional influence. The talks also signal growing interoperability and strategic alignment between the two nations, contributing to regional stability and security.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard in New Delhi on March 18, 2025, to discuss deepening India-US cooperation in defence, critical technologies, and counterterrorism. Modi praised Gabbard’s role in strengthening bilateral ties and highlighted the importance of intelligence-sharing in tackling global challenges. The meeting, which follows Modi’s visit to Washington D.C. earlier this year, reaffirms India’s growing strategic collaboration with the US.
Why it matters to India
The meeting underscores the increasing depth of India-US security and intelligence cooperation, which is vital for tackling emerging threats, including terrorism and cyber warfare. Strengthened defence and technology ties with the US enhance India’s security capabilities and strategic deterrence. The visit also signals continuity in high-level engagements, reinforcing India’s position as a key US partner in the Indo-Pacific.
What happened?
Director General of Defence Intelligence Agency (DG DIA) Lt General DS Rana will visit Australia from March 19-21, 2025, to strengthen bilateral defence intelligence cooperation. During the visit, he will hold talks with senior Australian defence officials, including the Deputy Secretary of Defence, the Director General of National Intelligence (DGNI), and the Chief of Joint Operations. The discussions will focus on intelligence-sharing mechanisms, regional security coordination, and Indo-Pacific collaboration. Rana will also visit the Australian War Memorial and attend the Last Post Ceremony as a tribute to fallen soldiers.
Why it matters to India?
The visit highlights India’s growing strategic partnership with Australia, especially in defence intelligence sharing and maritime security cooperation. Strengthening intelligence cooperation with Australia enhances India’s ability to monitor regional threats, counter terrorism, and bolster Indo-Pacific stability. The exchange of expertise and best practices will improve India’s strategic preparedness and strengthen defence ties, reinforcing both nations’ commitment to peace and security in the region.
What happened?
New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon concluded his official visit to India from March 16-20, 2025, marking a significant milestone in bilateral ties. During the visit, Prime Minister Luxon held talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, addressing trade, defence, technology, and people-to-people cooperation. Key outcomes included the launch of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations, the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Defence Cooperation, and New Zealand joining the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). The leaders also welcomed agreements on education, sports, and horticulture, along with a mutual recognition arrangement to facilitate smoother trade.
Why it matters to India
The visit elevated India-New Zealand ties by advancing economic, defence, and regional cooperation. The FTA negotiations signal greater trade opportunities, enhancing market access and deepening supply chain integration. Defence cooperation, including regular naval port calls and military exchanges, strengthens maritime security collaboration. New Zealand’s participation in the IPOI reinforces India’s Indo-Pacific strategy, promoting maritime stability and multilateral cooperation. Enhanced collaboration in education, sports, and agriculture expands opportunities for Indian students, professionals, and businesses, reflecting the growing significance of the bilateral relationship.
March 17, 2025
- → India Hosts Quad Workshop on Pandemic Preparedness to Strengthen Indo-Pacific Health Security
- → Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Meets US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard to Strengthen India-US Security Cooperation
- → India and New Zealand Launch Free Trade Agreement Negotiations to Strengthen Economic Partnership
- → PM Modi Inaugurates 10th Raisina Dialogue as India Reinforces Global Strategic Leadership
What happened?
India, under its presidency of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), is hosting the Quad Workshop on Pandemic Preparedness for the Indo-Pacific Region in New Delhi from March 17-19, 2025. The workshop, an outcome of the 6th Quad Leaders’ Summit, brings together senior health officials and technical experts from Quad nations—India, the United States, Japan, and Australia—as well as representatives from 15 Indo-Pacific countries and international health organizations. The discussions focus on improving global health governance, strengthening disease surveillance, and enhancing pandemic response coordination.
Why it matters to India
As a key player in global health security, India’s leadership in pandemic preparedness reinforces its commitment to shaping resilient health frameworks for the Indo-Pacific. Strengthening cooperation with Quad nations and regional partners enhances India’s ability to respond to future health crises, showcasing its role as a provider of global public goods. The initiative also highlights India’s advancements in vaccine development, medical research, and public health infrastructure, further cementing its position as a trusted leader in the health sector.
What happened?
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met with US Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard in New Delhi on March 17, 2025, for discussions on enhancing bilateral defence and intelligence cooperation. The meeting focused on counterterrorism efforts, information sharing, and strengthening India-US strategic collaboration. A day earlier, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval also held talks with Gabbard on security partnerships. Gabbard is in India as part of a multi-nation visit and will participate in the Raisina Dialogue on March 18, where she is set to deliver a keynote conversation.
Why it matters to India
With India and the United States deepening their security and intelligence-sharing mechanisms, the discussions reflect a growing strategic partnership in addressing global security challenges. Strengthening intelligence cooperation is crucial for India’s counterterrorism framework, particularly amid evolving regional security concerns. The visit further cements India-US ties, reinforcing commitments made during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the US earlier this year.
What happened?
During New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon’s official visit to India, both nations announced the launch of negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on March 17, 2025. The discussions, led by India’s Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and New Zealand’s Trade and Investment Minister Todd McClay, focus on enhancing market access, strengthening supply chains, and expanding cooperation in agriculture, services, and technology. The move follows multiple ministerial-level engagements over the past year, underscoring a shared commitment to deepening trade and investment ties.
Why it matters to India
A Free Trade Agreement with New Zealand could open new economic opportunities, particularly in key sectors such as technology, agri-business, and education. New Zealand’s expertise in dairy and sustainable agriculture complements India’s ambitions for food security and supply chain resilience. Strengthening trade ties with a Pacific nation aligns with India’s Indo-Pacific economic strategy, diversifying its trade partnerships and reducing dependency on traditional markets. The agreement also reflects India’s broader push for balanced and strategic trade pacts that align with its economic and geopolitical interests.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 10th Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi on March 17, 2025, setting the stage for high-level discussions on global geopolitics and geo-economics. Organised by the Ministry of External Affairs in collaboration with the Observer Research Foundation, the three-day conference brings together over 3,500 participants from 125 countries, including current and former heads of state, ministers, diplomats, and business leaders. New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon, on an official visit to India, delivered the keynote address as the Chief Guest. This year’s dialogue, themed “Kālachakra: People, Peace, Planet”, focuses on six key pillars, including trade, digital governance, climate action, and security challenges.
Why it matters to India:
The Raisina Dialogue has emerged as India’s premier platform for shaping global policy discourse, reinforcing its role as a strategic thought leader. Hosting high-profile international leaders and experts strengthens India’s diplomatic outreach, particularly in the Indo-Pacific. With discussions spanning economic security, technology, and multilateral governance, India is positioning itself as a key architect of global solutions, advocating for the interests of the Global South while engaging with major economies and international institutions.
March 13, 2025
- → India and Chile Hold First Joint Working Group Meeting on Agriculture
- → India and Mauritius Outline Joint Vision for Enhanced Strategic Partnership
- → India Successfully Launched 393 Foreign Satellites Over the Last Decade, Generates $415 Million in Revenue
- → India Launches First-Ever Exploration Licence Auction for Critical Minerals
What happened?
On March 12, 2025, India and Chile held their first Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting on Agriculture in a virtual format. The meeting was co-chaired by Ajeet Kumar Sahu, Joint Secretary (International Cooperation), Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, India, and Gabriel Layseca, Director, Bureau of Agricultural Studies and Policies (ODEPA), Chile. Discussions focused on strengthening bilateral cooperation in agriculture, market access, research collaboration, and capacity building. India highlighted key initiatives such as the Digital Agriculture Mission, the Lakhpati Didi Program, and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), while Chile expressed interest in deeper cooperation in horticulture and rural development.
Why it matters to India
As Chile is a major agricultural exporter in Latin America, closer ties with the country could facilitate technology exchange, investment in agri-business, and market access for Indian agricultural products. The collaboration supports India’s push for natural and organic farming, digital agriculture, and sustainable farming practices. Strengthening agricultural partnerships with Latin America aligns with India’s strategy to diversify its food security network and build resilient global supply chains.
What happened?
During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to Mauritius on March 11-12, 2025, he and Mauritian Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam reaffirmed their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, highlighting cooperation in defence, trade, infrastructure, and capacity building. Both leaders underscored the significance of India’s development assistance, including projects such as the Metro Express, the Supreme Court Building, and the supply of 100 electric buses. Agreements were finalized to enhance maritime security, with India continuing to support Mauritius in safeguarding its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Discussions also focused on digital cooperation, space technology, and climate resilience, further strengthening bilateral ties.
Why it matters to India
Mauritius remains a crucial partner in India’s Indian Ocean strategy, serving as a strategic gateway for regional connectivity, trade, and security. The agreements bolster India’s influence in maritime security, economic engagement, and regional governance, reinforcing its role as a development partner in the Global South. Enhancing cooperation in digital infrastructure and climate action also aligns with India’s broader economic and geopolitical vision.
What happened?
Union Minister Jitendra Singh informed the Lok Sabha on March 12, 2025, that India has launched 393 foreign satellites and 3 Indian commercial satellites between January 2015 and December 2024, generating $143 million and €272 million (approximately $415 million) in revenue. The launches were carried out using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), and Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). India has provided launch services to 34 countries, including the United States (232 satellites), the United Kingdom (83), Singapore (19), and Canada (8). The government has also initiated reforms such as establishing the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) to facilitate private sector participation, a ₹1,000 crore Venture Capital Fund for space startups, and a revised Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy to attract global investments in India’s space sector.
Why it matters to India
India’s commercial space sector is rapidly expanding, positioning the country as a cost-effective and reliable satellite launch provider. By liberalizing the space sector and supporting private investment, India aims to increase its share in the $400 billion global space economy. Expanding its space capabilities strengthens national security, economic growth, and technological innovation, reinforcing India’s status as a key player in the global space industry.
What happened?
On March 13, 2025, Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy launched India’s first auction for Exploration Licences (ELs) for critical minerals in Dona Paula, Goa. The auction includes 13 exploration blocks across Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, and Karnataka, covering minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs), zinc, copper, diamonds, and platinum group elements (PGEs). This initiative follows the 2023 amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act (MMDR), allowing greater private sector participation in mineral exploration and production.
Why it matters to India
India currently imports most of its critical minerals, which are essential for electronics, renewable energy, and defence. By enabling private sector participation in exploration, India aims to reduce import dependency, boost self-reliance, and position itself as a global hub for mineral processing and manufacturing. This auction aligns with India’s broader efforts to secure supply chains, strengthen economic security, and accelerate green energy transitions.
March 12, 2025
- → India Prepares Revised Tariff Cut Offers Ahead of Second Round of Trade Talks with the US
- → PM Modi Unveils ‘Mahasagar Vision’ for Global South During Mauritius Visit
- → India-Sierra Leone Foreign Office Consultations Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation
- → India and Mauritius Sign 8 MoUs to Enhance Strategic and Economic Ties
What happened
The Commerce & Industry Ministry is refining its tariff reduction proposals for the next round of trade consultations with the US, following feedback from Washington that India’s initial offers were inadequate. Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal is expected to visit Washington DC again before April 2, 2025, when US President Donald Trump has threatened to impose reciprocal tariffs on countries with high import duties. India is in consultations with multiple ministries and industry bodies to balance US demands for steep concessions in sectors like textiles, electronics, and automobiles, while protecting its sensitive agricultural sector.
Why it matters to India
With India’s tariffs on US goods at 15.3% (2022) compared to 3.83% on Indian exports to the US, Washington is pressing for a macro, large-scale trade agreement rather than sector-specific negotiations. Given India’s $35 billion trade surplus with the US, avoiding punitive tariffs is critical to sustaining export growth. The upcoming negotiations will test India’s ability to balance economic liberalization with domestic sectoral protections, particularly in agriculture, while strengthening long-term India-US trade relations.
What happened
On March 12, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the ‘Mahasagar Vision’ (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) in Port Louis, Mauritius. This initiative focuses on trade, capacity building, and security cooperation across the Global South. The announcement came after Modi witnessed the signing of eight key agreements with Mauritius, covering maritime security, national currency trade, and public administration reforms. Modi recalled that India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision was first outlined in Mauritius a decade ago, reinforcing India’s longstanding commitment to regional stability.
Why it matters to India
With China increasing its influence in the Global South, India is positioning itself as a reliable and development-oriented partner. The Mahasagar Vision reinforces India’s commitment to regional security, economic growth, and sustainable development, further strengthening its diplomatic ties with Indian Ocean nations. By deepening strategic cooperation with Mauritius, India is securing its presence in a region critical to its maritime and economic interests.
What happened
On March 10, 2025, India and Sierra Leone held the 2nd Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) in New Delhi, co-chaired by Sevala Naik Mude, Additional Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, and Alan C. E. Logan, Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Sierra Leone. Both sides reviewed trade, investment, pharmaceuticals, education, defence cooperation, and energy development. Sierra Leone expressed support for India’s candidature for the UN Security Council’s non-permanent seat for 2028-29 and agreed to expedite the process of joining the International Solar Alliance and Global Biofuels Alliance. The two sides also discussed India’s digital infrastructure initiative India Stack and explored its implementation in Sierra Leone.
Why it matters to India
Strengthening ties with Sierra Leone enhances India’s presence in Africa, a key region for trade, energy security, and strategic partnerships. With a threefold increase in bilateral trade over the last decade, India’s engagement in infrastructure, digital technology, and pharmaceuticals further cements its role as a reliable partner. Sierra Leone’s backing for India’s UN bid signals growing diplomatic support for India’s global aspirations.
What happened
During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Mauritius on March 11-12, 2025, India and Mauritius signed eight MoUs, covering key areas such as local currency trade, maritime security, financial crimes cooperation, and diplomatic training. Notable agreements include a Local Currency Settlement System between the Reserve Bank of India and the Bank of Mauritius, a Credit Facility Agreement for water infrastructure, and a Technical Agreement between the Indian Navy and the Mauritius Police Force for White Shipping Information sharing. PM Modi also inaugurated the Civil Service College and an Area Health Centre, both funded by India.
Why it matters to India
Mauritius remains a key partner in India’s Indian Ocean strategy, ensuring economic and security cooperation in a region of strategic importance. Agreements on financial transactions and maritime security enhance bilateral cooperation, reinforcing India’s role as a dependable development partner. The signing of these agreements underlines India’s proactive engagement in global governance, trade, and security initiatives.
March 11, 2025
- → India Aims for Global Top 10 in Shipbuilding by 2030
- → Armenia Seeks Stronger Defence and Economic Ties with India
- → India-Mauritius Strengthen Bilateral Ties During PM’s Visit
What happened?
As part of Maritime India Vision 2030, the government has set a target to place India among the top 10 shipbuilding nations by 2030 and top 5 by 2047 under the Amrit Kaal Vision. On January 29, 2025, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways amended the Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Policy (SBFAP) to encourage greater participation in shipbuilding. Other measures include the Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP) and updated Right of First Refusal (RoFR) guidelines for vessel procurement to promote domestic shipyards.
Why it matters to India
A stronger shipbuilding industry enhances India’s maritime economy and reduces reliance on foreign-built vessels. The government’s push for indigenous shipbuilding under Make in India will create jobs, boost technological advancements, and improve India’s competitiveness in global ship manufacturing. Green initiatives align with India’s climate commitments, fostering sustainable maritime operations.
What happened?
During his visit to New Delhi on March 10, 2025, Armenian Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan reaffirmed Armenia’s interest in Indian-made defence equipment, including Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers. He held discussions with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar to expand defence, trade, and education partnerships. Mirzoyan also expressed Armenia’s support for India’s position on Jammu and Kashmir and proposed enhanced student exchanges and direct flight connectivity between Yerevan and Delhi.
Why it matters to India?
Armenia’s growing defence ties with India reflect India’s emergence as a significant global arms supplier. Strengthening diplomatic and trade relations with Armenia enhances India’s geopolitical outreach in Eurasia. Expanding educational and business collaborations aligns with India’s broader diplomatic strategy, fostering deeper engagement in the region.
What happened?
On March 11, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Mauritius President Dharambeer Gokhool at the State House, reaffirming India-Mauritius relations. He attended Mauritius’ National Day celebrations as Chief Guest for the second time. In a symbolic gesture, PM Modi handed over OCI cards to the President and First Lady. He also visited the Ayurveda Garden, a collaborative initiative between India and Mauritius.
Why it matters to India
Mauritius remains a key partner in India’s outreach in the Indian Ocean region. Strengthening cultural and economic ties with Mauritius enhances India’s strategic influence in the region. Collaboration in Ayurveda and traditional medicine aligns with India’s push for global recognition of its medical heritage.
March 10, 2025
- → India-Kyrgyzstan Special Forces Exercise KHANJAR-XII Begins
- → Outcomes of External Affairs Minister’s Visit to the UK
- → India-Cambodia Foreign Office Consultations Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation
- → New Zealand Prime Minister to Visit India to Strengthen Bilateral Ties
What happened?
The 12th edition of the India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Forces Exercise KHANJAR-XII commenced on March 10, 2025, in Kyrgyzstan. Indian Army’s Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) and Kyrgyzstan’s Scorpion Brigade are participating. The exercise focuses on counterterrorism operations in urban and high-altitude terrains, advanced special forces skills, and cultural exchanges.
Why it matters to India
This exercise strengthens India’s defence ties with Kyrgyzstan, improving operational interoperability and strategic coordination. It enhances India’s counterterrorism capabilities and reinforces regional security cooperation in Central Asia, a region critical for India’s geopolitical interests.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit to the UK from March 4-9, 2025, strengthened the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, focusing on trade, security, technology, and mobility. Discussions with Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Foreign Secretary David Lammy advanced negotiations on the India-UK Free Trade Agreement, with both sides reaffirming their commitment to reducing trade barriers and expanding market access. Security cooperation was also a key focus, particularly in addressing extremism and ensuring the safety of Indian diplomatic missions. The visit saw the inauguration of two new Indian consulates in Belfast and Manchester, which will enhance diplomatic outreach and engagement with the Indian diaspora. Talks also covered regional and global issues, including the Ukraine conflict, Indo-Pacific security, and deepening educational collaborations, highlighted by Queen’s University Belfast’s upcoming campus in Gujarat.
Why it matters to India
The visit was crucial in maintaining momentum in India-UK trade and economic cooperation, particularly in expediting the FTA, which is expected to boost market access for Indian businesses. Strengthening diplomatic ties through the new consulates will facilitate trade, investment, and people-to-people exchanges, further deepening bilateral engagement. Security discussions reinforced India’s concerns regarding threats to its missions in the UK, ensuring greater protection for Indian diplomats and addressing issues of extremism. The visit also positioned India as a key partner in the UK’s strategic vision, opening avenues for collaboration in technology, innovation, and higher education. By reinforcing India’s diplomatic, economic, and security interests, the visit underscored the growing significance of the India-UK partnership in an evolving global landscape.
What happened?
India and Cambodia held their 3rd Foreign Office Consultations in Siem Reap on March 10, 2025, led by senior foreign ministry officials. Discussions covered political ties, trade, defence, digital technology, and heritage conservation. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to expanding cooperation in regional and multilateral forums.
Why it matters to India
Cambodia is a key partner in India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific strategy. Strengthening ties supports India’s strategic presence in Southeast Asia, enhances economic engagement, and reinforces India’s leadership in heritage conservation and regional diplomacy.
What happened?
New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon will visit India from March 16-20, 2025, marking his first official visit in office. He will meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi, attend the Raisina Dialogue as the Chief Guest, and engage with Indian business leaders in Mumbai. Talks are expected to focus on trade, defence, education, and an India-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement.
Why it matters to India
The visit underscores India’s growing engagement with the Indo-Pacific and its commitment to expanding trade and strategic cooperation with New Zealand. Strengthening economic and educational ties could open new opportunities, particularly in agriculture, space technology, and the services sector.
March 8, 2025
- → India Signs $248 Million Deal for Procurement of T-72 Tank Engines
- → 18th India-Singapore Foreign Office Consultations Held in Singapore
- → Canada’s Intelligence Chief to Visit India for Annual Intelligence Gathering
- → India-Bhutan Meeting to Review Boundary-Related Field Work
- → India-Russia Foreign Office Consultations Held in Moscow
What happened?
The Ministry of Defence has signed a $248 million contract with Rosoboronexport (RoE), Russian Federation, for the procurement of 1000 HP engines for T-72 tanks. The engines will be supplied in fully formed, completely knocked down, and semi-knocked down conditions. The deal also includes a Transfer of Technology (ToT) agreement with Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (Heavy Vehicle Factory), Avadi, Chennai, to facilitate integration and licensed production of the engines in India, aligning with the ‘Make in India’ initiative in the defence sector.
Why it matters to India
The T-72 is a key component of the Indian Army’s armored fleet, currently operating with 780 HP engines. Upgrading to 1000 HP engines will significantly enhance battlefield mobility and offensive capabilities. The inclusion of technology transfer strengthens India’s domestic defence manufacturing ecosystem, reducing dependence on foreign suppliers and reinforcing self-reliance in critical military hardware production. This procurement further bolsters India’s strategic capabilities in mechanized warfare.
What happened?
India and Singapore held the 18th round of Foreign Office Consultations on March 7, 2025, in Singapore. The Indian delegation was led by Jaideep Muzumdar, Secretary (East), Ministry of External Affairs, while the Singaporean side was headed by Luke Goh, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Discussions covered the six pillars of cooperation—Digitalization, Skills Development, Sustainability, Healthcare & Medicine, Advanced Manufacturing, and Connectivity—identified during the India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable. Other key areas of discussion included defence, trade, investments, culture, and people-to-people exchanges. Both sides reviewed progress on implementing the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, announced during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Singapore in September 2024.
Why it matters to India
India and Singapore share a strong strategic partnership, and this consultation served as an important platform to strengthen bilateral cooperation across multiple sectors. As both countries celebrate 60 years of diplomatic relations in 2025, this meeting was timely in setting the roadmap for future engagements and high-level exchanges. The commitment to deepening economic and strategic ties enhances India’s presence in Southeast Asia, reinforcing its Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific strategy. Both sides agreed to hold the next round of consultations in India at a mutually convenient time, further solidifying diplomatic engagement.
What happened?
Daniel Rogers, Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), is set to visit India in mid-March for an annual intelligence gathering organized by India’s National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS). Rogers, who was appointed in February 2025, previously served as Deputy National Security and Intelligence Advisor to the Canadian Prime Minister. His visit comes at a time when India-Canada relations remain strained following allegations by former Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in 2023 regarding Indian involvement in the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar—claims that India rejected. The arrest of four Indian nationals by Canadian authorities in 2024, followed by diplomatic expulsions, further escalated tensions. However, Trudeau’s resignation in January 2025 and the upcoming leadership change in Canada’s Liberal Party may present an opportunity to reset bilateral ties.
Why it matters to India
The intelligence gathering event, now in its fourth year, reflects India’s role as a strategic player in global security discussions. With participation from Western allies, West Asian nations including Saudi Arabia, and Russia, the summit focuses on counterterrorism and geopolitical conflicts. Canada’s participation in this forum signals a potential thaw in relations and underscores the necessity of intelligence cooperation despite political tensions. Additionally, discussions at the gathering will help shape India’s strategic responses to evolving security challenges on the global stage.
What happened?
Officials from the Government of India and the Office of International Boundaries, Royal Government of Bhutan, met in New Delhi on March 6-7, 2025, to review progress on boundary-related field work. The Indian delegation was led by Surveyor General of India, Hitesh Kumar S. Makwana, while the Bhutanese side was headed by Dasho Letho T Tangbi, Secretary, International Boundaries. The discussions covered completed survey work, upcoming fieldwork plans, and potential collaboration in technological and capacity-building efforts.
Why it matters to India
India and Bhutan share a close strategic relationship, and effective boundary management strengthens bilateral trust and regional stability. Advancing survey and capacity-building collaboration aligns with both nations’ priorities and reinforces India’s commitment to supporting Bhutan’s territorial integrity. The meeting reflects the deep-rooted friendship between the two countries and highlights India’s ongoing engagement in regional security and infrastructure development.
What happened?
Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri visited Moscow on March 7, 2025, for bilateral Foreign Office Consultations with Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Rudenko. The discussions covered the full spectrum of bilateral ties, along with regional and global issues of mutual interest. Both sides reviewed progress on key decisions taken at the 22nd Annual Summit in Moscow (July 2024), the India-Russia meeting on the sidelines of the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, the 25th session of the Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological, and Cultural Cooperation in New Delhi (November 2024), and other high-level engagements.
Why it matters to India
India and Russia maintain a longstanding strategic partnership, encompassing defence, energy, trade, and multilateral cooperation. These consultations reinforce the commitment to deepening economic and technological collaborations while addressing regional and global challenges. Strengthening India-Russia ties remains crucial amid evolving geopolitical dynamics, particularly in the Indo-Pacific and Eurasian regions. The continuation of high-level dialogues ensures progress on key initiatives and sustains momentum in bilateral cooperation.
March 7, 2025
- → China Calls for Stronger India Ties Amid LAC Talks
- → Jaishankar: India’s Diplomacy Rooted in Confidence, Not Neutrality
- → Jaishankar’s Dublin Visit Boosts India-EU Free Trade Prospects
What happened?
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi has called for closer India-China cooperation, advocating a “Dragon and Elephant Dance” approach to bilateral relations. His remarks came following a meeting with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Johannesburg in February 2025.
The two sides discussed ongoing diplomatic negotiations over the Line of Actual Control (LAC), particularly disengagement efforts in Eastern Ladakh, where tensions have persisted since 2020. A previous meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping in Russia in October 2024 marked the beginning of new disengagement efforts.
Why it matters to India:
While China’s call for deeper cooperation suggests a diplomatic thaw, India remains cautious, given Beijing’s past reluctance to restore the LAC status quo. New Delhi prioritizes sovereignty and border security while keeping diplomatic channels open. Strengthened ties could provide economic and geopolitical leverage, but trust remains a challenge.
What happened?
During an interaction with the Indian community in Dublin, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar emphasised that India’s diplomacy is not about neutrality but about strategic decision-making. He stated that neutrality is often a sign of weakness and that India’s approach is now rooted in confidence and self-interest.
Jaishankar also discussed India’s post-colonial resurgence, noting the country’s rapid growth and increasing global influence. He highlighted Ireland’s economic achievements and the potential for deeper India-Ireland collaboration in research, trade, and education.
Why it matters to India:
Jaishankar’s remarks reflect India’s assertive foreign policy stance, moving from historical non-alignment towards a more interest-driven approach. Strengthening ties with smaller but influential nations like Ireland helps India expand its diplomatic and economic footprint in Europe while ensuring a diversified trade and technology partnership.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited Dublin on February 20, 2025, marking the first high-level Indian visit to Ireland since 2015. During his visit, he met with Irish President Michael Higgins and other officials to discuss strengthening bilateral relations, particularly in trade, technology, and education.
A key focus of discussions was the India-European Union Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which has been under negotiation for 23 years. Jaishankar expressed optimism that the agreement could be concluded by the end of 2025, following a recent high-level visit by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and 21 commissioners to India.
Why it matters to India:
Ireland, as an EU member, plays a crucial role in India’s broader engagement with Europe. Strengthening ties with Ireland could facilitate smoother negotiations for the FTA, which aims to boost trade, technology partnerships, and investment. The EU is India’s second-largest trading partner, accounting for 12.2% of total trade. A successful deal would further India’s push to diversify trade relationships amid evolving global economic dynamics.
March 6, 2025
- → Trump’s Shift Toward Multipolarity Aligns with India’s Interests, Says Jaishankar
- → EAM Jaishankar Outlines India’s Foreign Policy and Regional Strategy at Chatham House, UK
- → EAM Jaishankar and UK Foreign Secretary Discuss Strategic Ties, Global Issues in London
- → India’s CDS Gen Anil Chauhan Strengthens Defence Ties in First Visit to Australia
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar stated that the US administration under President Donald Trump is moving toward a multipolar world, a development that aligns with India’s strategic interests. Speaking at Chatham House in London, he highlighted Trump’s emphasis on fair burden-sharing within the Quad and confirmed ongoing bilateral trade pact discussions. He also expressed cautious optimism about the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations and discussed India’s diplomatic role in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its evolving ties with China.
Why it matters to India:
A multipolar global order benefits India by allowing it greater strategic autonomy in global affairs. Strengthening ties with the US on trade and security, particularly through the Quad, enhances India’s regional influence. India’s engagement in the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its efforts to stabilize relations with China further reflect its growing role in global diplomacy.
What happened?
On March 5th, 2025, External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar participated in a discussion with Bronwen Maddox, Director and Chief Executive of Chatham House, at an event co-hosted by Chatham House and the High Commission of India in London. The discussion covered India’s foreign policy approach, regional security dynamics, and global economic challenges.
Jaishankar provided updates on the India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA), highlighting its potential to enhance economic cooperation. He also addressed India’s regional engagements, particularly the challenges of maintaining balanced relations with China. On global economic stability, he clarified that while India does not pursue a policy to replace the US dollar, economic diversification discussions are gaining momentum, especially within BRICS.
The minister reaffirmed India’s commitment to multipolar global governance, emphasizing collaboration with the United States while advocating a broader power distribution. Responding to concerns about human rights, he described criticisms as politically motivated and stressed that India’s democratic institutions remain strong and committed to upholding fundamental rights.
Why it matters to India:
Jaishankar’s address at Chatham House reflects India’s growing strategic role in global affairs and its focus on maintaining stability in an evolving geopolitical landscape. Strengthening India-UK economic ties through the FTA aligns with India’s trade and investment priorities, while discussions on BRICS economic resilience highlight India’s approach to financial diversification. India’s emphasis on a multipolar world order and strong democratic foundations reinforces its position as a key global player. The visit also strengthens India’s diplomatic engagement with the UK, aligning with broader efforts to deepen political, economic, and security cooperation.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar held wide-ranging discussions with UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy during his on going official visit to the United Kingdom. The meeting, held at Chevening House, covered strategic coordination, political cooperation, trade deal negotiations, education, technology, mobility, and people-to-people exchanges. The discussions also addressed key geopolitical flashpoints, including the Ukraine conflict, developments in Bangladesh, West Asia, and the Commonwealth. The two sides agreed to formulate the next steps to further structure and strengthen bilateral ties.
Why it matters to India:
Jaishankar’s visit underscores India’s commitment to enhancing strategic cooperation with the UK at a critical geopolitical juncture. Strengthening diplomatic, economic, and security ties with London aligns with India’s broader foreign policy goals in the Indo-Pacific and beyond. With ongoing trade deal negotiations and growing bilateral investments, India’s engagement with the UK remains crucial for economic growth and technological collaboration. The UK’s evolving approach to global crises, particularly in Ukraine and Bangladesh, has direct implications for India’s strategic calculations. Additionally, Labour party’s renewed outreach to India signals potential shifts in the India-UK relationship ahead of political changes in Westminster.
What happened?
On 5 March 2025, India’s Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan visited Australia, marking the first-ever visit by an Indian CDS. He was hosted in Canberra by Australia’s Chief of the Defence Force, Admiral David Johnston. The visit included discussions with senior Australian defence leaders, focusing on strengthening bilateral defence cooperation. Key topics included interoperability, maritime domain awareness, reciprocal information sharing, and joint deployments. The visit followed that of US INDOPACOM Chief Admiral Samuel J. Paparo to India and coincided with a Chinese Navy task group maneuvering around Australia.
Why it matters to India:
General Chauhan’s visit reinforces India’s strategic partnership with Australia, a crucial partner in maintaining security in the Indo-Pacific. As India and Australia engage through bilateral, trilateral, and quadrilateral frameworks, this visit enhances joint military exercises and defence collaboration. The focus on maritime security and intelligence sharing aligns with India’s broader Indo-Pacific strategy, ensuring regional stability amid increasing Chinese naval activities. Strengthening defence ties with Australia also complements India’s growing security cooperation with the United States and other QUAD partners.
March 5, 2025
- → Piyush Goyal’s US Visit Aims to Ease Trade Tensions Amid Tariff Concerns
- → First container train from India to Kazakhstan launched
- → India-Nepal Discuss Cross-Border Railway Projects, Strengthen Cooperation
- → India-Vietnam Hold 4th Policy Planning Dialogue in New Delhi
- → India and UK Strengthen Ties with New Indian Consulates and Trade Talks
What happened?
India’s Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal is in the US to advance discussions on the Bilateral Trade Agreement and address concerns over potential tariffs. Talks with US officials will focus on market access and trade facilitation, with India seeking to counterbalance proposed reciprocal tariffs by the US.
Why it matters to India:
With the US looking to diversify away from Chinese imports, India has a key opportunity to expand its exports. However, potential US tariffs on Indian goods could affect key sectors, including automobiles and agriculture. Goyal’s visit is crucial for mitigating trade risks and ensuring favourable terms for India’s exports.
What happened?
Three major logistics and rail companies in Asia have collaborated to launch the first-ever India-Kazakhstan container train, marking a significant milestone in international freight transport. The train, consisting of 12 twenty-foot containers, is traveling from the Indian port of Mundra to Sorokovaya station in Kazakhstan via the India-Iran-Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan route. The journey includes 1,585 km by sea and 4,300 km by rail.
Why it matters to India:
This new service is designed to facilitate more efficient trade and logistics between the countries, cutting down delivery times and expanding transport networks across the region. The Mundra port has long served as a major hub for Indian exports, and this new container train service adds an exciting new option for transporting goods from India to Central Asia. This new trade route boosts India’s connectivity with Central Asia, reducing reliance on traditional sea routes and enhancing supply chain efficiency. By improving trade logistics, India strengthens economic ties with Kazakhstan and other transit countries, countering China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the region.
What happened?
India and Nepal held the 9th Project Steering Committee and 7th Joint Working Group meetings in New Delhi from 27–28 February 2025 to review bilateral railway cooperation. Discussions focused on the progress of the Jaynagar-Bijalpura-Bardibas and Jogbani-Biratnagar railway lines, technical collaboration, and capacity-building efforts. The Nepali delegation also visited the Indian Railways Institute of Transport Management in Lucknow and Ayodhya.
Why it matters to India:
Enhancing railway connectivity with Nepal aligns with India’s broader regional integration strategy, fostering stronger economic and trade ties. These railway links facilitate cross-border trade, ease passenger movement, and enhance India’s role as a development partner. Improved connectivity also counters Chinese infrastructure investments in Nepal.
What happened?
India and Vietnam held the 4th Policy Planning Dialogue in New Delhi on 4 March 2025. Discussions, led by Joint Secretary (Policy Planning & Research) Raghuram S from India and Director General Le Dinh Tinh from Vietnam, covered regional and global issues, including developments in the Indo-Pacific and multilateral institutions. The Vietnamese delegation also met Secretary (East) Jaideep Mazumdar.
Why it matters to India:
India and Vietnam share strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific, particularly concerning maritime security and regional stability. Strengthening diplomatic dialogue with Vietnam supports India’s Act East Policy, enhances defence cooperation, and reinforces India’s engagement with ASEAN nations. The dialogue also aids in countering China’s influence in the region.
What happened?
The UK has announced the opening of two new Indian consulates in Belfast and Manchester, highlighting the growing bilateral ties between the two nations. UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy, during his meeting with External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar, emphasised the importance of deepening trade and security cooperation. The UK and India are working to enhance their £41 billion trading relationship, with renewed trade discussions in Delhi.
Why it matters to India:
The expansion of India’s diplomatic presence in the UK will strengthen trade and economic cooperation, support the Indian diaspora, and enhance regional engagement beyond London. As the UK government prioritises economic growth and security under its “Plan for Change,” closer collaboration with India presents new opportunities in trade and investment.
March 4, 2025
- → India’s R&D Spending Doubles in a Decade, Driving Innovation in Deep-Tech
- → Defence Secretary Submits IAF Capability Enhancement Report to Defence Minister
- → India and Nepal Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation in Water and Sanitation
- → EAM Jaishankar to Visit UK and Ireland to Strengthen Strategic Partnerships
- → Belgium to Appoint Military Attaché in India, Strengthening Defence Ties
What happened
India’s gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) has more than doubled from ₹60,196 crore in 2013-14 to ₹1.27 lakh crore in 2023-24, according to Union Minister Jitendra Singh. Speaking at the DISHA event in New Delhi on 3 March 2025, he highlighted key areas of growth, including artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and quantum computing. He also emphasised the role of private sector participation in strategic fields such as space and nuclear research.
Why it matters to India?
Increased R&D investment is crucial for India’s ambition to become a global leader in deep-tech innovation. Strengthening the research ecosystem through government funding, industry partnerships, and private sector involvement enhances India’s technological competitiveness. The DISHA initiative further supports high-impact research, positioning India as an innovation hub for the future.
What happened
On 3 March 2025, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh presented the report of the Empowered Committee for Capability Enhancement of the Indian Air Force (IAF) to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. The report outlines short, medium, and long-term strategies to strengthen the IAF’s operational capacity. It also highlights the role of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), and private industry in advancing self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta) in aerospace. The Defence Minister has directed the timely implementation of key recommendations.
Why it matters to India?
Enhancing IAF capabilities is essential for India’s national security, particularly amid evolving regional threats. Strengthening indigenous defence production aligns with Aatmanirbhar Bharat, reducing dependence on foreign suppliers. The report’s recommendations could drive new technological advancements, boosting India’s aerospace and defence industry.
What happened
India and Nepal signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 3 March 2025 in New Delhi to strengthen collaboration in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. The agreement was signed in the presence of India’s Minister of Jal Shakti C.R. Patil and Nepal’s Minister of Water Supply Pradeep Yadav. The MoU includes initiatives in groundwater management, technology transfer, and training for Nepali personnel in water resource management.
Why it matters to India?
Water security is a key component of India-Nepal relations, and this MoU strengthens cooperation on critical sustainability challenges. By sharing expertise and best practices, India can support Nepal’s efforts to improve sanitation and clean water access while reinforcing diplomatic ties. The initiative also aligns with India’s broader regional approach to development partnerships in South Asia.
What happened
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar is on an official visit to the United Kingdom and Ireland from 4-9 March 2025. In the UK, he will hold discussions with Foreign Secretary David Lammy and meet key officials and Indian community representatives. India and the UK share a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, covering defence, trade, health, and education. In Ireland, Jaishankar will meet his counterpart Simon Harris on 6-7 March, focusing on bilateral cooperation.
Why it matters to India?
Strengthening ties with the UK could accelerate trade negotiations, enhance security collaboration, and boost educational exchanges. Deepening engagement with Ireland provides an opportunity to expand economic cooperation and reinforce India’s diplomatic presence in Europe. The visit underscores India’s commitment to fostering robust strategic partnerships.
What happened
Belgium’s Defence Minister Theo Francken announced that a military attaché will be posted at the Belgian Embassy in New Delhi for the first time. The decision follows his meeting with Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on 3 March 2025, where both sides discussed enhancing defence cooperation. Francken highlighted the growing importance of India-Belgium security ties, particularly in light of geopolitical tensions in the Indo-Pacific. He also emphasised Belgium’s need for stronger defence capabilities and Europe’s increasing reliance on India for weapons and ammunition.
Why it matters to India?
Belgium’s decision to appoint a military attaché signals deeper security engagement with India, particularly in defence industry collaboration. This move aligns with India’s growing strategic partnerships in Europe and could pave the way for increased military-industrial cooperation. Additionally, Belgium’s focus on Indo-Pacific security and maritime cooperation enhances India’s positioning as a key player in regional stability.
March 3, 2025
- → India Hosts Executive Capacity Building Programme on Human Rights for Global South
- → 12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum Begins
- → EAM Jaishankar Meets Belgium’s Foreign Minister Ahead of Economic Mission
- → CDS General Anil Chauhan Embarks on Official Visit to Australia
What happened
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India, in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), is organising a six-day Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Executive Capacity Building Programme on human rights from 3-8 March 2025 in New Delhi. The programme aims to enhance awareness and capacity-building among senior National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) functionaries from 14 Global South countries, including Madagascar, Uganda, Nigeria, and Egypt. It will be inaugurated by NHRC Chairperson Justice V. Ramasubramanian on 3 March 2025.
Why it matters to India
Strengthening South-South cooperation in human rights governance reinforces India’s global leadership in capacity building and institutional collaboration. By sharing its experiences and best practices, India enhances its diplomatic engagement with emerging economies. The initiative also fosters deeper international partnerships, promoting India’s role as a key advocate for human rights protection in the Global South.
What happened
The 12th Regional 3R and Circular Economy Forum in Asia and the Pacific was inaugurated in Jaipur on 3 March 2025, bringing together global leaders to discuss sustainable urban development. Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs Manohar Lal announced the launch of the Cities Coalition for Circularity (C-3), a digital platform for knowledge-sharing between cities and technical institutions. Agreements worth ₹1,800 crore will be signed under CITIIS 2.0, benefiting 18 cities across 14 states for waste management and circular economy initiatives.
Why it matters to India
As India strengthens its leadership in global sustainability efforts, initiatives like the P-3 (Pro Planet People) approach and Mission LiFE align with its commitment to a low-carbon economy. The forum provides a platform for India to showcase its circular economy initiatives while fostering international cooperation in waste management, recycling, and resource efficiency. The agreements under CITIIS 2.0 will drive urban sustainability and innovation, setting a benchmark for other cities.
What happened
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met Belgium’s Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot at Hyderabad House on 3 March 2025, ahead of Princess Astrid’s visit to India. The two ministers discussed expanding cooperation in semiconductors, AI, clean energy, and innovation. Jaishankar highlighted Belgium’s historical ties with India and the steady growth of trade and industrial relations. He also welcomed the arrival of Princess Astrid, who is leading a Belgian economic mission with representatives from 180 companies.
Why it matters to India
Belgium is a key trade and investment partner for India, and the visit marks a significant opportunity to strengthen economic ties. With a focus on technology and innovation, the discussions could lead to enhanced collaboration in India’s Make in India and Design in India initiatives. The participation of Belgian businesses also signals growing European interest in India’s expanding market.
What happened
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan will visit Australia from 4-7 March 2025 to strengthen defence ties between the two nations. He will hold discussions with senior Australian defence officials, including Chief of Defence Force General Admiral David Johnston and Secretary of Defence Greg Moriarty. General Chauhan will also visit the Force Command Headquarters, the Australian Defence College, and the Lowy Institute, where he will address strategic challenges in the Indo-Pacific.
Why it matters to India
The visit highlights the growing India-Australia defence partnership, particularly under the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Strengthening military cooperation aligns with India’s Indo-Pacific strategy, enhancing maritime security and operational coordination. The discussions on joint operations, military training, and technology collaboration further reinforce India’s efforts to diversify its security partnerships in the region.
March 1, 2025
- → Bangladesh Delegation to Visit India for Ganga Water Treaty Talks
- → Design to Shape India’s Future Growth
- → Key Outcomes from EU Commission President’s Visit
What happened?
A high-level delegation from Bangladesh’s Ministry of Irrigation, led by Joint River Commission member Mohammad Abdul Hossain, will arrive in Kolkata on 3 March 2025 for a five-day visit. The delegation will examine the Farakka Barrage on 5 March and hold high-level meetings with Indian officials on 6-7 March to discuss the renewal of the Ganga Water Treaty. The treaty, signed in 1996, is set to expire next year, and Bangladesh is expected to push for increased water allocation. India’s Ministry of Jal Shakti has requested additional security arrangements for the delegation during its visit.
Why it matters to India:
Water-sharing has long been a contentious issue in India-Bangladesh relations, with past disputes over the Teesta River agreement still unresolved. Bangladesh’s request for additional Ganges water could face opposition from the West Bengal government, which has previously resisted similar agreements due to resource constraints. Any friction over the treaty could impact broader India-Bangladesh ties, which also include trade and security cooperation. The outcome of these negotiations will be crucial in determining the future of water diplomacy between the two neighbours.
What happened?
Union Minister of Commerce & Industry Piyush Goyal, addressing the 44th Convocation Ceremony of the National Institute of Design (NID) on 27 February 2025, underscored the role of design as a driver of innovation and economic growth. Highlighting Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Make in India and Design in India vision, he called on graduates to position India as a global design hub. Goyal stressed the importance of design in diverse fields, from space exploration to gaming, and cited India’s Chandrayaan mission as an example of design excellence. The event saw the participation of President Droupadi Murmu, Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendrabhai Patel, and other dignitaries.
Why it matters to India:
India’s design sector is poised to play a crucial role in its industrial transformation, particularly in emerging areas such as semiconductors, audio-visual technology, and sustainable product development. Strengthening India’s design ecosystem will enhance global competitiveness and boost manufacturing capabilities, aligning with the country’s push for self-reliance. With 430 new graduates entering the field, the NID convocation also signals a growing talent pool ready to drive innovation and contribute to India’s creative economy.
What happened?
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen’s visit to India from 27-28 February 2025 marked a pivotal moment in India-EU relations, advancing discussions on trade, technology, and strategic cooperation. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to concluding the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) within the year, reflecting a political urgency to overcome trade barriers. The India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) also made progress in critical areas such as semiconductors, AI, and 6G, highlighting a shared goal of technological sovereignty. The EU reinforced its support for India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), aligning with India’s vision for regional security. Additionally, green energy and digital collaboration emerged as priority areas, with plans for joint initiatives and funding.
Why it matters to India:
The visit signals a shift from dialogue to concrete action in India-EU ties, strengthening India’s role as a key economic and strategic partner in Europe’s global vision. Advancements in the FTA could boost bilateral trade beyond the current $137.5 billion, opening new markets for Indian businesses. Enhanced cooperation in critical technologies and green energy aligns with India’s long-term economic strategy while reducing external dependencies. The EU’s deeper engagement in Indo-Pacific security also reinforces India’s geopolitical standing. However, challenges remain in negotiating contentious trade issues, making the next steps crucial for the success of this partnership.
February 28, 2025
- → India, EU Strengthen Defence Cooperation with High-Level Talks in Delhi
- → India, EU Hold 2nd Trade and Technology Council Meeting in Delhi
- → India, EU Commit to Finalising Free Trade Deal in 2025
- → India, EU Hold Bilateral Talks on Connectivity, IMEC, and Security
- → European Commission President Calls for Stronger India-EU Strategic Ties
What happened?
On 28 February 2025, India’s Raksha Rajya Mantri Sanjay Seth met European Commission’s Defence & Space Commissioner Andrius Kubilius in New Delhi to discuss strengthening India-EU defence cooperation. Talks focused on maritime security, information sharing in the Indo-Pacific, and European defence firms’ participation in Indian joint production initiatives. They also explored India’s involvement in EU defence programs like Permanent Structured Cooperation.
Why it matters to India?
As India seeks to modernise its defence sector and reduce reliance on traditional suppliers, deeper engagement with the EU could provide access to advanced technologies and industrial collaborations. Strengthening maritime security ties with the EU aligns with India’s Indo-Pacific strategy, enhancing its presence in key trade routes. Increased cooperation in defence manufacturing could also support India’s ‘Make in India’ initiative by attracting European investments in joint production ventures.
What happened?
The second India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) meeting took place in New Delhi on 28 February 2025, with key ministers from both sides discussing digital partnerships, clean energy initiatives, and trade resilience. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, along with Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, met EU representatives, including Executive Vice-President Henna Virkkunen and Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic. Discussions covered semiconductors, AI, 6G, electric vehicles, and green hydrogen.
Why it matters to India?
The TTC provides a structured framework for India and the EU to enhance cooperation in emerging technologies and strategic industries. Strengthening trade and technology ties with the EU can help India reduce supply chain dependencies, expand investment opportunities, and accelerate its digital and clean energy transition. The TTC also reinforces India’s positioning as a critical partner in the evolving global trade and technology landscape.
What happened?
On 28 February 2025, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen agreed to push for the conclusion of the India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) within the year. Speaking in New Delhi ahead of talks with Modi, von der Leyen called for an “ambitious” deal covering key sectors such as semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, clean hydrogen, and defence. Talks, which resumed in 2021 after an eight-year pause, remain stalled over tariff issues and market access demands.
Why it matters to India?
The EU is India’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade reaching $137.5 billion in 2023-24. A successful FTA could unlock new export opportunities for Indian businesses while ensuring greater access to European markets. However, key challenges, including high EU tariffs on Indian goods and India’s reluctance to reduce duties on automobiles and alcohol, need resolution. A deal would strengthen India’s trade resilience amid shifting global supply chains and protectionist trends.
What happened?
On 28 February 2025, India and the European Union (EU) held a bilateral cluster meeting in New Delhi, focusing on key issues such as connectivity, the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), green energy, mobility and talent, security, the Mediterranean region, and EU expansion.
Why it matters to India?
Strengthening connectivity with the EU through IMEC and other economic corridors aligns with India’s efforts to enhance trade and infrastructure linkages across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Deeper engagement in green energy and mobility cooperation supports India’s transition to a sustainable economy while boosting talent exchange and investment opportunities. The meeting also reaffirmed India’s strategic role in regional security discussions, particularly in the Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific, reinforcing its position as a key global partner for Europe.
What happened?
Speaking at an event hosted by India’s World on 28 February 2025, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen highlighted the growing strategic alignment between India and the EU. She underscored shared interests in economic resilience, technology cooperation, and security, while announcing plans for an India-EU Security and Defence Partnership covering cross-border terrorism, cyber security, and maritime security.
Why it matters to India?
The EU’s renewed focus on India as a strategic partner signals deeper trade, technology, and security collaboration. A formal security partnership could enhance India’s defence capabilities through technology-sharing and joint industrial projects. With growing geopolitical tensions, India stands to benefit from diversifying its security ties beyond traditional partners. Strengthening India-EU connectivity initiatives, such as the India-Middle East-Europe Corridor, can also bolster India’s trade routes and economic influence.
February 27, 2025
- → India Successfully Tests Indigenous Naval Anti-Ship Missile
- → Jaishankar Highlights India’s Commitment to Human Rights at UNHRC
- → India Navigates Global Trade Shifts with Increased Focus on Bilateral Agreements
- → Call for Quality Improvement in Indian Trade to Boost Global Competitiveness
What happened?
On 25 February 2025, the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully conducted flight trials of the Naval Anti-Ship Missile (NASM-SR) at the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur. Launched from an Indian Naval Sea King helicopter, the missile demonstrated its “Man-in-Loop” capability, allowing in-flight retargeting. It uses an indigenous Imaging Infra-Red Seeker for terminal guidance and successfully hit a small ship target in sea-skimming mode.
Why it matters to India:
The successful trial of NASM-SR enhances India’s naval warfare capabilities and strengthens defence self-reliance under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative. The missile’s ability to retarget mid-flight improves operational flexibility in combat. Developed with contributions from MSMEs and startups, this achievement highlights India’s growing domestic defence ecosystem, reducing reliance on foreign technology.
What happened?
On 25 February 2025, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar addressed the 58th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in Geneva, reaffirming India’s commitment to human rights. He highlighted India’s constitutional values of justice, liberty, and equality, and its efforts in poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, and digital inclusion. Jaishankar also underscored India’s engagement with UN human rights mechanisms.
Why it matters to India:
India’s stance at the UNHRC is crucial for reinforcing its image as a responsible democracy, particularly amid scrutiny from Western nations and international organisations. By showcasing governance reforms and social development initiatives, India strengthens its diplomatic influence and counters narratives that challenge its human rights record.
What happened?
On 27 February 2025, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, speaking at Business Standard’s ‘Manthan’ summit, highlighted the global shift towards bilateralism in trade and investment. She stated that multilateral institutions like the World Trade Organization (WTO) are becoming less effective, requiring India to pursue stronger bilateral agreements. India has initiated trade negotiations with key partners, including the UK, US, and European Union.
Why it matters to India:
As multilateral trade frameworks weaken, securing favourable bilateral agreements will be essential for India’s global economic standing. Strengthened trade ties with major economies can improve market access, attract investment, and enhance India’s competitiveness. Proactively shaping new trade partnerships ensures India remains resilient amid changing global trade dynamics.
What happened?
On 27 February 2025, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal, speaking at the IMC Bharat Calling Conference in Mumbai, stressed the need for India to engage actively in international trade to achieve developed nation status. He highlighted the importance of supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and warned against predatory pricing practices that harm domestic manufacturers. He also advocated for the adoption of precast construction methods for efficiency and sustainability.
Why it matters to India:
As India aims to become a $5 trillion economy, strengthening MSMEs and enhancing product quality is crucial for global competitiveness. By discouraging substandard imports and supporting domestic industries, India can improve its trade balance and manufacturing ecosystem. The adoption of advanced construction and energy-efficient technologies aligns with the country’s infrastructure and sustainability goals.
February 26, 2025
- → Australia Unveils Roadmap to Strengthen Economic Ties with India
- → Indian Army Procures 223 ACADA Systems to Boost Chemical Warfare Defence
- → India’s First Indigenous Semiconductor Chip Ready for Production in 2025
- → EAM emphasises the role of the NE region in India’s Act East Policy
What happened?
On 26 February 2025, Australia launched a strategic roadmap to deepen trade and investment ties with India, identifying clean energy, education, agribusiness, and tourism as key growth sectors. The plan includes a $16 million Australia-India Trade and Investment Accelerator Fund and an additional $4 million for the Maitri Grants programme to enhance bilateral engagement. Australia also aims to finalise a new free trade agreement with India, building on the existing Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA).
Why it matters to India:
Australia’s push for closer economic ties aligns with India’s objective of diversifying trade partnerships and reducing dependence on China. The roadmap presents new investment and market opportunities, particularly in critical sectors like renewable energy and technology. Strengthened economic engagement enhances India’s position in the Indo-Pacific, reinforcing strategic partnerships that support regional stability and growth.
What happened?
On 25 February 2025, the Indian Army signed a contract worth ₹80.43 crore with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) to procure 223 Automatic Chemical Agent Detection and Alarm (ACADA) systems under the Buy Indian (IDDM) category. Developed by DRDO’s Defence Research and Development Establishment, the ACADA system enhances the Army’s ability to detect chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals using Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS). Over 80% of the system’s components are sourced locally, strengthening domestic defence manufacturing.
Why it matters to India:
This procurement aligns with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, boosting India’s self-reliance in critical defence technologies. The ACADA system significantly enhances the Indian Army’s defensive capabilities against chemical threats in both operational and peacetime scenarios, including disaster response to industrial accidents. Its indigenous production fosters domestic research and development, reducing reliance on foreign suppliers in the niche domain of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) defence.
What happened?
At the Global Investors Summit 2025, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that India’s first domestically manufactured semiconductor chip will be ready for production by 2025. He highlighted the rapid growth of electronics manufacturing in Madhya Pradesh, where two electronic clusters have been established in Bhopal and Jabalpur. The government is also training 85,000 engineers in semiconductor and electronics manufacturing, alongside an investment of ₹150 crore in a new IT campus in Bhopal.
Why it matters to India:
The development of an indigenous semiconductor chip is a crucial step towards reducing India’s dependence on imports in a strategically vital sector. As the global semiconductor industry faces supply chain disruptions, India’s ability to produce chips domestically strengthens its technological sovereignty and economic security. The initiative supports India’s ambition to become a global electronics hub, fostering investment, employment, and innovation in high-tech manufacturing.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar addressed the ‘Advantage Assam 2.0’ summit on 25 February 2025, emphasising the role of Assam and the Northeast (NE) in India’s Act East Policy. He highlighted key infrastructure projects, including roads, railways, and waterways, that strengthen connectivity with neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Myanmar. He also underscored ASEAN’s role as a strategic partner and the importance of the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway.
Why it matters to India:
Northeast India plays a pivotal role in India’s diplomatic and economic engagement with Southeast Asia. Improved connectivity and trade linkages with ASEAN nations enhance India’s regional influence, strengthen economic integration, and create new investment opportunities. The summit reaffirmed the Modi government’s commitment to developing the Northeast as a gateway to the Indo-Pacific, boosting trade, tourism, and geopolitical partnerships.
February 25, 2025
- → India Abstains on UN Resolutions on Ukraine
- → India-UNODA Capacity Building Programme on UNSC Resolution 1540 and Strategic Trade Controls
- → EAM Highlights India’s Role in Global Health Diplomacy at International Health Dialogue
- → Defence Ministry Panel Explores Greater Private Sector Role in India’s AMCA Fighter Jet Project
What happened?
India abstained from multiple UN General Assembly resolutions on Ukraine on Feb 24, 2025. where the United States took an unexpected stance by siding with Russia on certain amendments. Marking the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion, a resolution condemning Moscow passed with reduced support compared to previous years. The US initially backed a neutral resolution but later abstained after France-led amendments named Russia as the aggressor. The shift in US policy aligns with ongoing direct talks between Washington and Moscow to negotiate an end to the war.
Why it matters to India?
India’s neutral stance reflects its strategic balancing between the West and Russia, a key defence and energy partner. As the conflict continues to reshape global alliances, India must navigate its diplomatic position carefully. Avoiding entanglement in geopolitical conflicts allows India to focus on economic growth and regional security while maintaining strong bilateral relations with multiple global powers.
What happened?
The Government of India, in collaboration with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), is hosting the first-ever Capacity Building Programme on UNSC Resolution 1540 and Strategic Trade Controls for Asia-Pacific countries. The event is taking place at the National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics (NACIN), Palasamudram, from February 25-27, 2025. A total of 24 government experts, experts from the UNSC 1540 Committee, UNODA, India’s Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, the National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention, the Department of Biotechnology, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade, and the Ministry of External Affairs’ Disarmament and International Security Affairs Division are sharing insights and best practices on implementing UNSC Resolution 1540 and Strategic Trade Controls.
Why it matters to India?
This initiative reaffirms India’s strong commitment to non-proliferation and its role as a responsible global player in enforcing strategic trade controls. By leading such an engagement, India strengthens its diplomatic influence in the Asia-Pacific region and contributes to global security by promoting best practices in countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The programme also enhances India’s credibility in international disarmament frameworks, positioning it as a key player in shaping global non-proliferation policies.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar addressed the 12th International Health Dialogue in New Delhi, emphasizing India’s contributions to global health security. He highlighted India’s Vaccine Maitri initiative, medical aid to crisis-hit regions, and the role of Indian pharmaceuticals in ensuring accessible healthcare. He also discussed India’s digital health infrastructure and collaborations under the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine.
Why it matters to India?
India’s leadership in global health diplomacy enhances its soft power and strengthens partnerships with developing nations. By supporting vaccine distribution, medical aid, and healthcare innovation, India positions itself as a reliable partner in international health initiatives. This aligns with India’s broader strategy of using health diplomacy to build stronger geopolitical and economic ties.
What happened?
The Defence Ministry has formed a high-level committee under Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh to explore private sector participation in the development of India’s fifth-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA). The committee includes representatives from the Indian Air Force (IAF) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). Proposed models include joint ventures with private firms and increased outsourcing of jet manufacturing. Companies like Tata, L&T, and Godrej are already engaged in component production. The AMCA, designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), was recently showcased at Aero India 2025 in Bengaluru, featuring AI-powered capabilities for enhanced combat performance.
Why it matters to India?
Integrating private firms into the AMCA project will strengthen India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem and reduce reliance on foreign technology. This move aligns with the ‘Make in India’ initiative, boosting indigenous aerospace capabilities and creating new opportunities for private defence firms. Strengthening domestic production is also crucial as India seeks to modernize its air force and enhance national security.
February 24, 2025
- → India – UK resume FTA talks
- → India Hosts First Global South Conference on Women Peacekeepers
- → European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen to Visit India
- → Indian Army Chief Visits France to Enhance Military Ties
What happened?
UK Business and Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds reaffirmed the importance of the proposed India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in boosting jobs and prosperity. Reynolds, ahead of his meeting with Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal in New Delhi on February 24, emphasized the FTA’s potential to enhance trade in sectors such as advanced manufacturing, clean energy, and financial services. The talks, originally launched in 2022, were paused before elections in both countries and are now being resumed under the new UK Labour government. The UK is keen to secure a strategic economic partnership with India, including trade cooperation and deeper engagement in security and technology.
Why it matters to India?
The FTA is expected to significantly boost India’s exports, particularly in telecommunications and financial services, while also providing greater access to the UK market. India is prioritizing a threefold increase in exports to the UK by 2030, aligning with its $1 trillion merchandise export target. However, unresolved issues such as mobility for Indian professionals, tariffs on electric vehicles and alcoholic beverages, and the UK’s planned carbon border tax remain key negotiation points. Strengthening trade ties with the UK also helps India counter trade uncertainties stemming from evolving U.S. tariff policies.
What happened?
The first-ever “Women in Peacekeeping: A Global South Perspective” conference is set to take place in New Delhi from February 24-25, 2025. Organized by India’s Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Defence, and the Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping (CUNPK), the event will bring together women peacekeepers from 35 troop-contributing countries. UN representatives, including Under-Secretary-General Jean-Pierre Lacroix, will participate alongside global stakeholders to discuss gender representation in peacekeeping operations.
Why it matters to India?
India has been a strong advocate for increasing women’s participation in peacekeeping missions. This conference reinforces India’s leadership in global peacekeeping and its commitment to gender inclusivity in international security. Additionally, the event enhances India’s diplomatic outreach in the Global South, furthering its strategic position in multilateral engagements.
What happened?
At Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s invitation, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, along with the EU College of Commissioners, will visit India on February 27-28, 2025. This marks her third visit to India and the first collective visit of the EU Commissioners since their new mandate began in December 2024. The visit will include delegation-level talks, the second India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) meeting, and bilateral ministerial discussions.
Why it matters to India?
India and the EU share a strategic partnership that has grown over the years, with the EU being India’s largest trade partner in goods. Strengthening trade, technology cooperation, and economic security are key priorities. The visit will provide momentum to India-EU FTA negotiations and facilitate discussions on global trade, digital public infrastructure, and resilient supply chains. The EU’s stance on democratic values and global security also aligns with India’s broader geopolitical strategy.
What happened?
Chief of Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi began a four-day visit to France on February 24, aimed at strengthening India-France military cooperation. The visit includes meetings with French military leadership, discussions on defence collaboration, and visits to key institutions such as the École Militaire and Battle Lab Terre. General Dwivedi will also lay a wreath at the Neuve Chapelle Indian War Memorial to honour Indian soldiers from World War I.
Why it matters to India?
France is one of India’s closest defence partners, with collaborations spanning fighter jets, submarines, and space security. This visit is expected to reinforce strategic military ties and facilitate joint training programs, enhancing India’s defence modernization efforts. Strengthening military collaboration with France also helps India counter regional security threats and fortify its global defence partnerships.
February 22, 2025
- → Indian Army Joins Japan for Annual Dharma Guardian Exercise
- → India-China Dialogue Aims to Ease Tensions and Foster Cooperation
- → PM Modi to Attend Mauritius’ National Day as Guest of Honour
- → Reclassification of Minerals to Boost Critical Mineral Exploration
- → India Showcases Labour Market Innovations at G20 EWG Meeting
What happened?
An Indian Army contingent departed on 22 February 2025 for the sixth edition of Exercise Dharma Guardian, scheduled from 24 February to 9 March 2025 at the East Fuji Manoeuvre Training Area, Japan. The exercise, involving 120 personnel from India’s MADRAS Regiment and troops from Japan’s 34th Infantry Regiment, focuses on joint urban warfare and counter-terrorism operations under a UN mandate.
Why it matters to India:
Exercise Dharma Guardian enhances military interoperability between India and Japan, reinforcing defence ties and strategic cooperation. The joint drills improve operational capabilities, combat readiness, and coordination in urban warfare and disaster response. Strengthening India-Japan defence relations aligns with India’s broader Indo-Pacific strategy, promoting regional stability and shared security objectives.
What happened?
On 21 February 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Johannesburg. The ministers discussed border stability, the resumption of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, and plans to restore direct flights. They also reviewed broader cooperation within multilateral platforms like the G20 and SCO, marking a step towards normalising strained bilateral ties.
Why it matters to India:
The dialogue reflects India’s commitment to maintaining regional stability and resolving longstanding border issues with China. Resuming the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra and restoring air links signal a thaw in relations, fostering people-to-people ties. Strengthened diplomatic engagement supports India’s strategic interests in promoting peace and cooperation with China, crucial for regional and global stability.
What happened?
Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi will visit Mauritius on 11-12 March 2025 as the Guest of Honour for the nation’s 57th National Day celebrations. The invitation was extended by Mauritian Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam, who highlighted the significance of PM Modi’s presence, marking the enduring friendship between the two countries.
Why it matters to India:
PM Modi’s visit reinforces India’s long-standing strategic partnership with Mauritius, rooted in shared history, culture, and demography, with nearly 70% of Mauritius’ population being of Indian origin. This engagement aligns with India’s Neighbourhood First, Vision Sagar, Global South, and Africa Forward policies, which prioritise strengthening relations with key Indian Ocean nations. India’s support for Mauritius in its sovereignty claim over the Chagos Archipelago, successfully transferred from British to Mauritian control in October 2024, exemplifies the deep diplomatic trust between the two nations. Modi’s visit is expected to bolster defence, maritime cooperation, and economic partnerships while promoting people-to-people ties. Strengthening India’s presence in the Indian Ocean Region through Mauritius is crucial for ensuring regional security, countering emerging maritime challenges, and enhancing India’s role as a net security provider.
What happened?
The Ministry of Mines, through a gazette notification on 20 February 2025, reclassified Barytes, Felspar, Mica, and Quartz from minor to major minerals. This decision follows the Union Cabinet’s approval of the National Critical Mineral Mission on 29 January 2025, aimed at enhancing the exploration and recovery of critical minerals from various sources, including overburden and tailings. The reclassification seeks to encourage scientific mining and proper reporting of associated critical minerals like Lithium and Beryl, often overlooked under minor mineral leases.
Why it matters to India:
This strategic move supports India’s energy transition and technological ambitions by promoting the extraction of critical minerals essential for clean energy, electronics, and healthcare sectors. The new classification ensures better regulatory oversight, increased exploration, and optimal resource utilisation. It also aligns with India’s broader goal of reducing dependency on foreign sources for critical minerals, strengthening domestic supply chains, and fostering economic growth through enhanced mining activities.
What happened?
India actively participated in the first G20 Employment Working Group (EWG) Meeting under South Africa’s presidency, held from 18 to 21 February 2025 in Port Elizabeth. Led by Sumita Dawra, Secretary (Labour & Employment), India highlighted its achievements in leveraging technology for labour welfare, presenting case studies on the eShram and National Career Service (NCS) portals as global best practices. Bilateral meetings with ILO, OECD, Germany, and the Netherlands explored collaborations on skill mapping, AI’s impact on jobs, and living wage frameworks.
Why it matters to India:
India’s participation underscores its leadership in promoting inclusive growth and digitalisation in labour markets. By showcasing platforms like eShram and NCS, India positions itself as a pioneer in using technology to bridge labour market gaps and extend social security to informal workers. Bilateral engagements further India’s efforts to integrate into global labour frameworks, enhance skill recognition, and prepare its workforce for future challenges, strengthening its global workforce contribution.
February 21, 2025
- → India to Accept Taliban Representative for Afghan Embassy
- → Bhutan PM Tshering Tobgay Arrives in India for a 3-Day Visit
- → Jaishankar, Lavrov Discuss US-Russia Talks on Ending Ukraine War
- → India Calls for Global Stability at G20 Ministerial in South Africa
- → Border coordination conference between BSF and BGB concludes
What happened?
India is expected to allow a senior Taliban representative to oversee the Afghan embassy in New Delhi, marking a shift in its engagement with the Taliban-led government. While India will not officially recognize the Taliban regime, the move reflects its evolving strategy to maintain diplomatic channels and counter China’s growing influence in Afghanistan. Najib Shaheen and Shawkat Ahmadzai are considered frontrunners for the position. India has resumed trade talks with the Taliban and recently stationed an Afghan administrator in Mumbai for consular services.
Why it matters to India?
India’s decision to engage with the Taliban is a pragmatic step to safeguard its strategic and economic interests in Afghanistan. With China expanding its investments in Afghan infrastructure and mining, India seeks to maintain a foothold in the region. Given Afghanistan’s role in regional security and connectivity projects, diplomatic engagement allows India to navigate the complex geopolitical landscape while protecting its investments and countering regional adversaries.
What happened?
Prime Minister of Bhutan Tshering Tobgay arrived in New Delhi on February 20, 2025 on a three-day visit to India. Mr. Tobgay will hold a meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his visit and he will also participate in the SOUL Leadership Conclave as the keynote speaker. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the first SOUL Leadership Conclave in Delhi on February 23. The event marks the formal launch of the Gandhinagar-based School of Ultimate Learning (SOUL), which will provide leadership training from 2027. Bhutanese Prime Minister Dasho Tshering Tobgay will be the Guest of Honour, alongside notable Indian leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs.
Why it matters to India?
SOUL aims to cultivate leadership among India’s youth, aligning with the government’s focus on skill development and capacity building. The conclave enhances India’s educational and diplomatic outreach, with Bhutan’s participation reinforcing bilateral ties. As India aspires to be a global knowledge hub, initiatives like SOUL strengthen its intellectual and leadership capital.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov on the sidelines of the G20 ministerial in Johannesburg to discuss developments in the Ukraine conflict, including Lavrov’s recent meeting with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Riyadh. The talks focused on restarting diplomatic engagement and potential de-escalation measures. India reiterated its call for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve the war.
Why it matters to India?
India has maintained a neutral stance on the Russia-Ukraine conflict while balancing its strategic partnerships with both Russia and the West. The evolving US-Russia talks could impact global economic stability and energy security—both vital to India. Additionally, India’s engagement with all stakeholders reinforces its role as a bridge between conflicting global powers.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar addressed the G20 Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Johannesburg on February 20, emphasizing the need for global stability. He highlighted concerns about conflicts, financial pressures, and technological disruptions. India welcomed the ceasefire in Gaza, advocated a two-state solution, and reaffirmed its commitment to maritime security in the Indo-Pacific. Jaishankar also called for UN Security Council reforms, stressing the importance of multilateralism and international law.
Why it matters to India?
India’s stance at the G20 underscores its growing role as a global stabilizer and advocate for balanced diplomacy. Given its dependence on Middle Eastern energy supplies and trade routes, stability in the region remains crucial. Additionally, India’s push for UN reforms aligns with its aspirations for a permanent Security Council seat, reinforcing its influence in shaping global governance.
What happened?
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) Director General Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman denied recent reports of attacks on minorities in Bangladesh, calling them media exaggerations. Speaking at the conclusion of the 55th Director General-level border coordination conference with India’s Border Security Force (BSF) in New Delhi from February 17-20, he stated that such attacks “did not happen.” He cited the peaceful conduct of Durga Puja celebrations and security measures provided by BGB as evidence. The BGB DG also raised objections to India’s border fencing projects, requesting joint inspections before further construction.
Why it matters to India?
India has consistently raised concerns over attacks on Hindu minorities in Bangladesh. The Indian government reported 76 incidents targeting Hindus in Bangladesh between November 26, 2024, and January 25, 2025. Given India’s close economic and strategic ties with Bangladesh, maintaining communal harmony in the neighbouring country is crucial. Furthermore, Bangladesh’s border security policies impact infiltration and cross-border smuggling, which remain key issues for India’s northeastern states.
February 20, 2025
- → India Projected to Become High-Income Country with $23–$35 Trillion GDP by 2047
- → IN-SPACe Launches ₹500 Crore Fund to Boost India’s Space Startups
- → India and Nepal Strengthen Science and Technology Partnership with New Agreement
- → India, Argentina Sign MoU to Boost Lithium Exploration and Mining
- → Indian Navy’s First Training Squadron Concludes Cambodia Visit, Strengthens Maritime Ties
What happened?
India is expected to become a high-income nation by 2047 with a projected GDP of $23–$35 trillion, according to a report by Bain & Company and National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM). Sustained growth of 8–10%, driven by India’s demographic dividend, technological innovation, and sectoral shifts, will fuel this transformation. Key sectors like electronics, energy, chemicals, automotive, and services are identified as major growth drivers.
Why it matters to India:
Achieving high-income status would cement India’s position as a global economic leader. Growth in critical sectors, expansion of renewable energy, and technological advancements will boost exports, create jobs, and reduce energy dependence, supporting India’s long-term economic and strategic goals.
What happened?
The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) unveiled a ₹500 crore Technology Adoption Fund (TAF) on 19 February 2025 to support India’s space startups and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The fund will provide up to 60% of project costs for startups and MSMEs and 40% for larger industries, with a funding cap of ₹25 crore per project. Aimed at accelerating the development of indigenous space technologies, the fund will bridge the gap between early-stage innovation and commercialisation, while promoting job creation and economic growth in the space sector.
Why it matters to India:
The Technology Adoption Fund strengthens India’s efforts to build a self-reliant space ecosystem, reducing dependence on foreign technology and boosting domestic innovation. By supporting startups and MSMEs, the initiative aligns with India’s ambitions to emerge as a global space hub, fostering technological advancements and creating new economic opportunities. The fund also enhances public-private collaboration in the space sector, which is critical for sustaining India’s long-term space exploration and commercial goals.
What happened?
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 18 February 2025 to enhance bilateral cooperation in Science and Technology. The agreement, formalised in New Delhi, focuses on joint research, knowledge exchange, and capacity building in fields like biological sciences, nanotechnology, environmental technologies, and alternative energy. The MoU will facilitate scientific exchanges, collaborative research projects, and the sharing of research facilities between India and Nepal.
Why it matters to India:
The strengthened Science and Technology partnership with Nepal enhances India’s scientific diplomacy in the region, promoting cross-border collaboration in critical research areas. The agreement supports India’s goal of fostering innovation-driven growth while strengthening people-to-people and institutional ties with Nepal. Enhanced cooperation in areas like alternative energy and environmental technologies aligns with India’s broader sustainability and regional development goals.
What happened?
India and Argentina signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 19 February 2025 to strengthen cooperation in lithium exploration and mining. The MoU, signed between Mineral Exploration and Consultancy Limited (MECL) and the Provincial Government of Catamarca, focuses on deepening collaboration in critical mineral exploration. Union Minister for Coal and Mines G. Kishan Reddy met with Governor Raúl Alejandro Jalil of Catamarca in New Delhi to discuss investment opportunities and sustainable mining practices. The agreement highlights ongoing lithium exploration by Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL) and Greenko in Argentina’s lithium-rich regions.
Why it matters to India:
The MoU is pivotal for India’s efforts to secure critical minerals essential for its electric vehicle industry and renewable energy goals. Strengthening ties with Argentina, part of the global Lithium Triangle, helps diversify India’s mineral supply chains and reduce reliance on imports from strategic competitors. The agreement also aligns with India’s ambitions to become a global hub for clean energy technologies and supports its broader energy security goals.
What happened?
The Indian Navy’s First Training Squadron (1TS), comprising INS Sujata and ICGS Veera, concluded a three-day visit to Sihanoukville, Cambodia, on 17 February 2025. The visit included bilateral engagements with the Royal Cambodian Navy, focusing on cross-training, interoperability, and regional maritime security. Senior Indian naval officers met with Admiral Tea Vinh, Commander of the Royal Cambodian Navy, and other key officials. The Indian Navy handed over a Small Arms Simulator to the Royal Cambodian Army, hosted joint sports events, and organised guided ship tours for the Indian community in Sihanoukville.
Why it matters to India:
The visit reinforces India’s Act East Policy and its Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision, promoting maritime cooperation with Southeast Asian nations. Strengthening naval ties with Cambodia enhances India’s strategic outreach in the Indo-Pacific, counters growing Chinese influence, and contributes to regional security and stability. The exchange of training simulators and joint activities deepens defence ties while promoting goodwill and people-to-people connections.
February 19, 2025
- → India Donates Infantry Weapon Training Simulator to Royal Cambodian Army
- → Asia Economic Dialogue 2025 to Focus on Economic Resilience and AI
- → EAM Jaishankar to Attend G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in South Africa
- → India, Qatar Elevate Ties to Strategic Partnership During Amir’s Visit
- → India, Malaysia Strengthen Defence Ties at 13th MIDCOM Meeting
What happened?
India handed over an Infantry Weapon Training Simulator (IWTS) to the Royal Cambodian Army (RCA) on 17 February 2025 at a ceremony held at the RCA Headquarters. The event was presided over by General Mao Sophan, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces, and Vanlalvawna Bawitlung, Indian Ambassador to Cambodia.
Why it matters to India:
The donation reinforces India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific strategy, strengthening defence ties with Cambodia at a time of growing Chinese influence in Southeast Asia. The IWTS will bolster Cambodia’s military capabilities, promoting joint exercises and interoperability, as seen during the inaugural India-Cambodia bilateral military exercise, CINBAX, in December 2024. This engagement aligns with India’s broader goal of offering ASEAN partners alternatives to Chinese military support, ensuring regional stability, and maintaining a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific. Cambodia’s strategic location near the South China Sea makes it a key partner in India’s efforts to counterbalance Beijing’s expanding presence, including concerns over China’s control of Cambodia’s Ream Naval Base.
What happened?
The 9th edition of the Asia Economic Dialogue (AED) will take place from 20-22 February 2025 in Pune. Co-hosted by the Ministry of External Affairs and Pune International Centre, this year’s theme is “Economic Resilience and Resurgence in an Era of Fragmentation.” Discussions will cover AI, automation, cybersecurity, the blue economy, and the international monetary system. The event will bring together political leaders, policymakers, and industry experts.
Why it matters to India:
As global economic dynamics shift, the AED provides a key forum for India to shape discussions on emerging technologies, trade resilience, and economic cooperation. The focus on AI and automation aligns with India’s push for digital transformation and technological self-reliance. The dialogue also enhances India’s engagement with international economic stakeholders, reinforcing its role as a major voice in global economic governance.
What happened?
External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar will attend the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Johannesburg from 20-21 February 2025 at the invitation of South Africa’s Foreign Minister Ronald Lamola. On the sidelines, Jaishankar will hold bilateral meetings with counterparts from other G20 nations. The meeting will address key global challenges, with South Africa presiding over the G20 for 2024-25.
Why it matters to India:
India sees the G20 as a key platform to advocate for Global South priorities, particularly in trade, digital economy, and climate finance. South Africa’s presidency provides an opportunity to align with BRICS partners on economic and multilateral issues. Jaishankar’s participation reinforces India’s commitment to shaping the global agenda following its own G20 presidency in 2023.
What happened?
Qatar’s Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani visited India from 17-18 February 2025, where he met President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The two sides signed multiple agreements, including an ‘Agreement on the Establishment of Bilateral Strategic Partnership’. Qatar committed to investing $10 billion in India, while both countries agreed to explore a Free Trade Agreement and double bilateral trade by 2030. Cooperation on energy, security, fintech, and cultural exchanges was also strengthened.
Why it matters to India:
The upgraded strategic partnership signals Qatar’s growing role in India’s economic and energy security framework. The $10 billion investment commitment and financial collaborations, including the operationalisation of India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in Qatar, reflect deepening economic ties. The agreement to settle bilateral trade in local currencies also aligns with India’s efforts to internationalise the rupee. Enhanced cooperation in security and counterterrorism further strengthens India’s strategic presence in the Gulf region.
What happened?
India and Malaysia held the 13th Malaysia-India Defence Cooperation Committee (MIDCOM) meeting in Kuala Lumpur on 19 February 2025. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh and his Malaysian counterpart Lokman Hakim Bin Ali co-chaired the talks, focusing on defence industry collaboration, maritime security, multilateral engagements, and emerging areas like cybersecurity and AI. Both sides exchanged Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Strategic Affairs Working Group and a Su-30 Forum to enhance cooperation between their air forces.
Why it matters to India:
The meeting underscores India’s efforts to deepen security partnerships in the Indo-Pacific, aligning with its Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative. Strengthening defence industry cooperation with Malaysia presents new opportunities for India’s defence exports and technology collaborations. Malaysia’s ASEAN chairmanship in 2025 also makes this engagement strategically significant for India’s broader regional outreach.
February 18, 2025
- → India Reassures Nepali Students Following Tragic Incident at KIIT University
- → Tesla Begins Hiring in India, Paving Way for EV Market Entry
- → MoU’s signed between Qatar and India
- → India’s Exports Grow, but Trade Deficit Expands
What happened?
On 17 February 2025, a Nepali student at KIIT University in Odisha tragically took their own life. The incident raised concerns among the Nepali student community studying in India. In response, the Indian government has extended condolences and reassured Nepali students that their safety and well-being are a priority. Authorities in both countries are working together to address the situation. The Indian government has also assured Nepal’s diplomatic mission that measures will be taken to ensure the mental and emotional well-being of students from Nepal residing in India.
Why it matters to India
This tragic incident highlights the importance of maintaining the safety and mental health of international students in India, particularly from neighbouring countries like Nepal. Nepal is a close ally of India, and fostering positive relations through mutual respect and care for Nepali citizens is essential. The Indian government’s quick response reinforces its commitment to the well-being of international students, which is vital for maintaining a strong educational and diplomatic relationship with Nepal. Moreover, addressing the mental health challenges faced by students can ensure a more supportive environment for international students in India, which may help enhance educational exchange and collaboration between the two nations.
What happened?
On 16 February 2025, Tesla posted job openings for key positions in India, signalling its concrete steps toward entering the country’s electric vehicle (EV) market. The move follows ongoing negotiations between Tesla and the Indian government regarding import duty reductions and local manufacturing commitments. Earlier, on 13 February 2025, Tesla CEO Elon Musk met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the latter’s visit to the United States. The meeting focused on strengthening business relations, with Musk expressing interest in expanding Tesla’s footprint in India. Tesla is expected to begin its operations in India later in 2025, possibly by initially focusing on importing vehicles before moving to local production.
Why it matters to India
Tesla’s entry into India marks a significant milestone for the EV sector. The company’s advanced technology and brand recognition could accelerate EV adoption, aligning with India’s clean energy targets. Tesla’s presence will likely attract foreign investments, create jobs, and boost competition, which could lead to more affordable EVs and innovations from domestic manufacturers. Beyond economic benefits, this move also supports India’s push for reducing carbon emissions and fossil fuel dependence, contributing to a greener future for the country.
What happened?
Following the ceremonial welcome of the Amir of Qatar, Sheikh Tammin Bin Hammad Al- Thani, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, two MoUs have been signed between both nations today, on February 18, 2025, focussing on trade, technology and investments.
Why it matters to India :
Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal shared that two MoUs were signed, one between the Qatari Businessmen Association (QBA) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) at the India-Qatar Business Forum and the other between Invest Qatar and Invest India. The focus areas of partnership are evolving from energy trade to emerging technologies like Artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and Quantum computing amidst Geopolitical tensions. While the history between both nations goes back to the 1800s, Qatar can be a catalyst by providing investment opportunities in India as it aims to transition from a resource-driven to a human capital-driven economy.
What happened?
Between April 2024 and January 2025, India’s total exports (merchandise and services) increased by 7.21% to approximately $683 billion. However, imports also surged by 8.96% to around $770 billion, resulting in a trade deficit of about $87 billion. Merchandise exports for this period stood at $359 billion, while merchandise imports reached $602 billion, leading to a merchandise trade deficit of approximately $243 billion. The latest figures were released by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry on 15 February 2025.
Why it matters to India
A widening trade deficit puts pressure on India’s currency, external debt, and economic growth. While rising imports indicate strong domestic demand, over-reliance on foreign goods, particularly in sectors like electronics and petroleum, remains a concern. India needs to enhance exports, reduce import dependency, and strengthen trade partnerships to boost economic sustainability and improve its trade balance.
February 17, 2025
- → India-Sri Lanka to Collaborate in Critical Minerals Exploration and Mining
- → First India-Chad Foreign Office Consultations
- → EAM S. Jaishankar Meets European Leaders at the Munich Security Conference
- → Bangladesh Urges India to Revive SAARC
- → State Visit of Amir of the State of Qatar to India
What happened?
India and Sri Lanka held a meeting to strengthen their cooperation in critical minerals exploration and mining. On 15 February 2025, India’s Union Minister of State for Coal and Mines, Satish Chandra Dubey, met with Sunil Handunnetti, Sri Lanka’s Minister of Industry and Entrepreneurship Development, in New Delhi. The discussions focused on fostering collaboration in mineral resources, with particular attention to a proposed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India’s Ministry of Mines and Sri Lanka’s Geological Survey & Mines Bureau on geology and mineral resource cooperation.
Why it matters to India:
This meeting holds strategic significance for India as it aligns with the country’s efforts to secure a stable supply of critical minerals essential for its renewable energy ambitions and high-tech industries. With Sri Lanka possessing vast reserves of graphite and beach sand minerals—key components in battery technologies and clean energy solutions—strengthening cooperation in mineral exploration and mining presents India with a valuable opportunity to reduce its dependence on external suppliers. The discussions also emphasised India’s National Critical Mineral Mission, which aims to ensure access to essential resources like lithium, nickel, and cobalt, reinforcing its broader economic and industrial objectives. The proposed MoU on geology and mineral resources is expected to formalise and expand collaboration, enabling India to play a key role in modernising Sri Lanka’s mining sector while securing long-term strategic interests. By encouraging Indian companies to invest in Sri Lanka’s mineral assets, the meeting also aligns with India’s broader geopolitical and economic goals, enhancing bilateral ties and regional stability.
What happened?
The first round of India-Chad Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) was held on 13 February 2025 in N’Djamena, Republic of Chad. It was co-chaired by Sevala Naik Mude, Additional Secretary for Central and West Africa, and Mrs. Fatime Aldjineh Garfa from Chad. During the FOC, both sides conducted a comprehensive review of India-Chad relations, encompassing key areas of bilateral cooperation.
Why it matters to India:
India and Chad maintain cordial relations characterised by mutual respect and shared values. Economically, bilateral trade reached $513.59 million in 2018-19, primarily due to India’s import of crude oil from Chad. Indian companies, notably Airtel, have invested significantly in Chad’s telecommunications sector, enhancing connectivity and economic ties. Chad’s strategic location in Central Africa and its role as a member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) further underscore its importance to India. The two nations have identified areas for cooperation, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, and defence, aiming to strengthen their bilateral partnership.
What happened?
At the recently concluded 61st Munich Security Conference, India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar met a cross-section of European leaders from Western, Central, and Nordic Europe to discuss and hear their views amid the ongoing thaw in US-Russia relations. The minister, however, had a tough message for the West’s approach to democracy, describing it as an exclusive Western characteristic.
Why it matters to India:
Jaishankar’s engagements with European leaders and his statements at the Munich Security Conference are significant for India as they underscore the country’s growing confidence and independent stance on the global stage. India has consistently advocated for peace and diplomacy to resolve the ongoing Ukraine-Russia crisis, a position that aligns with its long-standing commitment to dialogue as a means of conflict resolution. By meeting with key stakeholders across Europe, India reinforces its role as a neutral party capable of engaging with all sides.
These interactions also present valuable opportunities to strengthen bilateral relations with European partners and advance India’s economic and strategic interests. Jaishankar’s emphasis on India’s unique democratic model and its success in delivering for its people further highlights the country’s democratic credentials and its leadership in championing peace, particularly in regions affected by conflict.
What happened?
In his second meeting with India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar in five months, Bangladesh’s interim government foreign affairs adviser, Mohammad Touhid Hossain, urged India to agree to a foreign secretaries’ meeting under the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) framework—a meeting that has not taken place in nine years. The request was made, according to the Bangladesh Foreign Ministry’s readout, when Hossain spoke to Jaishankar on the sidelines of the Indian Ocean Conference in Oman on 16 February. They had previously met in New York last September.
Why it matters to India:
Bangladesh’s push to revive SAARC and its warming ties with Pakistan poses a strategic challenge for India. While India has promoted the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) as an alternative to SAARC due to concerns over Pakistan’s role in cross-border terrorism, Bangladesh, under interim leader Muhammad Yunus, sees SAARC as a vital platform for regional cooperation. India faces the dilemma of whether to engage with SAARC again, a move that could open up tensions, particularly with Pakistan’s involvement. Meanwhile, Bangladesh’s recent diplomatic overtures toward Pakistan signal a shift in foreign policy, with Islamabad seeking to strengthen relations with Dhaka. This diversification of alliances complicates India’s diplomatic calculations. India now faces the delicate task of balancing its relationship with Bangladesh while ensuring that regional dynamics do not undermine its interests. Notably, Bangladesh’s foreign affairs adviser also “emphasised the importance of initiating the discussion for the renewal of the Ganges Water Treaty.”
What happened?
At the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Amir of the State of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, will visit India from 17 to 18 February 2025. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) reports that the Amir will be accompanied by a high-level delegation, including ministers, senior officials, and a business delegation.
Why it matters to India:
India’s ties with Qatar are becoming increasingly important due to the country’s expanding diplomatic efforts in the Middle East. With ongoing tensions between Israel and Palestine resulting in conflict in Gaza, India has been strengthening ties with Middle Eastern nations while advocating for peace and regional stability. Qatar is India’s largest supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and hosts a significant Indian expatriate community, the largest in Qatar. Energy and geopolitics are expected to feature prominently on the agenda for the Amir’s visit, and India’s strategic diplomatic outreach in the region adds further significance to this visit.
February 15, 2025
- → India-U.S. Defence Partnership Strengthened Under COMPACT Initiative
- → India-U.S. Set Ambitious Goal to Double Bilateral Trade to $500 Billion by 2030
- → Elon Musk Meets PM Modi: SpaceX, AI, and Tesla’s India Plans in Focus
- → Modi-Trump Talks: AI, Hi-Tech, and Semiconductors in Focus
- → India-U.S. Jointly Call Out Pakistan on Cross-Border Terrorism
What happened?
India and the U.S. have launched the COMPACT (Catalysing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce & Technology) initiative, a new framework designed to deepen defence cooperation and strategic alignment between the two countries. This includes a 10-year defence framework aimed at expanding joint production, procurement, and technology-sharing. The announcement was made during a recently concluded visit to the U.S. by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Why it matters to India
India’s growing defence partnership with the U.S. is a crucial step in countering security threats, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, where China’s increasing assertiveness poses a significant challenge. The agreement enhances India’s military capabilities by ensuring continued access to advanced U.S. defence technology, including Javelin anti-tank missiles, Stryker infantry combat vehicles, and additional P-8I maritime patrol aircraft. The integration of U.S.-origin platforms, such as C-130J Super Hercules, C-17 Globemaster III, MH-60R Seahawks, AH-64E Apache helicopters, and MQ-9B drones, into India’s defence arsenal strengthens its operational readiness and interoperability with U.S. forces. Furthermore, the agreement to streamline arms transfer regulations and improve maintenance and spare supply chains enhances India’s defence procurement efficiency. The planned Reciprocal Defence Procurement (RDP) agreement will also facilitate greater collaboration between Indian and U.S. defence industries, fostering long-term strategic ties. By securing access to cutting-edge military technology, India bolsters its deterrence capabilities, enhances its regional security posture, and solidifies its role as a key defence partner for the U.S.
What happened?
India and the United States have committed to negotiating the initial phase of a bilateral trade agreement by autumn 2025, with the ambitious goal of doubling trade volumes to $500 billion by 2030 under the ‘Mission 500’ initiative. A key aspect of this plan includes expanding India’s energy imports from the U.S. to address the existing trade imbalance and strengthen economic ties. The discussion on trade took place during the recently concluded visit to the U.S. by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Why it matters to India
The United States is India’s largest trading partner, and expanding bilateral trade offers India a strategic opportunity to increase its exports, particularly in sectors like technology, electronics, and jewellery. With the U.S. imposing high tariffs on China, Mexico, and Canada, India has the potential to capture a larger share of the American market, boosting its export-driven growth. Additionally, increased energy imports from the U.S. can help India diversify its energy sources, reducing reliance on the Middle East and improving its energy security. The agreement also signals a commitment to resolving trade disputes by addressing tariff and non-tariff barriers, improving market access for Indian businesses. While the U.S. trade deficit with India has widened in recent years, these negotiations indicate a cooperative approach to fostering economic growth on both sides. Strengthening trade ties with the U.S. not only enhances India’s global economic positioning but also lays the groundwork for sustained industrial and technological development.
What happened?
During his U.S. visit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to explore opportunities for technological and industrial collaboration between India and the United States. Discussions focused on deepening cooperation in space exploration, artificial intelligence, sustainable energy, and digital connectivity.
Why it matters to India
This meeting holds strategic importance for India, given its aspirations to advance in critical technology sectors. One key area of discussion was the potential introduction of SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet service, which could revolutionise broadband access in remote areas, helping bridge India’s digital divide. Expanding digital infrastructure is crucial for India’s economic and educational development, and such a collaboration could fast-track progress. Another key focus was Tesla’s growing interest in entering the Indian market, which aligns with India’s push for electric mobility and its broader commitment to clean energy. By encouraging investment from Tesla, India not only supports its environmental goals but also boosts local manufacturing, generates employment, and strengthens its role in the global EV supply chain. Furthermore, deeper engagement with leading technology firms like Tesla and SpaceX allows India to position itself as a key player in the fields of innovation, AI, and space exploration, ensuring it remains at the forefront of the global technological transformation.
What happened?
Artificial intelligence (AI), next-generation technologies, and semiconductors took centre stage in the high-level discussions between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House. The talks resulted in key announcements, including the launch of the U.S.-India TRUST (Transforming the Relationship Utilising Strategic Technology) initiative and INDUS Innovation, both aimed at strengthening bilateral technological cooperation.
Why it matters to India
The TRUST initiative is a significant step forward in India’s efforts to position itself as a major player in global technology development. This agreement seeks to enhance collaboration across crucial sectors, including defence, AI, semiconductors, quantum computing, biotechnology, energy, and space. A major aspect of the initiative involves developing a U.S.-India roadmap to accelerate AI infrastructure, ensuring access to computing power, AI processors, and next-generation data centres. Given the increasing global competition in AI and semiconductor technology, this partnership allows India to reduce its reliance on China for critical components and strengthen its domestic industry. Additionally, the INDUS Innovation framework, modelled after the successful INDUS-X defence-tech collaboration, aims to foster partnerships between private industries, research institutions, and the public sector, encouraging investment and knowledge-sharing. The deepening technological cooperation between India and the U.S. is expected to accelerate India’s progress in emerging fields, boost job creation, and solidify its role as a key global technology hub.
What happened?
India and the United States have jointly urged Pakistan to ensure that its territory is not used for cross-border terrorism, emphasising the need for decisive action against terrorist groups operating from its soil. A joint statement issued after high-level talks on 13 February 2025 reiterated the demand for Pakistan to swiftly bring to justice the perpetrators of the 2008 Mumbai attacks (26/11) and the 2016 Pathankot airbase attack. It underscored the urgency of preventing Pakistan-based terror outfits like Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) from orchestrating future attacks across borders.
Why it matters to India
The explicit mention of Pakistan in the joint statement reinforces international diplomatic pressure on Islamabad to take concrete action against terror groups. By securing strong backing from the United States, India strengthens its counterterrorism stance and reinforces its long-standing demand for accountability in past attacks. This statement not only calls for justice in specific terror incidents but also signals a larger commitment to ensuring that terror networks operating from Pakistan are dismantled. Moreover, the diplomatic move highlights the deepening counterterrorism cooperation between India and the U.S., reflecting a shared global priority in combating terrorism. It also bolsters India’s efforts to rally other international partners on this issue, enhancing its strategic position in global security frameworks.
February 14, 2025
- → 2nd Meeting of the India-Tanzania Joint Working Group (JWG) on Counter-Terrorism
- → Govt Sanctions Grants for 40 Tourism Projects to Boost India’s Global Appeal
- → Prime Minister Modi Concludes Visit to the U.S.A
What happened?
India and Tanzania held the second meeting of the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Counter-Terrorism in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from February 12-13, 2025. The meeting was led by Mr. K.D. Dewal, Joint Secretary for Counter-Terrorism in India’s Ministry of External Affairs, and Dr. Maduhu I. Kazi, Deputy Permanent Secretary of Tanzania’s Ministry of Home Affairs. Delegations from various departments and agencies from both nations participated.
Why it matters to India:
The two sides reviewed emerging threats in their regions, including state-sponsored and cross-border terrorism. They exchanged views on the use of the internet and new technologies for terrorist purposes, the global movement of terrorists, and radicalization. Both sides shared experiences in countering the financing of terrorism, transnational organized crime, and narco-terrorism. They committed to information sharing, capacity-building and continued bilateral and multilateral efforts to address these threats. The Indian delegation also visited the Police Forensic Bureau (PFB) of Tanzania, discussing strengthened cooperation with their counterparts in India. Both sides agreed to hold the next JWG meeting in Delhi on a mutually convenient date.
What happened?
The Indian government has approved ₹3,295.76 crore for 40 tourism projects under the Scheme for Special Assistance to States/UTs for Capital Investment (SASCI). These projects are aimed at enhancing tourism infrastructure, improving travel experiences, and positioning India as a leading global tourist hub. Key initiatives include the Swadesh Darshan 2.0 scheme for sustainable tourism, enhanced connectivity through inter-ministerial collaboration, and capacity-building programs to train service providers. The launch of the Incredible India Content Hub will further strengthen India’s digital tourism promotion.
Why it matters to India:
Tourism is a significant economic driver for India, contributing to employment, local business growth, and cultural exchange. Improved infrastructure and enhanced global marketing efforts are expected to attract more international visitors, boost domestic tourism, and elevate India’s reputation as a world-class travel destination.
What happened?
After attending the AI Action Summit in Paris, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Washington from February 12-13, 2025, at the invitation of U.S. President Donald Trump. During his visit, Modi held high-level bilateral talks with President Trump on a range of topics, including trade, technology, defence, security, energy, and people-to-people ties.
Why it matters to India:
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to the U.S. in 2025 reinforced the India-U.S. partnership with key agreements on defence, trade, technology, and energy. A new 10-year defence framework and joint military production deals enhanced security ties, while the Reciprocal Defense Procurement (RDP) agreement facilitated arms transfers. Economic outcomes included partial tariff dispute resolutions, the reinstatement of GSP benefits for Indian exports, and expanded U.S. market access. Technology collaboration was advanced through the Semiconductor Supply Chain Partnership and AI initiatives. Additionally, energy deals secured LNG supply and nuclear cooperation. Both nations reiterated their commitment to Indo-Pacific security, although challenges remain in digital trade and human rights discussions. The visit marked a shift towards a more results-oriented bilateral relationship.
February 13, 2025
- → French Shipping Giant CMA CGM to play key role in IMEC
- → Centre Proposes Industrial Calendar to Bridge Research-Industry Gap and Accelerate Innovation
- → Turkiye President Erdogan’s Visit to Pakistan
What happened?
Following the conclusion of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to France, it was announced that French shipping major CMA CGM will play a crucial role in the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). This initiative, discussed during the visit with French President Emmanuel Macron at CMA CGM’s headquarters in Marseille, aims to enhance trade connectivity between India, the Middle East, and Europe.
Why it matters to India:
The IMEC is set to significantly boost India’s trade by improving logistical connectivity with Europe and the Middle East, reducing transportation time and costs. As a key player in global logistics, CMA CGM’s involvement will ensure the efficiency of the corridor. This strategic project aligns with India’s goal of becoming a central hub in international trade and is expected to create substantial economic growth opportunities, reinforcing India’s position on the global stage.
What happened?
The Indian government has proposed an industrial calendar to strengthen the connection between research and industry. Announced by Union Minister Jitendra Singh, the initiative calls for scientific labs under various ministries to schedule dedicated industrial meetings, fostering structured engagement with the private sector. The goal is to speed up the commercialisation of scientific breakthroughs and ensure that technological innovations reach the public more efficiently.
Why it matters to India:
This proposal is set to bridge the gap between research and industry, enhancing India’s innovation ecosystem. By increasing industry involvement in scientific progress, the government aims to fast-track the application of research in real-world solutions, ultimately benefiting public welfare and driving economic growth. The initiative also promotes inclusivity, providing underprivileged groups, such as tribal students, opportunities to engage with scientific research, which could contribute to a more diverse and innovative scientific community in India.
What happened?
Turkiye President Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrived in Pakistan for a two-day visit today (February 13, 2025) aimed at enhancing bilateral relations between the two countries. During his visit, discussions will focus on expanding trade, deepening defence cooperation, and strengthening ties in business and technology. Erdogan expressed his hope that the visit would further solidify the longstanding friendship between Turkey and Pakistan, particularly within the Islamic world.
Why it matters to India:
Erdogan’s visit to Pakistan is significant for India due to Turkiye’s longstanding support for Pakistan, particularly in the context of Kashmir. Turkiye has historically aligned with Pakistan’s position on Kashmir, which has caused diplomatic friction with India. Additionally, with Turkiye strengthening its relationship with Pakistan in defence and trade, this alignment could lead to a more influential role for Turkiye in the region, which will have long-term implications for India’s strategic interests. With increasing defence collaboration and trade between Turkey and Pakistan, India may view these developments with concern, particularly as they relate to regional security and geopolitical alignment in South Asia.
February 12, 2025
- → India Participates in the 63rd Session of the Commission for Social Development at the United Nations
- → India-Equatorial Guinea Foreign Office Consultations Deepen Bilateral Ties
- → Prime Minister Modi conclude visit to France
- → Indian Defence Secretary holds key bilateral meets with global defence officials at Aero India
What happened?
India took part in the 63rd session of the Commission for Social Development (CSocD63) at the United Nations headquarters in New York. The session reviewed global progress on social development policies, focusing on poverty alleviation, social protection, and inclusive economic growth.
Why it matters to India:
India’s participation reinforces its commitment to sustainable and inclusive development, aligning with its national policies such as Ayushman Bharat (universal healthcare), the National Education Policy (NEP), and Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). These initiatives contribute to India’s social transformation and serve as models for other developing nations.
Engagement at CSocD63 also strengthens India’s diplomatic standing in multilateral organisations, allowing it to influence global policy discussions on social equity, employment, and economic resilience. India’s emphasis on digital public infrastructure and welfare-driven growth positions it as a leader in South-South cooperation.
What happened?
The inaugural India-Equatorial Guinea Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) were held on 10 February 2025 in Malabo, Republic of Equatorial Guinea. The meeting was co-chaired by Sevala Naik Mude, Additional Secretary (Central and West Africa), Ministry of External Affairs, India, and Mr Matias Nguema Mba Medja, Secretary General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Diaspora, Equatorial Guinea.
Discussions covered a comprehensive review of bilateral relations, with a focus on trade, investment, mining, agriculture, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, education, defence, maritime security, and digital infrastructure. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to expanding economic and diplomatic engagement, as well as enhancing cooperation in multilateral forums.
Why it matters to India:
India’s engagement with Equatorial Guinea aligns with its broader Africa strategy, emphasising economic cooperation, energy security, and capacity building. India gifted 10,000 kg of anti-retroviral drugs and diagnostic kits for HIV management, reinforcing its commitment to global healthcare partnerships.
Bilateral trade between the two countries reached USD 347.10 million in 2023–24, with oil and gas imports constituting a significant portion. While trade peaked at USD 983.80 million in 2019–20, there remains substantial potential for diversification, particularly in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and pharmaceuticals.
Equatorial Guinea’s participation in India-led multilateral initiatives such as the Voice of Global South Summits and International Solar Alliance further strengthens diplomatic ties. The commitment to holding the next round of consultations in New Delhi signals the intent to deepen cooperation across sectors.
What happened?
India and France bolstered their strategic partnership during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s two-day visit (10-12 February 2025) by signing key agreements in technology, civil nuclear energy, environmental sustainability, and cultural affairs.
Why it matters to India:
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to France strengthened India’s strategic partnership with key agreements in technology, civil nuclear energy, environmental sustainability, and cultural affairs. Both countries issued a declaration on artificial intelligence and launched the India-France Year of Innovation 2026 logo. A letter of intent was signed to establish the Indo-French Center for Digital Sciences, and 10 Indian startups will be hosted at France’s Station F incubator. The visit also saw strengthened civil nuclear cooperation, including agreements on advanced modular reactors and small modular reactors. India and France signed a joint declaration for a Triangular Development Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific and committed to collaborating on environmental issues like biodiversity and marine conservation. The inauguration of India’s Consulate in Marseille will further enhance people-to-people and cultural ties.
What happened?
At ongoing Aero India 2025 in Bengaluru, India’s Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh held discussions with delegations from leading aerospace firms, including GE Aerospace, Safran, Leonardo S.p.A., Dassault Aviation, and BAE Systems. The meetings aimed to advance strategic partnerships, facilitate technology transfer, and explore future collaboration opportunities in India’s aerospace and defence sectors. Additionally, the Defence Secretary met with Lieutenant General Gael Diaz de Tuesta, Director of the International Directorate of the Directorate General of Armament, France, to discuss joint projects and strengthen defence-industrial cooperation.
Why it matters to India:
India’s engagement with global aerospace firms aligns with its Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) initiative, seeking to enhance indigenous defence manufacturing and reduce dependence on imports. The discussions underscore India’s strategy of leveraging foreign collaboration to build a robust defence industrial base. Key focus areas include bolstering maritime security, expanding defence production capabilities, and addressing emerging threats like cyber warfare and climate-induced security risks. India’s active pursuit of strategic partnerships reflects its aspiration to play a greater role in global security while ensuring that its defence sector becomes a driver of economic growth.
February 11, 2025
- → India, UK Hold Fourth Energy Dialogue, Announce Launch of Phase 2 of ASPIRE Programme
- → As US Targets Sanctions Waiver, India Reiterates Its Commitment to Iran’s Chabahar Port
- → The second India-France AI Policy Roundtable
- → Paris AI Action Summit | PM Modi Calls for Humane, Ethical AI Development
What happened?
On February 10, 2025, the Fourth India-UK Energy Dialogue was held in New Delhi, co-chaired by Union Minister of Power and Housing Manohar Lal Khattar and UK Secretary for Energy Security and Net Zero, Ed Miliband. The two leaders launched Phase 2 of the ASPIRE programme, which focuses on enhancing power supply, expanding renewable energy, and promoting industrial energy efficiency and decarbonisation. They also discussed expanding cooperation in energy storage, offshore wind, and green data centres, while exploring new opportunities in electric mobility and MSME development.
Why it matters to India:
This dialogue deepens India-UK collaboration on energy security and sustainable development. It will support India’s transition to a cleaner energy future, particularly in renewable energy, decarbonisation, and energy efficiency. The establishment of a UK-India Offshore Wind Taskforce and progress in green hydrogen projects signify a new era of energy cooperation. India’s experience in solar energy implementation, such as the Solar Rooftop Programme, was also highlighted as an example of success that can inform future collaboration. This partnership supports both nations’ energy transition goals while promoting economic growth and job creation.
What happened?
On February 10, 2025, India reaffirmed its commitment to the strategic Chabahar port in Iran, despite US efforts to rescind sanctions waivers. The US had recently imposed new measures targeting Iran’s nuclear program, including potential changes to Chabahar’s sanctions waiver. India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) stated that the port has proven its importance in enhancing connectivity to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan. Chabahar has been pivotal for India’s humanitarian efforts, with significant supplies delivered to Afghanistan through the port.
Why it matters to India:
India has invested millions in Chabahar, recognising it as a critical link to Afghanistan and Central Asia, crucial for regional trade and security. The port also offers an alternative route to support Afghanistan’s reconstruction efforts. India’s commitment to Chabahar is a cornerstone of its broader strategic relationship with Iran, and its development has strengthened India’s geopolitical positioning in the region. The port’s role in facilitating humanitarian aid underscores its broader importance in India’s foreign policy.
What happened?
On February 10, 2025, experts from India and France gathered at Sciences Po University in Paris to discuss artificial intelligence (AI) policy and governance. The second India-France AI Policy Roundtable, a key side event to the AI Action Summit, was organised by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) of the Government of India, in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, the IndiaAI Mission, and Sciences Po Paris. The discussions focused on data protection, AI foundation models, and data sovereignty, with an emphasis on cross-border data flows and the need for harmonised global AI governance frameworks.
Why it matters to India:
The roundtable highlighted the importance of making AI accessible to all, setting internationally recognised standards, and ensuring ethical AI deployment. Key issues included the development of sovereign AI models, multilingual large language models (LLMs), federated AI infrastructure, and sustainable AI practices. India and France discussed the potential for collaboration on indigenous AI models and cross-border research and data-sharing initiatives. This event built on the first India-France AI Policy Roundtable held in Bengaluru, reinforcing conversations on inclusive AI frameworks and public-private partnerships for responsible AI development.
What happened?
On February 11, 2025, at the Paris AI Action Summit, co-chaired by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron, global leaders convened to discuss AI governance, innovation, and ethical deployment.
PM Modi emphasised the need for a collective global approach to AI regulation, addressing challenges such as bias in AI models, data security, misinformation, and sustainability. He also highlighted India’s leadership in AI adoption, digital public infrastructure, and responsible AI governance, positioning the country as a key player in shaping the global AI future.
Why it matters to India:
India views AI as a powerful tool for economic growth, governance, and societal transformation. At the Paris AI Action Summit, PM Modi highlighted the country’s focus on ethical, inclusive, and responsible AI development, emphasising its potential to drive progress in healthcare, education, and agriculture. As a leader in AI adoption, India is committed to developing open-source systems, bias-free data sets, and people-centric applications to ensure accessibility, especially in the Global South. Recognising AI’s risks—such as cyber threats, disinformation, and job displacement—India is investing in skill development and regulatory frameworks to create a balanced AI ecosystem.
Additionally, India is integrating AI with sustainable energy solutions, reinforcing its leadership in both technological and environmental innovation. Through global collaboration, public-private partnerships, and its National AI Mission, India aims to shape an AI-driven future that is secure, transparent, and beneficial for all.
February 10, 2025
- → Parliamentary Panel Recommends Comprehensive Security Assessment of All Indian Missions and Posts
- → India’s Pharma Exports Projected to Reach $350 Billion by 2047
- → 15th Aero India International Exhibition Kicks Off in Bengaluru
- → PM Modi Embarks on Four-Day Visit to France and the United States
- → India to inaugurate EFTA Desk for trade expansion
What happened?
Last week, a parliamentary panel recommended that the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) conduct a “comprehensive security assessment” of all Indian missions and posts abroad. The assessment is to account for the geopolitical situation, potential threats, and vulnerabilities in host countries. The report, presented by the Committee on External Affairs, also highlighted that India currently does not have resident missions in 42 countries.
Why it matters to India:
This recommendation, outlined in the Fourth Report of the Committee on External Affairs for the fiscal year 2024-25, stresses the importance of securing India’s diplomatic infrastructure. Led by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor, the report also outlines key criteria for establishing new missions based on factors like economic partnerships, strategic cooperation, and diaspora engagement. The report emphasises that adequate resources should be allocated for the protection of both the physical and digital infrastructure of the missions.
The recommendations are particularly relevant in the context of rising security concerns in countries like Bangladesh, parts of West Asia, and the growing issue of anti-India activities in Canada, which have impacted bilateral relations.
What happened?
On February 8, 2025, a report by Bain & Company revealed that India’s pharmaceutical exports are projected to grow significantly. The report, titled Healing the World: Roadmap for Making India a Global Pharma Exports Hub, forecasts that exports will double from approximately $27 billion in 2023 to $65 billion by 2030 and could reach $350 billion by 2047. The report was unveiled during the Indian Drug Manufacturers Association’s (IDMA) 63rd Annual Day event in Mumbai by Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal.
Why it matters to India:
This growth target aligns with India’s ambition to transition from the “pharmacy of the world” to the “healthcare custodian of the world.” While India is the largest global supplier of generic drugs, it ranks 11th in export value. The expansion of the pharmaceutical sector is crucial to India’s vision of becoming a global healthcare leader, contributing to economic growth, fostering innovation, and establishing the country as a top player in the global healthcare ecosystem.
What happened?
On February 10, 2025, the 15th edition of Aero India, Asia’s largest aerospace and defence exhibition, began at the Yelahanka Air Force Station in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The event spans over 42,000 square metres and features more than 900 exhibitors, including 150 international firms, making it the largest Aero India exhibition. This year’s theme is “The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.”
Why it matters to India:
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted the importance of the exhibition, noting the participation of over 90 nations as a sign of growing global confidence in India’s aerospace and defence capabilities. He also emphasised that the presence of air chiefs and representatives from 43 countries demonstrates the event’s international significance. Aero India is a key platform to showcase India’s growing defence capabilities, strengthen global partnerships, and support the government’s vision of a self-reliant and resilient India. Additionally, it serves to inspire the nation’s youth towards innovation and scientific progress.
What happened?
On February 10, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi departed for a four-day visit to France and the United States. During his trip, he will engage in talks with French President Emmanuel Macron and US President Donald Trump. PM Modi will be in France from February 10-12, co-chairing the AI Action Summit and inaugurating the first Indian Consulate in Marseille. He will also visit the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project, which India partners with. From France, he will proceed to the United States for a two-day visit from February 13-14 to meet President Trump.
Why it matters to India:
These visits are significant as it marks the first meeting between PM Modi and President Trump following the latter’s second-term inauguration. The visit to the U.S. will provide an opportunity to review and strengthen the India-U.S. strategic partnership, focusing on technology, trade, defence, energy, and supply chain resilience. For India, the trip to France underscores the strengthening of India-France ties, particularly in sectors such as artificial intelligence, nuclear energy, and defence collaboration. The visit to both nations is a step towards cementing India’s position as a global leader in technology and innovation while reinforcing diplomatic and economic ties with key international partners.
What happened?
India is set to inaugurate the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Desk in New Delhi on February 10, 2025, marking a significant step in strengthening economic relations with the EFTA. Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal, along with representatives from the EFTA bloc, will inaugurate the desk at Bharat Mandapam. The initiative aims to facilitate trade, investment, and business cooperation between India and the four EFTA nations—Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein.
Why it matters to India:
The EFTA Desk will support India’s economic growth by enhancing trade and investment links with key European countries. Under the India-EFTA Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), signed on March 10, 2024, the desk will provide regulatory guidance, business matchmaking, and insights into India’s investment landscape. The EFTA has committed to investing $100 billion in India over the next 15 years, which is expected to create one million direct jobs. This collaboration offers India greater market access, particularly for non-agricultural products and processed agricultural goods, which is vital for India’s long-term economic development.
February 8, 2025
- → PM Modi to Visit US on 12-13 February
- → India Summons Bangladesh Acting High Commissioner
What happened?
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit the United States on 12-13 February to hold talks with US President Donald Trump and engage with senior leaders of the US administration. This will be PM Modi’s first visit to the US since President Trump’s second-term inauguration.
Why it matters to India
During a special media briefing, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasised the significance of the visit, stating that PM Modi’s trip within three weeks of the new administration taking office highlights the strategic importance of the India-US partnership. Misri confirmed that energy and defence will be key focus areas in discussions between PM Modi and President Trump.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on February 7, 2025 summoned Bangladesh’s Acting High Commissioner to India, Md. Nural Islam, to express concerns over continued negative remarks by Bangladeshi authorities regarding India.
Why it matters to India:
On February 6, 2025, Bangladesh formally lodged a strong protest with India over remarks made by deposed Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, particularly concerning the alleged recent vandalism of her father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s house. Bangladesh’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs criticised Hasina’s statements as “false and fabricated” and described her activities while in exile in India as a “hostile act.”
MEA Spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal, in an official statement, said:
“Comments attributed to former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina have been made in her individual capacity, in which India has no role to play. Conflating this with the Government of India’s position will not contribute positively to bilateral relations. While the Government of India remains committed to fostering a mutually beneficial relationship, we expect Bangladesh to reciprocate in a similar manner without vitiating the atmosphere.”
This recent development came in the backdrop of India condemning the demolition of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s residence in Dhaka, calling it an act of vandalism that must be strongly denounced.
February 7, 2025
- → Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Holds Talks with U.S. Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth
- → India Boosts Defence Modernisation with ₹10,147 Crore Rocket Procurement Deals
- → India-Spain 5th Joint Working Group Meeting on Defence Cooperation
- → NITI Aayog Hosts Conclave on ‘Viksit Bharat@2047’
What happened?
Ahead of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the United States, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh spoke with U.S. Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth over the phone on February 06, 2025. Singh congratulated Hegseth on his confirmation and further discussed ways to strengthen the India-US bilateral defence partnership. Both leaders agreed on an ambitious operational, intelligence, logistics, and defence-industrial cooperation agenda.
Why it matters to India:
The phone discussion took place less than a week before Prime Minister Modi’s scheduled visit to Washington, where he is set to meet U.S. President Donald Trump. Over the past decade, India and the U.S. have significantly deepened their defence collaboration, launching several initiatives to enhance bilateral ties. The India-US strategic partnership is built on shared values, including a commitment to democracy and a rules-based international order.
India and the U.S. are now actively collaborating on technology development, integration of defence industrial supply chains, enhanced interoperability, logistics and information sharing, and joint military exercises. Both sides also support innovation in defence through government, start-ups, businesses, and academic partnerships. India and the US have also agreed to draft a comprehensive framework for defence cooperation, shaping bilateral collaboration from 2025 to 2035.
What happened?
In a significant step towards strengthening India’s defence capabilities and realising the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed contracts worth ₹10,147 crore with three leading Indian companies: Economic Explosives Ltd (EEL), Munitions India Ltd (MIL), and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL). The agreements aim to enhance the Indian Army’s firepower by equipping it with advanced rockets for the PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). This marks a major milestone in the modernisation of India’s artillery forces.
Why it matters to India:
This procurement marks a crucial step in the modernisation of India’s Artillery Rocket Regiments, strengthening the nation’s long-range precision strike capabilities. The deal is also expected to generate employment opportunities, particularly within India’s MSME sector, as domestic industries play a central role in defence production. By prioritising indigenous manufacturing, this initiative aligns with India’s vision of self-reliance in defence technology. It also cements the country’s position as a key player in global defence innovation while reinforcing its commitment to national security and technological advancement.
What happened?
The 5th Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting between the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of India and Spain took place in New Delhi on February 6, 2025. The meeting was co-chaired by Amitabh Prasad, Joint Secretary of International Cooperation (India), and Brigadier General Paulino Garcia Diego, Special Advisor on Defence Diplomacy to the Secretary General of Defence Policy (Spain).
Why it matters to India:
During the JWG meeting, both sides reviewed ongoing bilateral defence cooperation initiatives and outlined plans for further collaboration, particularly in the maritime domain. Discussions focused on strengthening ties in technology and armament production. A key highlight of the talks was the C295 Project, a collaboration between Airbus Spain and Tata Advanced Systems Limited. As the first Make-in-India initiative in the defence aircraft sector, this project has encouraged deeper cooperation between Indian and Spanish companies. Both nations are now exploring further opportunities for joint ventures in aerospace and defence manufacturing.
What happened?
On 6 February 2025, India’s National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog organised a high-level conclave titled “Towards Viksit Bharat@2047: Strengthening Economy, National Security, Global Partnerships, and Law” at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi. The event brought together key policymakers, including the Vice Chairman, Members, and CEO of NITI Aayog, alongside distinguished speakers such as the Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India and the Secretary of the Ministry of Defence.
Why it matters to India:
The conclave addressed several crucial areas of India’s development trajectory, offering key insights into economic growth, strategic partnerships, and national security. Regarding economic growth and global competitiveness, the panel highlighted the need for regulatory reforms, infrastructure expansion, and deeper integration into global trade. Experts emphasised the importance of private sector investment in research and development, energy security, and access to critical raw materials as key drivers for sustained growth. Strengthening fiscal policies and fostering innovation were also seen as essential for long-term competitiveness. In the area of strategic partnerships for development, the panel focused on India’s diplomatic role in balancing alliances with both the Global South and North while advocating for trade liberalisation and tariff reduction. India’s leadership in renewable energy and the importance of international cooperation in securing critical minerals were also discussed. Additionally, strengthening digital infrastructure and reforming legal frameworks were identified as vital to attracting global investment and improving the ease of doing business. Lastly, in the panel on supply chain resilience and national defence, experts explored the need for a robust defence supply chain, distinguishing between civilian Just in Time and military Just in Case models. Cybersecurity was recognised as essential to safeguarding supply chain integrity. The panel also discussed how public-private partnerships could enhance defence procurement and logistics management.
February 6, 2025
- → India Engaging with US to Ensure Deportees Are Not Mistreated: Jaishankar
- → MEA Working on New Law for Indians Working Abroad
- → 1st India-Arab Universities’ Presidents’ Conference
- → ‘IMEEC’ in Spotlight as Greek Foreign Minister Visit India
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, stated that the Indian government is engaging with the US to ensure that deportees are not mistreated. “It is the obligation of all countries to take back their nationals if found to be living illegally abroad,” he said. Jaishankar also met Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 6 February 2025 to brief him on the issue.
On 5 February 2025, a US military aircraft landed in Amritsar, carrying 104 deported Indian nationals. These deportations come as part of increased US immigration enforcement efforts, primarily targeting individuals who entered the country illegally or overstayed their visas. They align with U.S. President Donald Trump’s hard stance on the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the US.
Why it matters to India:
The Indian government has consistently maintained that it does not justify or support illegal immigration. Its cooperation with Trump’s deportation policy appears to be a strategic move to strengthen its case for the H-1B visa programme, which India argues benefits both nations. By readily accepting deported individuals, India could be attempting to counter anti-immigrant sentiment in the US while advocating for legal migration pathways for Indian professionals. India has also agreed to take back approximately 18,000 ‘irregular immigrants’ identified for deportation by the US government. This is not the first instance of India repatriating deported nationals from the US. The current India-U.S. deliberations on the issue of illegal migration should, therefore, be viewed within the broader context of India’s migration diplomacy, which prioritises legal migration over irregular and unlawful migration.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is “seriously considering” enacting a new law, tentatively titled the Overseas Mobility (Facilitation and Welfare) Bill, 2024, which would replace the “outdated provisions” of the Emigration Act of 1983. This was stated in the fourth report of the Parliamentary Committee on External Affairs, presented to the Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament) on February 3, 2025. The move comes amid controversy surrounding the deportation of over a hundred Indian migrants by the United States, who were returned to India on a C-17 US military aircraft, bound in chains and shackles, after landing in Amritsar yesterday.
Why it matters to India:
The proposed legislation aims to create a robust framework that will ensure safe, orderly, and regular migration for overseas employment. The draft of this bill is currently being consulted with relevant ministries. Emigration is a key area of focus, as the MEA reports that there are currently 15.85 million Indians living abroad, with around 15 million employed in various jobs—both skilled and unskilled. In recent years, the government has prioritised creating mobility agreements to simplify the migration process. India has already signed labour mobility pacts with five countries, including Taiwan. These agreements include nations like Israel, Malaysia, Japan, Portugal, and Mauritius.
Additionally, India has entered into memorandums of understanding on migration and mobility with several countries, including the UK, France, Germany, Australia, Austria, Italy, and Denmark. However, the current legal framework is still based on the Emigration Act of 1983, a law that has now been in place for over 40 years.
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs, in association with the University Grants Commission (UGC) as the knowledge partner and the League of Arab States (LAS) as the co-organiser, organised the 1st India-Arab Universities’ Presidents’ Conference at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi, from 5th to 6th February 2025. The conference was held under the education vertical of the Executive Program for the implementation of the Memorandum of Cooperation between India and LAS.
Why it matters to India:
The conference served as a platform for universities from India and the Arab world to engage with one another in meaningful ways. It also brought together the collective vision of academicians for the future of higher education. The conference aimed at harnessing the potential of higher education in ways that transcended national borders and laid the groundwork for future collaboration in the field of higher education between India and the Arab world.
Four sessions of the conference were focused on Higher Education and Skill Development Cooperation between India and LAS towards Development and Prosperity; Innovative and New Areas of Academic Cooperation, including Sharing Experiences on New Approaches in Education, such as the Usage of Digital Platforms; Academic Cooperation, including the Current Status and Challenges of Mutual Recognition of Degrees; and Promoting Joint Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation, including AI, Quantum Computing, and Biotechnology.
What happened?
Greek Foreign Affairs Minister George Gerapetritis is on a four-day visit to India from February 05-08, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC) will be a key focus during a meeting between Greece’s Foreign Minister and India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, scheduled for February 6, 2025. Greece holds significant strategic importance for India within the framework of the IMEEC due to its location in Europe, making it a vital gateway to the European market. The country’s seaports, especially Piraeus, are crucial entry points for Indian goods destined for Europe. This geographic advantage facilitates faster and more efficient movement of goods compared to traditional sea routes, potentially reducing transportation costs and transit times. India also considers that Greece could play a key role in facilitating trade negotiations and agreements between India and the European Union.
February 5, 2025
- → India-UK Consultations on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
- → India’s finance ministry asks employees to avoid AI tools like ChatGPT, DeepSeek
- → The King of Bhutan visit India
- → India’s natural gas production to peak in 2025, decline thereafter: Wood Mackenzie
What happened?
On February 4, 2025, India-UK Consultations on Disarmament and Non-Proliferation were held in New Delhi. The Indian delegation was led by Ms Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary (Disarmament and International Security Affairs), Ministry of External Affairs, while the UK delegation was led by Mr Stephen Lillie, Director for Defence and International Security at the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
The two sides discussed developments in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation relating to nuclear, chemical and biological domains, as well as regional non-proliferation issues, outer space security-related matters, conventional weapons, including AI in the military domain and multilateral export control regimes.
Why it matters to India:
The India-UK consultations on disarmament and non-proliferation hold significant importance for India as they build upon the strategic commitments made in April 2022 when both nations reaffirmed their desire to strengthen civil nuclear cooperation. At that time, India and the UK welcomed the UK’s renewed collaboration with the Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP) to jointly promote research and training in nuclear energy studies, radioactive applications, and nuclear security and safety. These consultations provide a platform to advance negotiations on a renewed and strengthened India-UK Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, bolstering India’s nuclear energy capabilities while ensuring adherence to global safety standards. Furthermore, both countries share a vested interest in promoting nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, aligning with their broader goals of global security.
What happened?
India’s finance ministry has asked its employees to avoid using AI tools, including ChatGPT and DeepSeek, for official purposes, citing risks posed to the confidentiality of government documents and data, an internal department advisory showed. “It has been determined that AI tools and AI apps (such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, etc.) in the office computers and devices pose risks for the confidentiality of (government) data and documents,” said the advisory by the Indian Finance Ministry dated January 29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
Countries like Australia and Italy have placed similar restrictions on using DeepSeek, citing data security risks. Notably, the advisory reports surfaced on social media on February 04, 2025, ahead of a scheduled visit to India by OpenAI chief Sam Altman, who is scheduled to meet India’s IT minister. OpenAI is also facing the heat in India due to a high-profile copyright infringement battle with India’s top media houses. In court filings, the company has argued that since it does not have its servers in the country and Indian courts should not hear the matter.
What happened?
At the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, paid a special visit to India to attend the Maha Kumbh Mela from February 03-04, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
According to an official statement by India’s Ministry of External Affairs: “India and Bhutan enjoy unique ties of friendship and cooperation, which are characterised by mutual understanding and trust. The visit of His Majesty, the King of Bhutan, is in keeping with the tradition of regular high-level exchanges between India and Bhutan, an important hallmark of the special partnership.” Beyond the optics, the Bhutanese King’s visit signifies Bhutan’s deep understanding of Indian culture and the spiritual significance of the Maha Kumbh. Last year, the King and Queen of Bhutan visited India in March 2024 and December 2024.
What happened?
According to a report by consultancy firm Wood Mackenzie, India’s natural gas production is expected to peak in 2025, growing by 4.5% before declining at an average rate of 3.6% annually until 2030 due to ageing fields and project delays. After 2030, production could fall even faster—by 9% annually—driven by resource exhaustion and fewer new discoveries. As domestic output shrinks, India’s dependence on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) will surge, making it the world’s third-largest LNG importer after China and Japan by 2032.
Why it matters to India:
Rising import dependence threatens India’s energy security, exposing the economy to global price fluctuations and supply disruptions, especially amid geopolitical tensions. This could strain the trade balance, increasing the current account deficit. Additionally, costlier LNG imports may impact industries like fertilisers, refining, and city gas distribution, raising operational costs and consumer prices. To mitigate these risks, India must implement effective policy reforms, attract private investments, and fast-track domestic exploration projects, as outlined in the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill introduced in 2024.
February 4, 2025
- → India Contributes USD 37.64 Million to the United Nations Annual Regular Budget
- → India-United Kingdom Collaboration in Cutting-Edge Technologies
- → EAM Jaishankar Addresses Second IIC-Bruegel Annual Seminar
- → Ministers from Over 20 Countries to Attend India Energy Week
What happened?
India has paid United States Dollars (USD) 37.64 million to the United Nations (UN) Regular Budget for 2025, joining the “honour roll” of 35 member states who have paid their regular budget assessments in full and on time to the UN. According to the UN Committee on Contributions, as of 31 January 2025, thirty-five member states have paid their regular budget assessments in full within the 30-day due period specified in the UN financial regulations. India contributed USD 37.64 million to the 2025 UN Regular Budget and paid on 31 January 2025.
Why it matters to India:
According to the provisions of Article 17 of the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter), every member state is legally obligated to pay their respective share towards peacekeeping. The assessed contributions provide a reliable funding source for core functions of the UN Secretariat via the UN regular and peacekeeping budgets.
Like all UN member states, India contributes to the United Nations budget to support its operations, peacekeeping missions, and various global programmes. These contributions are part of its obligations as a UN member under the UN Charter. The funds help maintain international peace and security, promote sustainable development, protect human rights, and respond to humanitarian crises. India’s timely and full payments reflect its commitment to multilateralism and global governance. As a country that values its role in international affairs, India sees these contributions as essential to strengthening its diplomatic influence, supporting global stability, and reinforcing its image as a responsible global actor.
What happened?
The Deputy National Security Advisers (Deputy NSAs) of the United Kingdom (UK) and India met in London last week to evaluate progress under the UK-India Technology Security Initiative (TSI). They discussed collaboration in Artificial Intelligence (AI), telecommunications, and critical minerals, highlighting the shared commitment to technological innovation.
Why it matters to India:
The India-UK collaboration in cutting-edge technologies, framed under the UK-India Technology Security Initiative (TSI) of July 2024, marks a significant milestone in the growing bilateral relationship between the two countries. The TSI is being coordinated by the National Security Advisers (NSAs) of both countries through existing and new dialogues. The NSAs also set priority areas and identify interdependencies for cooperation on critical and emerging technologies, which will, in turn, help build meaningful technology value chain partnerships between India and the UK. The TSI seeks to address the increasing role of technology in national security and economic development to elevate the strategic partnership between India and the UK. Building on the India-UK Roadmap 2030, the TSI sharpens the focus on critical and emerging technologies (CET) across key sectors, enhancing existing collaborations and establishing new mechanisms for cooperation.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), Dr Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, while addressing the second India International Centre (IIC)-Bruegel Annual Seminar in Delhi on 4 February 2025, reiterated India’s position on multilateralism on a global scale, saying different standards have been applied to countries in the East and the West. The minister called out the selective and uneven application of “matters of principle” for different countries and asserted that any global agenda can no longer be set by a handful of powers.
Why it matters to India:
Speaking at the second IIC-Bruegel Annual Seminar in Delhi, the EAM said, “The world is currently witnessing two major conflicts. These are often presented as matters of principle. We are told that the very future of the world order is at stake. Yet, the record shows how selectively and unevenly these principles have been applied.”
Emphasis on multilateralism, as highlighted by the EAM, reflects India’s ambition to reshape global governance structures to be more inclusive and equitable. This stance matters to India because it seeks to challenge the dominance of a few Western powers in setting international norms, advocating instead for a system that recognises the voices of emerging economies. By calling out the selective application of global principles, India aims to protect its strategic interests, strengthen its global influence, and ensure that international rules are fairer to countries in the Global South.
What happened?
Energy ministers from over 20 nations, including advanced economies, top energy producers, and key countries from the Global South, are set to participate in the upcoming India Energy Week (IEW) 2025 in New Delhi from 11 to 14 February 2025. In addition to ministers, the event will witness the presence of foreign ambassadors, heads of prominent international organisations, and 90 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) or executive board members from some of the world’s largest Fortune 500 energy corporations.
Why it matters to India:
As one of the first major energy events of the year, IEW will set the strategic tone for the sector in 2025, addressing pressing challenges and emerging opportunities. Organised under the patronage of India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry (FIPI) and dmg events, IEW 2025 aims to foster collaboration and innovation that will shape the future of global energy. The event will host 10 country pavilions featuring nations such as the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), the Russian Federation, Japan, Germany, and the Netherlands. Additionally, eight thematic zones will focus on key sectors such as hydrogen, renewables, biofuels, and petrochemicals, providing a platform for discussing energy transition and sustainable development.
February 3, 2025
- → India Working to Cut Trade Barriers with the United States
- → Russia’s State Duma Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin Arrives in India
- → Kingdom of Morocco Eyes Direct Flights with India to Boost Trade and Tourism
- → India’s Defence Budget for 2025
- → India to revive IMEC amidst Gaza ceasefires.
- → India sets ambitious goal of 100 GW Nuclear Energy by 2047
What happened?
Amid President of the United States Donald Trump’s imposition of tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China, the Government of India, in its Union Budget for the Financial Year (FY) 2025–26 presented on 2 February 2025, significantly reduced customs duties on high-end motorcycles, luxury cars, and smartphone components—a move that could benefit American companies like Harley-Davidson, Tesla, and Apple. Additionally, India has reportedly prepared a fact sheet for diplomats from the United States on tariffs for key American products to showcase that import duties on the top 30 items (led by crude petroleum, coking coal, aeroplanes, and liquefied natural gas) from the United States are all below 7.5% as a course correction to ‘correct bad optics.’
Why it matters to India:
Despite cordial ties between the United States and India, President Trump has often grouped India with China as a “tariff abuser” country. Notably, India’s move on tariffs comes on the eve of the likely visit of Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi to the United States in mid-February, which seems to have helped persuade the Trump administration not to impose tariffs on India as it has done with Mexico, Canada, and China. Amid President Trump’s tariff threats, India’s strategic duty cuts aim to boost domestic production while mitigating trade disruptions in an unpredictable global market. For instance, according to Chairman of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, the rationalisation of tariff rates—reducing them from 15 to eight slabs, including the zero rate—should help “correct” the bad “optics” and send a clear signal to the world that “we are not a high-tariff country.”
What happened?
The Chairman of Russia’s State Duma (lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia), Vyacheslav Volodin, arrived on an official visit to India on 3 February 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The visit of Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin comes against the backdrop of a likely visit by President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin for the annual India-Russia Leaders’ Summit later this year. According to the Embassy of the Russian Federation in New Delhi, discussions during the visit will cover issues related to India-Russia cooperation in economic, cultural, educational, and technological spheres and the development of interparliamentary dialogue.
What happened?
The Kingdom of Morocco is seeking direct air connectivity with the Republic of India to support the rise in trade and tourism. While the share of Indian nationals in total arrivals is small, it is growing rapidly. Over 40,000 Indian citizens visited Morocco in 2024, marking a 43% increase compared to 2023. Indian arrivals in the country have risen by 150% compared to 2019.
Why it matters to India:
Morocco has emerged as a key supplier of phosphate-based fertilisers to India in recent years. Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) announced the establishment of a plant in Morocco in September 2024 to produce wheeled armoured platforms. Travel between the two countries is increasing, and discussions on direct flights have gathered momentum. Alongside tourism, Morocco also seeks more Indian investments in defence, information technology (IT), and logistics. It is exploring the export of fruits to India to diversify trade. Bilateral trade between the two countries stood at $2.4 billion in FY 2023–24, with faster growth in Indian exports.
What happened?
The Union Budget of the Republic of India for 2025 was presented on 1 February 2025 by the Minister of Finance, Nirmala Sitharaman. The budgetary allocations for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) were made in line with the Government of India’s vision for ‘Viksit Bharat @ 2047,’ aiming for technologically advanced, self-reliant (‘Aatmanirbhar’) armed forces. The Union Budget has allocated ₹6,81,210.27 crore for FY 2025–26 for the MoD. This allocation is 9.53% higher than the budget estimate for FY 2024–25 and accounts for 13.45% of the Union Budget, the highest among all ministries. Under capital expenditure, ₹48,614 crore has been set aside for aircraft and aero engines, while ₹24,391 crore has been allocated for the naval fleet. An amount of ₹63,099 crore has been earmarked for other equipment.
Why it matters to India:
The defence budget aligns with the Ministry of Defence’s decision to observe FY 2025–26 as the ‘Year of Reforms,’ aiming to modernise India’s armed forces and simplify the Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) to ensure the optimum utilisation of funds. A notable aspect of this budget is the enhanced investment in border security and maritime capabilities against growing challenges as neighbouring countries, particularly the People’s Republic of China, continue to advance their military capabilities, including enhancements in air power and naval fleets.
What happened?
During the ongoing Israel-Gaza ceasefire, India has reignited diplomatic efforts to advance the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar discussed the project during his recent visit to UAE from January 27-29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The IMEC aims to create a trade route from India, the Middle East, and Europe, enhancing trade and infrastructure. Despite a delay due to the Israel-Gaza conflict, India views IMEC as vital for long-term strategic influence. A successful implementation could bolster India’s role in reshaping regional supply chains, enhancing energy security, and fostering alliances with key partners like the UAE and Saudi Arabia. The conflict in Gaza had stalled IMEC’s progress by disrupting Israel-Arab normalisation efforts critical to the corridor’s northern route, heightening security risks at key ports like Haifa, and diverting diplomatic focus to ceasefire negotiations over infrastructure planning.
What happened?
India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, while presenting the Union Budget on February 01, 2025, announced a bold target of developing 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity by 2047, with a strong emphasis on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), marking a strategic shift towards sustainable and clean energy solutions.
Why it matters to India:
The 100 GW nuclear power target is part of India’s broader vision to achieve energy security while reducing carbon emissions. The announcement of this major initiative in the Union Budget is designed to foster India’s energy transition efforts and move the country closer to its long-term goal of net-zero emissions by 2070. Introducing SMRs is central to this strategy, as they promise safer, more cost-effective, and scalable nuclear power generation. The government plans to amend the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act to accelerate the growth of India’s nuclear power sector. These amendments aim to encourage greater private sector participation, which will be essential for scaling up the nuclear energy infrastructure.
By setting ambitious goals for nuclear power, the government is signalling its commitment to reducing the nation’s carbon footprint and investing in clean energy solutions. While challenges remain in terms of implementing these plans, the focus on SMRs and the increased private sector involvement are expected to pave the way for a more sustainable, resilient energy system.
January 31, 2025
- → Trump Threatens BRICS. Again.
- → India To Develop a Foundational Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model
- → The Economic Survey 2024-25: Expected Growth Rate between 6.3-6.8 Percent
What happened?
In a post nearly identical to the one made in November, ahead of the 2024 US Presidential elections, President Trump stated, “We are going to require a commitment from these seemingly hostile Countries that they will neither create a new BRICS currency nor back any other currency to replace the mighty U.S. Dollar or, they will face 100% Tariffs…”
Why it matters to India:
As part of BRICS, India has somewhat backed the promotion of trade in local currencies, and the bloc has discussed ways to reduce reliance on the US dollar for many years. Such efforts were intensified in the wake of US sanctions on Russia in the aftermath of the Ukraine war and have been largely led by Moscow and Beijing. The global debate over the possibility of de-dollarization assumed further significance as BRICS expanded last year to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran and the UAE.
However, India is largely against a BRICS currency, in part due to its warines that such a move may strenghten China’s already considerable economic dominance within the group. On the other hand, President Trump’s now-repeated threat must also be seen in the context of a possible reconfiguration in India-US trade ties as New Delhi negotiates with a new White House. In the past, Trump has called India a “very big abuser” of trade policies. Meanwhile, India enjoys a trade surplus of $35.3 billion with the US, making it one of it’s most vital economic partnerships.
What happened?
Days after a Chinese AI lab took the world by surprise through the launch of a low-cost foundational AI model, DeepSeek, the GoI has decided to build a domestic large-language model (LLM) of its own within a few months as part of the Rs. 10,370 crore IndiaAI mission. The announcement was made by Indian IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, who also called for proposals to “develop our own foundational model” for “the Indian context, languages, culture, and devoid of biases.”
Why it matters to India:
As the global AI race heated up last week, with the US in the lead and China now closer behind, India’s announcement underscores a strategic imperative to make rapid gains in order to secure the country’s techno-economic future. Even as China demonstrated its AI prowess last week, it also revealed that the cost of competition in next-generation technology may be far lower than many previously thought. In turn, this arguably lowers the entry barrier for India to compete in AI technologies with other major powers.
Towards this end, the GoI has selected ten companies that will supply approximately 18,000 Graphic Processing units (GPUs) to develop an Indian foundational AI model and also announced its intention to launch a common compute facility in the “next few days”, which will enable start-ups and researchers to access advanced services at low-costs (relative to the global average). The same is a boost to the country’s ability to make AI-based innovations and deploy models.
What happened?
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tabled the Economic Survey 2024-25 in Lok Sabha, within six months from the last one, which was presented in July 2024. As per the same, India’s real GDP is expected to grow 6.5 percent in FY25, which remains relatively stable and close to the decadal average.
Why It matters to India:
As India doubles down on its ambition to become a $5 trillion economy over the next few years, the Economic Survey is a key document that annually indicates the state of the country’s macroeconomic health, as well as comprehensive analysis of fiscal trends, monetary policy, external trade, infrastructure developments, socio-economic policies and impact, and so on.
Among many other highlights, this year’s Survey showcased strength in the country’s agriculture sector, recovery of the industrial sector to above the pre-pandemic trajectory, and the softening of retail inflation from 5.4% to 4.9%. India’s gross FDI inflows also seemed to have somewhat revived, from $47.2 billion in FY 24 (first 8 months) to $55.6 billion in the same period of FY 25. Overall, the Survey argued that “the fundamentals of the domestic economy remain robust, with a strong external account, calibrated fiscal consolidation and stable private consumption,” but highlighted that India’s growth plans will require large investments in infrastructure.
January 30, 2025
- → India-UK Free Trade Agreement Talks to Restart
- → OpenAI Chief Sam Altman Schedules India Visit
- → UN General Assembly President’s Visit to India
- → Union Cabinet approves National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)
What happened?
Britain Finance Minister Rachel Reeves on 29th January told the reporter that Britain’s business and Trade secretary would visit India to restart the talks on the Free Trade Agreement Between India and the United Kingdom.
Why it Matters to India:
India and the U.K. have been in talks for an FTA since 2022, and several rounds of talks have already been done, but the momentum slowed down after the new government’s election in the U.K.
A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the UK is crucial for boosting trade, investment, and job creation. The UK is a key trading partner for India, and bilateral trade between them exceeds $20 billion. An FTA would eliminate tariffs, benefiting Indian exports like textiles, pharmaceuticals, IT services, and automobiles. It would also ease regulatory barriers for Indian firms, increasing market access. The UK is a major investor in India, and an FTA would attract more FDI, fostering growth in manufacturing and services.
What happened?
Sam Altman, OpenAI Chief, will visit India on February 5, 2025. This will be his first visit to India after 2023 when he visited PM Shri Narendra Modi to discuss the potential of India’s AI ecosystem.
Why it Matters to India:
Big tech giants are battling for territories and users with the AI race heating up. Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft and a partner of OpenAI, announced in the first week of January 2025 a 3 billion USD investment in AI Infrastructure in India. Sam’s visit also comes at at time when his company is facing lawsuits from Indian media companies for copyright infringement.
What Happened?
The United Nations General Assembly President, Mr Philemon Yang, will visit India from February 4 to 8, 2025. He is visiting following the request made by the Indian government.
Why it Matters to India:
President Yang will be visiting Delhi and Bangalore, and his itinerary includes a call with the President of India, Draupadi Murmu, and discussions with the External Affairs Minister, Dr S. Jaishankar. One of the main objectives of Yang’s visit is to strengthen multilateral cooperation with India on global issues, including international peace and security. He is also set to visit a health facility, the Infosys Campus and the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru. Every year, the UN General Assembly President visits India to strengthen ties. Last year, H.E. Dennis Francis was on his maiden visit to India.
What happened?
The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 29th January, approved the launch of the National Critical Mineral Mission with an outlay of Rs. 16,300 crore and additional investments worth 18,000 crore expected from Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
Why it Matters to India
The NCMM will institute a ‘whole of government’ approach to reduce India’s major import dependencies (particularly on China) for minerals vital to the country’s green energy transition and manufacturing sector. Importantly, it will enhance policy support to India’s PSUs and private sector across each segment of critical mineral value chains – exploration, extraction, beneficiation, and refinement, as well as recycling minerals to introduce ‘circularity’. Moreover, it will strengthen India’s ability to acquire resources abroad and cooperate with its international partners through frameworks such as the US-led Mineral Security Partnership.
January 29, 2025
- → Dr. S. Jaishankar’s remarks at Raisina Middle East, Abu Dhabi
- → India’s digital economy set to drive nearly 20% of GDP by 2029-30
- → ISRO marks 100th mission with successful launch of navigation satellite
- → Government of India unveils draft rules to standardise time across India
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), Dr. S. Jaishankar, delivered the keynote address at the inaugural Raisina Dialogue in Abu Dhabi on January 28, 2025, highlighting the growing importance of India-Middle East relations. He emphasised that India considers the Middle East as an extended neighbourhood with which India has fully reconnected.
Why it matters to India:
EAM’s remarks are noteworthy because, in recent years, India’s bilateral relations have deepened significantly, particularly with the Gulf countries. For example, trade between India and the Gulf has reached USD 160 to 180 billion annually, with more than 9 million Indians living and working in the region. Beyond energy, India’s strategic interests encompass infrastructure, defence, technology, fertilisers, and green energy projects, including green hydrogen and submarine cables. Dr. Jaishankar also mentioned that connectivity is central to regional cooperation. Initiatives like the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) are steps toward restoring disrupted natural linkages. Maritime security and humanitarian cooperation are also areas requiring collaborative mechanisms.
What Happened?
As per the State of India’s Digital Economy Report 2024, India’s digital economy will contribute nearly one-fifth of the national income by 2029-30, surpassing agriculture and manufacturing in less than six years. With an 11.74% share in GDP in 2022-23 (INR 31.64 lakh crore or USD 402 billion), the digital economy has emerged as a key driver of economic growth.
Why it matters to India?
As per the report, India is now the third-largest digitalised country globally in terms of economy-wide digitalisation and ranks 12th among G20 countries for individual user digitalisation. Key growth drivers include artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, cloud services, and the rise of global capability centres (GCCs), with India hosting 55% of the world’s GCCs. These centres, established by multinational corporations, provide research and development (R&D) services, IT support, and business process management. In 2022-23, the digital economy employed 14.67 million people, with 58.07% of these jobs in digital-enabling industries.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully completed its 100th launch from the Sriharikota spaceport with the lift-off of a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) carrying the NVS-02 satellite on January 29, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
The GSLV-F15 flight is the 17th mission of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and the 11th successful mission using an indigenous cryogenic stage. This flight also marks the 8th operational flight of GSLV, featuring the indigenous cryogenic stage.
The NVS-02 satellite is a crucial addition to India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system, a regional navigation satellite system designed to provide precise Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) services to users in India and regions up to 1,500 km beyond its borders. This launch updates India’s Regional Navigation Satellite System from four to five satellites, enhancing service reliability and performance.
What happened?
The Government of India’s Department of Consumer Affairs has introduced the Draft Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2025, to standardise timekeeping across India. Developed in collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the rules require all sectors to adopt Indian Standard Time (IST) with millisecond accuracy, impacting industries such as telecommunications, banking, and navigation.
Why it matters to India:
The proposed rules are expected to offer numerous benefits, including enhanced precision and uniformity in time synchronisation across banking, telecommunications, transportation, and manufacturing sectors. This will lead to improved operational efficiency and better technological integration and will enhance global competitiveness.
Additionally, the adoption of IST will strengthen national security by improving the synchronisation of critical infrastructure and supporting real-time applications across sectors.
In the realm of digital governance, these rules will facilitate the reliable synchronisation of digital devices, navigation systems, and public services. It will also play an important role in ensuring accurate financial transactions and consistency in record-keeping and documentation.
With the new rules, India can benefit from greater precision in critical sectors such as navigation, telecommunications, internet services, banking, power grid synchronisation, 5G technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT).
January 28, 2025
- → UN Peacekeeping Chief thanks India and other troops contributors in Congo
- → India and China agree to resume direct flights
- → Phone call between the Indian Prime Minister and U.S. President
- → India and Oman push forward with CEPA negotiations
What happened?
UN Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix expressed gratitude to India and other nations contributing troops to the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) following the deaths of three peacekeepers last week. Countries like South Africa, Malawi, and Uruguay reported that on January 25, 2025, soldiers from their armies were killed while attempting to halt the advance of M23 rebel fighters in eastern DRC.
Why it matters to India:
India has been a key contributor to the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), deploying 1,114 troops and 160 police personnel. Indian peacekeepers have played a vital role in maintaining stability, protecting civilians, and supporting regional humanitarian efforts. With 21 personnel lost since the mission’s inception in 2010, ensuring their safety remains a top priority for India. The recent deaths and the capture of Goma, a major eastern city of DRC, by M23 rebels underscore the ongoing instability, highlighting the urgent need for stronger international cooperation and more effective peacekeeping strategies.
What happened?
India and China have agreed in principle to resume direct flights between the two nations, nearly five years after the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent political-military tensions. The announcement on January 27, 2025, came at the conclusion of a visit to Beijing by India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri.
Why it matters to India:
Mr Misri’s trip to Beijing was to follow up on a series of “people-centric steps to stabilise and rebuild ties,” according to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). A statement from MEA confirmed that the visit yielded an agreement “in principle to resume direct air services between the two countries.” The rapprochement also included agreements on improving access for journalists from both sides and facilitating Indian pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar in Tibet.
What happened?
On January 27, 2025, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with U.S. President Donald J. Trump and congratulated him on his historic second term as the 47th President of the United States. This was the first phone call between the two leaders since President Trump’s inauguration on January 20, 2025.
Why it matters:
According to a statement from India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), the two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to a mutually beneficial and trusted partnership. They discussed various aspects of the wide-ranging bilateral comprehensive global strategic partnership and measures to advance it, including technology, trade, investment, energy, and defence. The two leaders also exchanged views on global issues, including the situation in West Asia and Ukraine, and reiterated their commitment to work together to promote global peace, prosperity, and security. Notably, the White House’s official statement also mentioned plans for Prime Minister Modi to visit the White House.
What happened?
India’s Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, began his official visit to Oman to attend the 11th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) with his Omani counterpart from January 27–28, 2025. The discussions primarily will be focused on advancing negotiations for the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), strengthening bilateral trade and investment ties, and identifying new avenues for collaboration.
Why it matters to India:
The visit highlights India’s commitment to enhancing its trade and investment ties with Oman, an important partner within the Gulf Cooperation Council. Bilateral trade between the two nations reached $8.94 billion in 2023-24, reflecting the depth of their economic relationship.
The CEPA negotiations, which are at an advanced stage, are expected to gain further traction during the visit. Both sides aim for a balanced, commercially significant, mutually beneficial agreement reflecting their shared economic priorities.
January 27, 2025
- → Indian Foreign Secretary and Chinese Foreign Minister hold talks in Beijing
- → U.S. President suspends all foreign aid, including to India.
- → External Affairs Minister to visit UAE
- → Key outcomes of the state visit of the President of Indonesia to India
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary (FS) Vikram Misri, during his ongoing official visit to China, held discussions with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on 27 January 2025. The Chinese readout of the Misri-Yi meeting stated that both sides discussed the meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Kazan last December 2024. The discussions also focused on restarting practical cooperation, the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties, and India’s extended support for China’s Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Presidency.
Why it matters to India
The ongoing visit of India’s FS comes just over a month after India’s National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on 18 December 2024, in the backdrop of a border patrolling arrangement announced on 21 October 2025. The meeting marks a continuation of discussions between India and China to address political, economic, and people-to-people aspects of their relationship. According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) statement, this resumption of dialogue between the two sides aligns with agreements at the leadership level to explore the next steps in bilateral relations.
What happened?
The United States has announced the suspension of all foreign aid (putting a hold on such aid for 90 days) and ordered a review of American financial assistance to other countries to ensure it is efficient and consistent with its foreign policy under the America First agenda. The U.S. State Department has issued a halt to nearly all existing foreign assistance and paused new aid, according to an internal memo sent to officials and US embassies abroad. It makes exceptions only for emergency food aid and military funding for Israel and Egypt.
Why it matters to India
In the backdrop of U.S. President Donald Trump signing an executive order on his first day in office that no further foreign assistance will be disbursed in a manner that is not fully aligned with foreign policy, the U.S. mission in India has reported that it started a “review” to ensure their existing grants comply with executive orders. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) partners with India to address critical development challenges through the US government’s Feed the Future, Global Health, and Global Climate Change initiatives. The announcement is likely to impact programmes on the environment, health, and other such initiatives run by the US embassy and the USAID in India for decades.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) Dr S. Jaishankar will pay an official visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 27–29 January 2025.
Why it matters to India
During this upcoming visit, the EAM will meet the leadership of the UAE to review the close partnership between the two countries and explore avenues to further enhance the bilateral relationship. The EAM will also deliver the keynote address at the inaugural session of Raisina Middle East to be held in Abu Dhabi. The visit will provide an opportunity to advance the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the two countries and add new momentum to the India-UAE relationship.
What happened?
The Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto paid a state visit to India from 23–26 January 2025. He also attended the celebrations of India’s 76th Republic Day as the Chief Guest. The visit yielded significant outcomes aimed at strengthening bilateral ties across diverse sectors. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi described Indonesia an “important partner” for India in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Indo-Pacific.
Why it matters to India
In a special briefing by India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on 25 January 2025, Secretary (East) outlined key outcomes of the State visit. For instance, both sides signed important Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) in critical areas such as health cooperation, maritime safety, traditional medicine, and digital development.
Further, the emphasis on defence collaboration, particularly joint exercises and potential defence manufacturing, highlighted Indonesia’s interest in leveraging India’s expertise in maintenance and shipbuilding. Indonesia also announced the opening of its infrastructure sector to Indian investments and encouraged collaboration in ports, railways, and airports.
Among other areas, education and healthcare emerged as priority sectors, with plans for Indonesian students and doctors to train in India and for Indian institutions to explore opportunities in Indonesia. Overall, the Indonesian President’s visit not only reaffirmed India’s Act East policy but also positioned the two nations as critical partners in the region’s geopolitical and economic framework.
January 24, 2025
- → India’s Foreign Secretary to visit China
- → Indonesian President’s visit to India
- → Launch of SANJAY – Battlefield Surveillance System
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary, Shri Vikram Misri, will be visiting Beijing on 26-27 January 2025 for a meeting of the Foreign Secretary-Vice Minister mechanism between India and China.
Why it matters to India:
The announcement of the visit comes just over a month after India’s National Security Advisor Ajit Doval met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on December 18, 2024, in the backdrop of a border patrolling arrangement that was announced on October 21, 2025, followed by a meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia on October 23, 2025.
The meeting marks a continuation of discussions between India and China to address political, economic, and people-to-people aspects of their relationship. According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) statement, this resumption of dialogue between the two sides aligns with agreements at the leadership level to explore the next steps in bilateral relations.
What happened?
Indonesia’s President Prabowo Subianto landed in India on January 23, 2025, for his official visit as Chief Guest for India’s 2025 Republic Day Parade. This is the fourth time an Indonesian President will be the chief guest on India’s Republic Day after 2018, 2011, and 1950.
Why it matters to India:
The Indonesian President’s visit to India is symbolic of the growing strategic partnership between the two countries. In his meetings with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, expected on January 25, the agenda will focus on food, energy and health security, alongside defence deals, including Brahmos, for which Indonesia is keen to have the transfer of technology.
What happened?
In a major step toward modernising the Indian Army’s surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities, India’s Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) in New Delhi on January 24, 2025.
Why its matters to India:
According to a press release from the Ministry of Defence—the system will significantly improve battlefield transparency, giving the Army’s Command and Headquarters an accurate, real-time view to support decision-making through a centralised web application. The system will act as a crucial force multiplier in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations, enhancing the Army’s ability to operate in conventional and sub-conventional operations within a network-centric environment. The system’s launch signifies a major step toward data-driven and network-centric warfare for Indian armed forces.
January 23, 2025
- → WEF report: India leads in tech-driven growth
- → Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) set to commission a green hydrogen plant
- → India’s External Affairs Ministry to Organise Technology Dialogue 2025
- → India opens to legitimate return of undocumented Indians: Jaishankar
What happened?
According to a World Economic Forum (WEF) report, India stands at the forefront as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and a global hub for startups and digital innovation. The Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) India, a part of the WEF, released its six-year impact journey report at the WEF Annual Meeting on January 20, 2025.
Why it matters to India
The WEF report highlights India’s growing leadership in leveraging emerging technologies for societal transformation. It showcases how C4IR India has driven impactful AI, agriculture, healthcare, and urban development initiatives, directly improving the lives of over 1.25 million citizens. By outlining ambitious future goals, such as scaling these technologies to reach 10 million citizens and advancing climate, space, and aerial mobility solutions, the report underscores India’s role as a global hub for innovation.
What happened?
In an important step towards sustainability, the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) is set to commission its green hydrogen plant in Panipat, Haryana, within the next two years. This was revealed by IOC’s Chairman Arvinder Singh Sahney at the World Economic Forum 2025 in Davos, Switzerland.
Why it matters to India
The plant, when commissioned, will have a production capacity of 10,000 tons per annum. The plant aims to bolster India’s green energy mission, contributing to a sustainable and carbon-neutral future.
What happened?
The Ministry is organising the inaugural edition of “Technology Dialogue” from 24-25 January 2025 in Bengaluru, in collaboration with the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India and the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.
Why it matters to India
The event will be the first of its kind. Track 1.5 Dialogue will be organised, focusing on technology policy and partnerships. The theme of the inaugural edition of the Dialogue is “Exploring New Frontiers in Technology Diplomacy”. Over the course of the Dialogue, senior policymakers, industry leaders, scientists and scholars will deliberate on key issues relating to the technology domain, including India’s international technology engagements, leveraging strategic partnerships on critical and emerging technologies, with a focus on developments in Quantum Advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semiconductors, Space and Bioeconomy.
What happened?
Addressing a press conference on January 22, 2025, in Washington D.C., India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM), S. Jaishankar, clarified India’s stance on its citizens residing ‘illegally’ abroad. He stated that India is prepared to facilitate the fair and lawful return of its citizens living unlawfully in the United States or other countries. This statement comes in the context of EAM’s first bilateral meeting with the new U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, on January 21, 2025, wherein the U.S. side flagged the issue of ‘irregular migration’ from India.
Why it matters to India
Having high stakes in promoting the ‘legal’ mobility of Indian talent and skill-based global workforce, EAM S. Jaishankar’s comments appear to signal the U.S. about India’s willingness to address the issue of illegal mobility and illegal migration. He insisted that India has always been open to the legitimate return of undocumented Indians, noting that New Delhi is still in the process of verifying those from the US who can be deported to India.
January 22, 2025
- → Joint Statement by Quad Foreign Ministers
- → U.S. Secretary of State Rubio’s First Bilateral Meeting with India’s EAM
- → Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Advisor Visits China
- → Key Outcomes from India’s Recent Engagements with the Philippines, Palau, and the Federated States of Micronesia
What happened?
Quad foreign ministers from the U.S., India, Japan, and Australia met on January 22, 2025. The group reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening a free and open Indo-Pacific through a joint statement.
Why it matters to India
This maiden Quad foreign ministers’ meeting in 2025 marked the first significant foreign policy event of the newly inaugurated Trump administration and the new U.S. Secretary of State, Marco Rubio. During the meeting, Quad ministers agreed to New Delhi’s plan to host the summit this year, with planned visits by Quad leaders to India. Through a joint statement, the Quad reiterated their shared commitment to fostering a free and open Indo-Pacific where “sovereignty and territorial integrity are upheld and defended” and cautioned against “any unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force.”
What happened?
Newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State (SoS) Marco Rubio met India’s External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar for their first bilateral meeting on January 21, 2025. Both sides reviewed the extensive bilateral partnership and reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening U.S.-India ties.
Why it matters to India
The decision of the U.S. Secretary of State to choose his Indian counterpart for his first bilateral meeting underscores the importance of the new Trump administration’s focus on strengthening relations with India. The discussions centred on critical and emerging technologies, defence cooperation, energy, and advancing a free and open Indo-Pacific region. Notably, the official U.S. readout of the meeting highlighted the Trump administration’s desire to work with India to advance economic ties and address concerns related to irregular migration.
What happened?
Bangladesh’s interim government’s Advisor for Foreign Affairs, Md Touhid Hossain, is visiting China from January 20 to 24, 2025. During his visit, Hossain has held discussions with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. The discussions primarily focused on the issue of Chinese debt owed by Bangladesh.
Why it matters to India
Amid the political crisis in Bangladesh since August 2024, China has intensified its diplomatic activities in the country. For instance, Chinese representatives have held meetings with student leaders and political party representatives who played a key role in toppling Sheikh Hasina’s government. Notably, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), 73% of Bangladesh’s military imports between 2010 to 2020 came from China. Bangladesh also owes over $6 billion in debt to China. Therefore, Advisor Touhid Hossain’s decision to choose China for his first bilateral visit, reaffirming Bangladesh’s commitment to China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China’s decision to extend Bangladesh’s loan repayment period appear to signal the growing influence of China in the neighbourhood, which is a concern for India.
What happened?
India’s Minister of State (MoS) for External Affairs, Pabitra Margherita, completed his visit to the Philippines, the Republic of Palau, and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from January 14 to 21, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
These visits by India’s MoS highlights India’s efforts to strengthen its Act East Policy and broaden its vision for the Indo-Pacific region. In a statement issued on January 22, 2025, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) outlined the key outcomes of the visit. For instance, during MoS visit to the Philippines, the discussions were held with key leaders marking the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In Palau, the MoS attended the presidential inauguration, discussed bilateral cooperation, and gifted water tanks for harvesting rainwater to support local development. In FSM, MoS held extensive talks with leaders to enhance bilateral ties and development cooperation. The MoS also had a short stopover in Guam, a U.S. territory, where he interacted with the local Indian community.
January 21, 2025
- → The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue
- → India- France Bilateral Meeting
- → U.S. President threatened BRICS with high tariffs
- → U.S. President Trump’s Executive Orders
- → India nominated to two important UN Panels
What happened?
The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue was held in New Delhi on 14 January 2025. It was co-chaired by Pavan Kapoor, Deputy National Security Advisor, and Alice Rufo, Director General for International Relations and Strategy, Ministry for the Armed Forces, France. The discussions primarily focused on enhancing bilateral cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
Why it matters to India
The 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue is significant for India as it reinforced the strategic partnership between India and France in the IOR, underscoring India’s commitment to regional stability and sustainable ocean governance. Notably, both India and France share a vision for a free and open Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Both sides agreed to develop a joint assessment of the threats to maritime security in the region and agreed to work jointly towards countering illicit maritime activities–including piracy and armed robbery, maritime terrorism, contraband smuggling, illegal unreported and unregulated fishing along with tackling hybrid as well as cyber security threats and marine pollution.
What happened?
India and France held foreign office consultations in Paris on 20th January 2025. The meeting was co-chaired by the Foreign Secretary of India, Vikram Misri and the Secretary-General of the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, Anne-Marie Descôtes. During the meeting, both sides reviewed their past cooperation efforts and discussed the roadmap for India-France Horizon 2047.
Why it Matters to India
Horizon 2047 is a strategic roadmap launched by India and France in July 2023 to deepen their bilateral partnership over the next 25 years, culminating in 2047, which marks 100 years of India’s independence. The discussions focused upon—artificial intelligence, civil nuclear energy, cultural ties, institutional dialogue mechanisms, among others. Both sides have reached an agreement to expand the partnership in high-end technology sectors. There were also discussions on climate change, the environment, and health.
What happened?
U.S. President Donald Trump once again threatened BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) with high tariffs if the group tried to replace the usage of the dollar in global trade.
Why it Matters to India
Globally, countries have been making efforts to reduce their dependence on the U.S.-led financial system. There have been deliberations within BRICS for conducting trade transactions in the regional currencies. For instance, in 2022, during the Ukraine-Russia war, the Reserve Bank of India permitted the usage of Indian rupees as currency in payments of international trade.
What happened?
The new U.S. President, Donald Trump, signed his first set of executive orders on his first day in office after taking oath on January 20, 2025. Some of the noteworthy executive orders include the withdrawal of the USA from the Paris Agreement, the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the restriction of birthright citizenship.
Why it Matters to India
Donald Trump’s executive orders could have significant implications for India across various domains. His decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement will weaken global climate finance and support mechanisms, which are crucial for India’s clean energy transitions and climate resilience efforts. In the realm of global health, Trump’s move to withdraw U.S. funding from the World Health Organization (WHO) disrupted international health initiatives, indirectly affecting India’s ability to combat pandemics, access vaccines, and benefit from coordinated global health strategies. Additionally, his executive orders restricting birthright citizenship in the U.S. created legal uncertainties for Indian migrants, particularly those with children born in America, potentially reducing the opportunities for Indians to secure U.S. citizenship through family ties.
What happened?
In January 2025, India was nominated to the United Nations Statistical Council and the UN Committee of Experts on Big Data Science for official statistics (UN-CEBD). India will help formulate global practices to use data science in official statistics.
Why it Matters to India
India’s membership in the UN Statistical Council and nomination to the UN-CEBD bolster its global statistical reputation, enabling it to influence global norms on big data. It highlights India’s advancements in AI, satellite imagery, and alternate data for policymaking while reflecting domestic reforms to standardize and modernize statistical systems. In the election held in April 2023 by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), India got 46 votes out of 53 for the membership of the United Nations Statistical Council.
January 20, 2025
- → Quad Foreign Ministers at Trump Inauguration
- → 5th Meeting of the India-Italy Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism and Organised Crime
- → India’s Commerce Minister Visits EU
What happened?
Soon after President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on 20 January 2025, the foreign ministers of Australia, India, and Japan will gather in Washington D.C. for an important diplomatic meeting with the U.S. Secretary of State-designate, Marco Rubio.
Why it matters to India
Scheduled for 21 January 2025, this meeting marks the first major diplomatic event of the Trump presidency. It is expected to underscore the Quad’s commitment to maintaining a stable, secure, and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. The meeting will also provide an opportunity to address concerns about a potential shift in U.S. foreign policy under the second Trump administration.
What happened?
The 5th meeting of the India-Italy Joint Working Group (JWG) on Counter Terrorism and Organised Crime was held on 16-17 January 2025 in Rome, Italy. The meeting was co-chaired by Mr. K.D. Dewal, Joint Secretary for Counter-Terrorism in the Ministry of External Affairs, and Mr Alessandro Azzoni, Senior Deputy Director for Political Affairs and Director for Security at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Why it matters to India
This meeting is significant for enhancing bilateral cooperation in tackling terrorism and organised crime. Discussions on emerging threats, misuse of technology, and capacity building reflect India’s strategic focus on international collaboration. Strengthening ties with Italy and reaffirming commitments in multilateral forums like the United Nations (UN) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) bolsters India’s global counterterrorism efforts and its role in ensuring regional and international security.
What happened?
India’s Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal, met with Maroš Šefčovič, European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, for a High-Level Dialogue from 18-19 January 2025 in Brussels. Minister Goyal outlined six principles to strengthen the India-EU partnership: focusing on shared values, equitable trade, harmonised standards, resilient supply chains, sustainable development, and leveraging India’s technological potential.
Why it matters to India
The visit of India’s Commerce and Industry Minister to the EU is significant in the context of ongoing India-EU FTA negotiations. Both sides emphasised creating a robust Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and addressing pending trade issues. They directed their negotiating teams to expedite consultations and review progress under the India-EU Trade and Technology Council. Bilateral trade between India and the EU accounted for over USD 180 billion in 2023-24, and the EU remains a major source of Foreign Direct Investment into India, contributing USD 117.34 billion.
January 18, 2025
- → India and U.S. sign MoU on Cybercrime investigations
- → Union Cabinet approves establishing a ‘Third Launch Pad (TLP)’ at Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
- → Russia and Iran sign Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty
- → Jaishankar delivers Nani Palkhivala Memorial Lecture
What happened?
India and the US signed an MoU to enhance cooperation in cybercrime investigations on 17 January 2025 in Washington, DC. The MoU was signed by Ambassador of India to the United States, Shri Vinay Kwatra and Ms. Kristie Canegallo, the Acting United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS).
Why it matters to India
The MoU would allow the respective agencies of the two countries to step up the level of cooperation and training with respect to the use of cyber threat intelligence and digital forensics in criminal investigations.
What happened?
In a significant decision, India’s Union cabinet approved the plan to establish the Third Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Why it matters to India
This proposed third launch pad (TLP) will greatly enhance India’s national capacity to undertake human spaceflight & space exploration missions. The launchpad is to be established within 4 years.
What happened?
On January 17, 2025, Russia and Iran signed a twenty-year strategic partnership treaty in Moscow. According to Iranian and Russian officials, this newly signed “comprehensive strategic partnership treaty” covers areas ranging from trade and military cooperation to science, culture, and education.
Why it matters to India?
India shares cordial and friendly relations with Russia and Iran bilaterally and under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) multilateral framework. Notably, India also has a stake in the North-South Transport Corridor (NSTC), which Russia and Iran are now actively collaborating to complete as part of a newly signed strategic partnership treaty. The ambitious 7,200-km-long trade corridor seeks to link Russia’s Baltic Sea coast to India’s western ports in the Arabian Sea through Azerbaijan and Iran. Iran and Russia are critical regional partners for India.
What happened?
Delivering his 1st significant foreign policy lecture for the new year 2025, External affairs minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar delivered the 19th Nani A. Palkivala Memorial Lecture in Mumbai on January 18, 2025.
Why it matters to India
In his lecture, Dr. S. Jaishankar spoke in length about the wide expanse of areas covered in the ambit of Indian foreign policy and underlined India’s diplomatic approach in the last decade. EAM argued that “India’s approach can be summed up in terms… mutual respect, mutual sensitivity, and mutual interest.” Deliberating further on India’s image in the world, EAM stated that the “[g]rowing on the tradition of openness, we see our position as that of the Vishwabandhu, a reliable partner and a dependable friend. Our endeavour is to maximise friendships and minimise problems”. EAM suggested that this is done by taking India’s interests into consideration.
January 17, 2025
- → India to tap private sector investment in nuclear power
- → India-Czech Republic Foreign Office consultations
- → India’s Union Cabinet approved aircraft leasing bill
- → Singapore President’s visit to Odisha
What happened?
India’s Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), the country’s state-owned nuclear power operator, has issued a request for proposals (RFP) inviting Indian industries to finance and construct a fleet of 220 MW Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs). These reactors are intended for both captive use and power sales in accordance with government regulations. This initiative aligns with India’s goal of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2070, contributing to reducing the nation’s carbon footprint.
Why it matters to India
The release of the RFP follows a statement by Minister of State Jitendra Singh on December 4, 2024, which outlined the government’s vision for Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs).
Additionally, India’s Union Budget of July 2024 had announced plans to open the nuclear sector to private investment, specifically for the development of BSRs. This move marks a significant step in India’s strategy to involve private enterprises in the nuclear sector. It also sends a positive message to India’s international partners, including the U.S., showcasing its commitment to modernising its energy infrastructure and fostering international collaboration.
What happened?
On January 15, 2025, India and the Czech Republic held their 8th round of Foreign Office Consultations (FOC) in New Delhi. The meeting was co-chaired by Shri M. Anand Prakash, Joint Secretary (Central Europe) at India’s Ministry of External Affairs, and Ms. Katerina Sequensova, Director General of the Non-European Countries, Economic and Development Cooperation Section at the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Why it matters to India
Last year, in January 2024, India and the Czech Republic agreed to elevate their relationship in innovative sectors to a Strategic Partnership on Innovation. Both sides conducted a comprehensive review of bilateral, regional, and international issues during the FOC talks. The discussions focused on progress in political relations, including exchanging high-level visits, trade and investment, cooperation in science and technology, defence partnerships, and people-to-people contacts, particularly through student mobility between the two countries.
What happened?
As part of key reforms in India’s civil aviation sector, the Union Cabinet approved the Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2024, on January 17, 2025. This bill aims to lower leasing and financing costs for Indian carriers, which is expected to reduce airfares. Currently, the majority of commercial aircraft in India are leased. The bill will now be presented to Parliament for approval.
Why it matters to India:
Once enacted, the bill will ratify the Cape Town Convention, a global treaty that secures the rights of lessors to repossess high-value equipment, such as aircraft, helicopters, and engines, in the event of payment defaults. Although India is a signatory to the convention, it has not yet been ratified by Parliament. This legislation will enable the Indian government to establish rules for implementing the convention and its protocols, boosting lessor confidence in the Indian civil aviation sector. Consequently, this is expected to lower lending costs and positively impact airfares.
What happened?
Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam is visiting the Indian coastal state of Odisha as part of his ongoing visit to India from January 17-18, 2025. At least eight Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) will be signed during this visit, focusing on skill development, industrial infrastructure, and sustainable energy.
Why it matters to India
Singapore has previously partnered with Indian states such as Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. The current focus on Odisha represents Singapore’s effort to broaden its partnerships in India, particularly in the semiconductor sector. For instance, an MoU will be signed with Odisha to extend cooperation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), aiming to enhance the skill development ecosystem for the semiconductor industry in the state.
January 16, 2025
- → India welcomes Israel-Hamas ceasefire announcement
- → India, Bangladesh to hold talks on border fencing and infiltration
- → Indonesian President to be the chief guest at India’s Republic Day celebrations.
- → ISRO successfully docks satellites as part of the SpaDeX Mission
- → U.S. lifts decades-old restrictions on three Indian entities
What happened?
India expressed its support for the recently announced ceasefire and hostage release agreement between Israel and Hamas that will come into effect from January 19, 2025.
Why it matters to India
Issuing a statement on January 16, 2025, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), while welcoming “the announcement of the agreement for the release of hostages and a ceasefire in Gaza,” reiterated India’s long-standing position of calling for the release of all hostages, a ceasefire, and a return to diplomacy and dialogue. The Israel-Hamas ceasefire is crucial for India’s interests in the Middle East, such as the safety and well-being of its diaspora, and most notably for its plans to push for the Middle East Europe corridor.
What happened?
India and Bangladesh will hold a four-day Director General (DG)-level meeting with discussions on border fencing and infiltration to be among top agenda. The 55th edition of these bi-annual talks will take place between February 16-19, led by India’s Border Security Force (BSF) DG and Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) chief. This will be the first such meeting since the ouster of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 05, 2024.
Why it matters to India
This twice postponed meeting is taking place in the backdrop of ongoing border tensions between the two sides on the construction of fences along the international border, which resulted in both sides summoning each other’s High Commissioners recently. While Bangladesh has expressed “deep concern” about India’s fence construction along the border, India, on the other hand, insisted that it is following all the protocols and agreements regarding “security measures at the border.”
What happened?
India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), in a statement on January 16, 2025, announced that “[a]t the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, President of the Republic of Indonesia H.E Prabowo Subianto will pay a State Visit to India during 25-26 January 2025. President Prabowo will also be the Chief Guest for India’s 76th Republic Day celebrations.”
Why it matters to India
A comprehensive strategic partner, Indonesia is an important pillar in India’s Act East Policy and its vision for the Indo-Pacific. Notably, Indonesia formally joined the BRICS, an intergovernmental organisation, on January 6, 2025. Indonesia has also formally expressed interest in acquiring the BrahMos missile system from India in the backdrop of China’s assertive actions in the South China Sea. The $450 million deal will be discussed during Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to India.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced the successful completion of the docking of the SpaceX satellites on January 16, 2025.
Why it matters to India
The docking procedure was postponed several times due to technical issues, but now, with the successful docking of satellites, India has become the fourth country after the US, Russia, and China to accomplish the feat. The success of SpaceX is vital for India’s space ambitions and also opens new frontiers for the Indian military’s space-based programmes. It is pertinent to note that docking technology enables larger space structures, satellite refuelling, long-term maintenance, and sustainable exploration. It also supports sample return missions and reduces space debris, making space operations safer and more efficient.
What happened?
The United States Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) on January 15, 2025, removed three prominent Indian government-run entities—Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), and Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)—from the Entity List, paving the way for advanced energy cooperation between the U.S. and India. Notably, following India’s nuclear tests in 1998, the U.S. had imposed an embargo on Indian atomic energy companies.
Why it mattered to India
The decision comes in the backdrop of the January 06, 2025 visit of U.S. National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan to India, wherein he had announced that the U.S. was finalising the necessary steps for the removal of regulations that had prevented civil nuclear cooperation between India’s leading nuclear entities and U.S. companies. The move marks a significant step in operationalising the 2008 nuclear deal, strengthening US-India relations and expanding joint efforts in nuclear and space technologies.
January 15, 2025
- → India, Oman hold fifth round of talks for proposed FTA
- → India well positioned as global hub for data centres
- → Indian Navy commissions three frontline combatants
- → Top Bangladeshi military official is on a rare visit to Pakistan
- → India raises concerns with Russia over the death of an Indian national
- → Russia bats for India’s inclusion in the Afghanistan Quad
What happened?
On January 13, 2025, India and Oman held a two-day fifth round of talks for a proposed free trade agreement (FTA). The first round of formal negotiations for the agreement, officially dubbed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), were held in November 2023. Despite progress, the earlier negotiations hit a roadblock amid differences over market access for petrochemical products.
Why it matters to India
A comprehensive trade deal with Oman is a part of India’s keenness to improve its relations with West Asian nations. Oman is part of the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and bilateral trade between India and Oman has reached $8.9 billion in the financial year 2023-24. Among the GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE), India already has a trade agreement with the UAE, which was signed in February 2022.
What happened?
India’s Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal, has emphasised India’s potential to become a global hub for data centres. Speaking at the Thuglak 55th-year anniversary program in Chennai on January 14, 2025, the Minister highlighted Government of India’s efforts to enhance country’s infrastructure and boosting investments in the technology sector.
Why it matters to India
Minister Piyush Goyal’s remarks underline India’s progress in strengthening its energy infrastructure. For instance, the Minister highlighted that India’s interconnected power grid, established within three years by the Union Government, has eliminated cost differences between northern and southern regions. He further noted that India’s ability to provide green and reliable energy solutions has drawn global attention, creating opportunities in areas such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and technology-driven businesses.
What happened?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated three frontline naval combatants to the nation upon their commissioning on January 15, 2025. These naval combatants –Nilgiri, the lead ship of the Project 17A stealth frigate class; Surat, the fourth and final ship of the Project 15B stealth destroyer class; and Vaghsheer, the sixth and final submarine of the Scorpene-class project, were commissioned at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai.
Why it matters to India
All three platforms have been designed and constructed entirely at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai, a testament to India’s growing self-reliance in the critical domain of defence production. A statement from the prime minister’s office stated that the commissioning of the three major naval combatants marks a significant leap in realising India’s vision of becoming a global leader in defence manufacturing and maritime security.
What happened?
A top Bangladeshi military official—Lieutenant General Kamarul Hassan, Principal Staff Officer (PSO) of the Armed Forces Division of Bangladesh, is on a rare visit to Pakistan and held meetings with senior Pakistan military leadership at the General Headquarters in (GHQ) in Rawalpindi on January 14, 2025. As per Pakistan’s Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the discussions focused on matters of “mutual strategic interest” wherein both sides explored avenues for enhancing bilateral defence cooperation.
Why it matters to India
This latest visit underscores an ongoing shift in bilateral ties between Bangladesh and Pakistan since former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina stepped down. Noteworthy, this visit by a top Bangladeshi military official to Pakistan took place in the backdrop of India’s deteriorating ties
with Bangladesh, with most recently both sides summoning each other’s top envoys. Under Mohammad Yunus’ leadership, Bangladesh’s interim government has undertaken a number of steps to strengthen ties with Pakistan, which are perceived as detrimental to India’s security concerns.
What happened?
On January 14, 2025, India ‘strongly’ raised the matter with Russia of the killing of Indian national Binil Babu, a native of Kerala’s Thrissur, who was killed due to a drone attack while fighting on Russia-Ukraine war frontlines.
Why it mattered to India
This incident underscores the ongoing issue of Indian nationals being recruited into Russia’s armed forces—many of whom were allegedly duped by fake recruiters. Back in October 2024, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri had stated that 85 Indians had been discharged from the Russian military and efforts were on the secure the release of 20 more. Since then, India has been pressing Russia for an early discharge of all the remaining Indian nationals in the Russian armed forces.
What happened?
On January 14, 2025, Russia’s foreign minister Sergei Lavrov called for the inclusion of India in the Quad grouping on Afghanistan, which currently has China, Pakistan, Iran and Russia as members. This four-country Quad group is focused towards stabilising and aiding Afghanistan.
Why it matters to India
The last time, the Afghan Quad countries met at the foreign ministers’ level back in November 2024 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly. The Russian foreign minister’s comments are significant at a time when India has increased its engagement with the Taliban government in Kabul. On January 8, 2025, Indian foreign secretary Vikram Misri and Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi met in Dubai and discussed Chabahar port and Indian humanitarian assistance, among other issues.
January 14, 2025
- → 5G connectivity at Siachen Glacier
- → India sends second tranche of food grain assistance to Lesotho
- → Visit of MoS for External Affairs to the Philippines, Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia
- → India commemorates 150 years of its meteorological department
- → Visit of External Affairs Minister to Spain
What happened?
In the run-up to Army Day on January 15, 2025, Reliance JIO (private sector telecom giant), in partnership with the Indian Army’s Fire and Fury Corps, announced the successful installation of a 5G base station at Siachen glacier.
Why it matters to India
The move will enable high-speed internet connectivity for Indian soldiers posted at 16,000 feet in the Karakoram range. The area, which is often referred to as the world’s highest battleground, is characterised by extreme weather conditions, with temperatures plummeting to as much as -50 degrees Celsius. This development underscores the Indian army’s use of new technological advancements in partnership with the private sector to secure India’s defences in border regions.
What happened?
India dispatched a second tranche of consignment on January 13, 2025, to the southern African nation of Lesotho. The assistance comprises 1000 metric tonnes of sorghum (jowar) to help tackle Lesotho’s food shortage crisis as a result of El Niño-induced drought.
Why it matters to India
The food grain assistance underscores India’s commitment to South-South cooperation and solidarity with the southern African nation. Previously, in December 2024, India dispatched 1000 metric tonnes of rice to Lesotho.
What happened?
India’s Minister of State (MoS) for External Affairs, Shri Pabitra Margherita, will visit the Philippines, the Republic of Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from 14-21 January 2025.
Why it matters to India
According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), MoS Margherita’s visit to the Philippines on 14 January 2025 will coincide with the 75th anniversary of India-Philippines bilateral relations. On 16 January, in the Republic of Palau, Margherita will attend the swearing-in ceremony of President Surangel Whipps Jr. and will also meet with Palau’s
leadership to discuss development projects undertaken by India in the country. On 18 January, Margherita will travel to the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) for the first-ever ministerial-level visit from India. Overall, these official visits to the Indo-Pacific region are part of India’s ongoing efforts to strengthen its Act East Policy and broader vision for the Indo-Pacific.
What happened?
India is commemorating 150 years of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Established in 1875 during the British colonial era, the IMD will complete 150 years of service on 15th January 2025. To mark this historic occasion, India has also invited officials from countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh (who were part of undivided British India) and other neighbouring countries like Nepal, Afghanistan, Myanmar, etc.
Why it matters to India
On January 14, 2025, while describing IMD as a symbol of India’s scientific journey, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled ‘Mission Mausam’ and released IMD’s Vision-2047 document for weather resilience and climate change adaptation in a push towards making India a climate-smart nation while underscoring India’s commitment towards a sustainable future and climate readiness. It is worth noting that IMD’s flash flood guidance system has been providing critical information to neighbouring countries, including Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, over the years.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, is on a two-day visit to Spain from 13 to 14 January 2025. This will be his first visit as India’s External Affairs Minister to Spain.
Why it matters to India
During this ongoing visit, India and Spain announced signing two key agreements—one focused on sports and the other on sustainable urban development. Both sides stated that 2026 would be designated a “dual year” to celebrate India-Spain collaboration in culture, artificial intelligence, and tourism. Notably, Dr. S. Jaishankar was also invited by Spain’s Foreign Minister to address the Spanish ambassadors at a global conference, which underscored the growing significance of India’s role on the global stage.
January 13, 2025
- → India’s Union Minister of Coal & Mines to visit Saudi Arabia
- → EAM Jaishankar to represent India at Trump’s swearing-in ceremony
- → Maha Kumbh Mela – 2025
- → India and Bangladesh summon each other’s top envoys
What happened?
India’s Union Minister of Coal & Mines, Shri G. Kishan Reddy, will visit Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 14-16, 2025. He will attend the Ministerial Round Table at the Future Minerals Forum 2025, a global event focused on mineral supply chains and energy transition. During the visit, Shri Reddy will also meet with mining ministers from various countries and interact with the Indian diaspora in Riyadh.
Why it matters to India
Energy cooperation is a central pillar of Indo-Saudi bilateral ties, with Saudi Arabia being a key partner in India’s energy security. This visit highlights the growing potential for India-Saudi Arabia collaboration, especially at the business-to-business (B2B) level in the mining sector. In 2024, Saudi Arabia approved $9.32 billion in investment deals in metals and mining involving companies from India, China, and other nations. This created significant opportunities for Indian firms like Vedanta to expand their presence in this critical sector.
What happened?
India’s External Affairs Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, will represent India at the swearing-in ceremony of President-elect Donald Trump on January 20, 2025. Invited by the Trump-Vance Inaugural Committee, this marks Jaishankar’s second visit to the U.S. in the recent past, following his meeting with the incoming U.S. national security advisor (NSA)-designate Mike Waltz on December 27, 2024.
Why it matters to India
This visit is crucial for strengthening India-US diplomatic ties as the new incoming U.S. administration takes office. Jaishankar’s discussions with new U.S. representatives and other visiting international dignitaries will play a key role in shaping future collaborations, emphasising India’s commitment to maintaining strong bilateral relations.
What happened?
The grand 45-day Maha Kumbh Mela commenced on January 13, 2025, at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This significant Hindu festival, celebrated every 12 years, coincides with a unique 144-year cycle in 2025 and is expected to draw more than 400 million visitors, both Indians and foreign tourists, in one of the largest human gatherings.
Why it matters to India
The Maha Kumbh Mela is a profound spiritual event and a showcase of India’s rich cultural heritage and modern technological advancements. It enhances India’s soft power by demonstrating its capacity to harmonise ancient traditions with contemporary innovation, promoting values of faith, unity, and coexistence on a global stage.
What happened?
On January 13, 2025, India summoned Bangladesh’s deputy high commissioner, Nural Islam, a day after Dhaka summoned Indian High Commissioner Pranay Verma. Dhaka has expressed “deep concern” over India’s Border Security Force (BSF) activities, particularly the construction of fences at five border locations.
Why it matters to India
Bangladesh claims India’s actions (constructing fences) violate a bilateral agreement. The interim Bangladeshi government blames “unequal agreements” from the Sheikh Hasina era for the current border issues. For India, enhancing border security is the topmost priority through BSF’s fencing initiatives.
January 11, 2025
- → US announces sanctions on Russia’s energy sector, two Indian companies named
- → Foxconn stops sending Chinese workers to India iPhone factories
- → Indian Prime Minister Modi to visit Paris for AI summit next month
- → Singapore President to embark on an official visit to India
What happened
On January 10, 2025, the outgoing Biden administration announced sweeping sanctions on Russia’s energy sector, targeting over 200 entities and individuals, including major Russian oil producers and maritime services. Two Indian companies, Skyhart Management Services and Avision Management Services, were sanctioned for transporting Russian LNG. These measures aim to curtail Russia’s revenue, which funds its military activities, by limiting its access to global markets and U.S. services related to oil production.
Why it matters to India
The new sanctions are the most direct and aggressive step taken by the Biden administration against Russia’s energy sector. India may face significant disruptions in Russian oil supplies, pushing refiners to seek alternatives from West Asia and the U.S., likely increasing costs. The sanctions on Indian firms underscore the geopolitical complexities impacting India’s energy security and diplomatic relations with the U.S. and Russia.
What Happened?
Taiwanese firm Foxconn, a major manufacturing partner for Apple, is reportedly halting new work rotations for its Chinese employees at its iPhone factories in India, opting to send Taiwanese workers instead. At the same time, China appears to be disrupting Apple’s iPhone production in India by delaying shipments of specialised manufacturing equipment. These moves are widely seen as China’s attempt to block India from becoming a serious competitor in the global manufacturing landscape.
Why it matters to India
In FY2024, Apple assembled $14 billion worth of iPhones in India through plants operated by Foxconn, Pegatron, and Tata Group. Any disruption to Foxconn’s factories in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka could impact iPhone production and hinder Apple’s efforts to reduce its reliance on Chinese manufacturing by diversifying operations in India. An important space to watch.
What happened?
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi will travel to Paris in February 2024 for a bilateral visit and to attend the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit being hosted by France. The summit will focus on five key areas: innovation and culture, global AI governance, public interest, the future of work, and trust in AI. The summit aims to facilitate global dialogue on AI’s development and regulation.
Why it matters to India
Prime Minister Modi’s participation in this upcoming AI summit aligns with India’s commitment to be part of initiatives pertaining to responsible development, deployment, and adoption of AI. The summit’s discussions will also address critical topics like AI misuse and misinformation, areas of concern for India. President Macron highlighted India’s crucial role in global AI discourse alongside major players like the US, China, and the Gulf nations. Additionally, two significant defence deals (26 Rafale-M fighter jets and three additional Scorpene-class submarines) valued at over $10 billion are also expected to be finalised.
What happened?
On January 15, 2025, Singapore’s President Tharman Shanmugaratnam will begin an important visit to India, marking the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. During the visit, from January 14 to 18, India and Singapore are expected to sign two skill development agreements. This will be Shanmugaratnam’s first state visit to India and the first by any Singaporean president in the last decade.
Why it matters to India
In 2024, India and Singapore elevated their ties to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP), highlighting their increasing alignment in economic, technological, and geopolitical matters. Singapore is one of India’s key trading partners in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with bilateral trade reaching USD 35.61 billion in FY 2023-24.
January 10, 2025
- → India-US collaboration on counterterrorism
- → ISRO’s SpaDex mission ready for another docking attempt
- → Taliban urges India to grant visas, assures security vetting
- → Hurricane relief: India steps up for Cuba
What happened?
Addressing a gathering on ‘Peace and the Role of the US-India Defence and Security Partnership’ on January 09, 2025, in Mumbai, U.S Ambassador to India, Eric Garcetti, spoke about progress achieved in counter-terror and de-radicalisation cooperation between the two countries. He also stated that India and the U.S. are working together towards the de-radicalisation of vulnerable communities in the fight against terror.
Why it matters to India
Ambassador Garcetti’s remarks reflect India’s and the U.S.’s multifaceted approach towards counter-terrorism, which goes beyond military responses. Garcetti’s advocacy for community development, economic opportunities, and addressing societal imbalances aligns with India’s holistic strategy to promote long-term peace and stability, particularly in vulnerable communities, thereby reducing the chances of radicalisation.
What happened?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will attempt another space docking (SpaDeX) attempt of two satellites launched on December 30, 2024, after two earlier attempts were postponed due to unforeseen satellite drift on January 08, 2025. The drift occurred when two satellites moved further apart during a manoeuvre to reduce their distance. The historic mission involves a step-by-step approach to bring two satellites closer, aiming to dock them together.
Why it matters to India
The success of SpaDeX is vital for India’s space ambitions. Docking technology enables larger space structures, satellite refuelling, long-term maintenance, and sustainable exploration. It also supports sample return missions and reduces space debris, making
space operations safer and more efficient. A successful docking would position India as the fourth country after the United States, Russia, and China to master this advanced space technology.
What happened?
India and the Taliban held their first high-level meeting on January 08, 2025, in Dubai, during which the Taliban representatives urged India to start issuing visas to Afghan businessmen, students, and patients. The Taliban assured India of vetting visa seekers to address security concerns.
Why it mattered to India
This issuing of visas for Afghan nationals is significant for India primarily due to its security concerns and for the political implications, especially since India does not officially recognise the Taliban government. The matter also involves diplomatic, security, and logistical challenges, particularly given the previous restrictions on Afghan nationals entering India after the Taliban takeover.
What happened?
On November 6, 2024, Hurricane Rafael struck western Cuba’s Artemisa province as a Category 3 storm, causing widespread power outages and significant rainfall. In continuation of its humanitarian aid diplomacy, India dispatched a consignment of essential medicines comprising antibiotics, antipyretics, painkillers, oral rehydration solution (ORS) and muscle relaxants for Cuba on January 10, 2025.
Why it matters to India:
India’s humanitarian assistance to Cuba exemplifies its efforts to project itself as a important global power, particularly in the Global South. Through this aid consignment, India also reinforced its historical ties with Cuba and showcased its strategic approach towards Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR).
January 9, 2025
- → India to sign a mining pact with Mongolia
- → India is hosting the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
- → 11th India-EU Human Rights Dialogue
- → Indian Foreign Secretary meets Afghan Taliban’s Foreign Minister in a historic first.
What happened?
India is expected to sign a preliminary agreement with Mongolia focused on cooperation in geology and exploration, specifically for copper and coking coal. The proposed deal is in an advanced stage, with the Indian cabinet approving the memorandum of understanding (MoU). Indian companies, including Adani, Hindalco, and Vedanta, have expressed interest in sourcing resources from Mongolia, known for its high-quality coking coal.
Why it matters to India.
The agreement is vital for securing essential resources, reducing import dependency, and diversifying supply chains. It would strengthen India’s economic and geopolitical ties with resource-rich Mongolia, supporting its growing industrial demand and ensuring long-term resource security.
What happened?
India is hosting the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from January 8 to 10, 2025, with an estimated 4,000 delegates from the global Indian diaspora. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the event.
Why it matters to India:
PBD strengthens India’s cultural, economic, and diplomatic ties with its global diaspora. It also celebrates the diaspora’s contributions and fosters collaboration on trade, technology, and culture. Events like PBD enhance India’s global presence and promote tourism in India.
What happened?
The 11th India-European Union Human Rights Dialogue held in New Delhi on January 8, 2025, focused on strengthening cooperation between India and the European Union on human rights. The discussions primarily focused on shared commitments towards democracy, freedom, the rule of law, and other specific human rights issues such as civil rights, gender equality, and freedom of expression.
Why it matters to India:
Both sides discussed the issues related to civil and political rights; social, economic, and cultural rights; elimination of discrimination in all its manifestations; freedom of religion or belief; countering religious hatred; freedom of expression and opinion, both online and offline; gender, LGBTQI+ and the rights of the child; women’s empowerment; and technology and human rights. The two sides also exchanged views on the rights of migrants and Business and Human Rights.”
During the dialogue, both sides reaffirmed their commitment to human rights while addressing key differences, including the EU’s opposition to capital punishment and India’s focus on the Right to Development. They also concurred on the importance of enhancing multilateral cooperation and maintaining regular dialogue.
What happened?
India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri met with Taliban Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi in Dubai on January 08, 2025, marking their first official meeting. Both sides discussed bilateral relations, regional issues, and humanitarian aid, with India pledging support for Afghanistan’s health sector and trade through the Chabahar port.
Why it matters to India.
This latest meeting marked India’s ongoing efforts to engage Afghan Taliban leadership directly, especially at a time when the region’s geopolitics is in a state of flux. It also demonstrates India’s proactive pursuit of national and regional security interests. Both sides discussed enhancing cricket ties and boosting trade through the Chabahar port, which is key for India’s strategic interests. Notably, the Afghan Taliban leadership also acknowledged India’s security concerns, indicating a mutual understanding for a continued dialogue.
January 8, 2025
- → US Congressman challenges the investigation against Adani
- → Microsoft to invest 3 billion in AI infra in India
- → Rajnath Singh reaffirms strong bilateral ties with Maldives
- → Sri Lankan PM to visit China
- → India Grants Visa Extension to Sheikh Hasina
What happened?
U.S. Congressman Lance Gooden has raised concerns over the U.S. Justice Department’s investigation into Indian businessman Gautam Adani for allegedly bribing Indian officials. Gooden argues the case is an overreach, as the alleged crimes occurred in India and have no direct U.S. involvement. He warns that the investigation could harm U.S.-India relations, distract from domestic issues, and potentially escalate into an international incident. Gooden also questions the political motivations behind the timing of the investigation.
Why it matters to India:
This investigation into Adani could potentially strain diplomatic relations between India and the U.S. and raise concerns about U.S. jurisdiction over actions involving Indian citizens and officials, potentially impacting future bilateral ties and political relations.
What happened?
Microsoft plans to invest $3 billion in India over the next two years to expand its cloud and AI capabilities. The investment will fund establishing an AI Center of Excellence and AI productivity labs in 20 National Skill Training Institutes across 10 states. CEO Satya Nadella announced this at the Microsoft AI tour in New Delhi, aiming to train 500,000 Indians in AI under the India AI initiative.
Why it matters to India
This investment could significantly enhance India’s technological infrastructure, accelerating AI adoption across healthcare, finance, agriculture, and education sectors. It creates opportunities for students, educators, and entrepreneurs, boosting India’s AI adoption rate of 72% in 2024.
What happened?
Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met his Maldivian counterpart to reinforce India’s commitment to strengthening ties with the Maldives. He emphasised the Maldives’ role in India’s ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’ and its importance to regional stability in the Indian Ocean.
Why it matters to India
The Maldives is strategically important due to its location near India’s west coast and vital maritime routes. Strengthening ties through defence cooperation ensures regional stability and security in the Indian Ocean and supports India’s broader geopolitical interests.
What happened?
Sri Lanka’s President Anura Kumara Dissanayake will visit China on January 14, following his December trip to India late last year. The visit marks 68 years of Sri Lanka-China relations, with Dissanayake reaffirming Sri Lanka’s commitment to ‘One China’ policy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and expressing gratitude for China’s debt restructuring support.
Why it matters to India
India opposes BRI, viewing it as a tool for expanding Chinese influence, and is concerned by Sri Lanka’s participation. Sri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean, along critical maritime trade routes, heightens India’s concern over Chinese influence in the region. Additionally, while Dissanayake’s assurance that Sri Lanka will not allow its territory to harm Indian interests is a positive sign, it remains to be seen how this will play out, especially with the growing China-Sri Lanka ties.
What happened?
On January 8, the interim government of Bangladesh revoked the passport of ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, citing her alleged involvement in the July killings of last year, which reportedly resulted in the deaths of several hundred people. They have also requested her extradition from India to face charges of “crimes against humanity and genocide.” However, the Indian government has opted to extend her visa, allowing her to remain in India.
Why it matters to India
Hasina’s extradition is diplomatically sensitive for India, as she is regarded as a key ally. India is unlikely to extradite her, viewing the charges as politically motivated and concerned that she wouldn’t receive a fair trial. Also, the extradition treaty between India and Bangladesh may not cover political extraditions, further complicating the situation. The Indian government has maintained a cautious stance, with External Affairs Ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal noting that it is for Hasina to decide her future: “As far as former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina is concerned, we don’t have an update on her plans. It is for her to take things forward.”
January 7, 2025
- → Canadian Prime Minister resigns
- → United States moves to unlock civil nuclear cooperation with India
- → Indonesia formally joins BRICS
What happened?
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau resigns amid falling approval ratings and internal divisions within the Liberal Party.
Why it matters to India:
Trudeau’s resignation follows controversial claims about India’s involvement in the killing of Khalistan terrorist and Canadian citizen Hardeep Singh Nijjar, which sparked severe diplomatic fallout and strained international relations. The Liberal Party in Canada now faces a crucial decision to either appoint an interim leader or hold a leadership contest to determine its future direction. The resignation signals a significant political shift in Canada, with potential implications for the country’s domestic policies and foreign relations.
What happened?
The United States of America (USA) moves to unlock civil nuclear cooperation with India by removing entities like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), and Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) from the Entity List, paving the way for deeper collaboration.
Why it matters to India:
This move marks a significant step in operationalising the 2008 nuclear deal, strengthening US-India relations and expanding joint efforts in nuclear and space technologies. At the same time, it boosts India’s energy and technological capabilities, advancing its position as a key player in the global technological landscape.
What happened?
Indonesia formally joins Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), becoming the first Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) country to be included in the group of major emerging economies.
Why it matters to India.
Indonesia’s membership strengthens the BRICS bloc, expanding its influence in the Global South and aligning with the group’s agenda for reforming global governance institutions. At the same time, Indonesia’s membership signals its growing role in global economic and political dynamics, offering a strategic opportunity to boost collaboration with developing nations. The announcement gains significance in the wake of India’s decision to host the Indonesian President as the Republic Day guest on January 26, 2025.
